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Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E... Aug 2023To analyze the effect of combined training (CT) in postural control and gait parameters in postmenopausal women. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effect of combined training (CT) in postural control and gait parameters in postmenopausal women.
METHODS
A parallel-group, randomized, control study was conducted with 16 weeks of combined training ( = 16) versus a non-training control group ( = 12) in postmenopausal women (aged 59.3 ± 8.0). Pre and postintervention assessments included postural control (using an AMTI force platform - Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) and gait impairments (using baropodometry). In addition, the upper limb strength and abdominal tests, as well as aerobic capacity, assessed functional indicators.
RESULTS
The CT intervention in postmenopausal women resulted in improved gait (stride length ( = 0.006); speed ( = 0.013); double support time ( = 0.045); and improved postural control (displacement area of postural sway in a normal base of support with eyes open ( = 0.006). Combined training increased functional indicators (abdominal - = 0.031; aerobic capacity - = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, combined aerobic plus strength training effectively improved gait and balance control in older women. The postmenopausal women from the CT group walked faster and with bigger steps after the intervention than the control group. In addition, they presented decreased postural sway in standing and decreased the percentage of double support time while walking, which means improved static and dynamic balance control and functional indicators.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Postmenopause; Resistance Training; Upper Extremity; Walking
PubMed: 37683658
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772178 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Dec 2023In soccer, players must perform a variety of sport-specific skills usually during or immediately after running, often at sprint speed. The quality of the skill performed... (Review)
Review
In soccer, players must perform a variety of sport-specific skills usually during or immediately after running, often at sprint speed. The quality of the skill performed is likely influenced by the volume of work done in attacking and defending over the duration of the match. Even the most highly skilful players succumb to the impact of fatigue both physical and mental, which may result in underperforming skills at key moments in a match. Fitness is the platform on which skill is performed during team sport. With the onset of fatigue, tired players find it ever more difficult to successfully perform basic skills. Therefore, it is not surprising that teams spend a large proportion of their training time on fitness. While acknowledging the central role of fitness in team sport, the importance of team tactics, underpinned by spatial awareness, must not be neglected. It is well established that a high-carbohydrate diet before a match and, as a supplement during match play, helps delay the onset of fatigue. There is some evidence that players ingesting carbohydrate can maintain sport-relevant skills for the duration of exercise more successfully compared with when ingesting placebo or water. However, most of the assessments of sport-specific skills have been performed in a controlled, non-contested environment. Although these methods may be judged as not ecologically valid, they do rule out the confounding influences of competition on skill performance. The aim of this brief review is to explore whether carbohydrate ingestion, while delaying fatigue during match play, may also help retain sport soccer-specific skill performance.
Topics: Humans; Soccer; Exercise; Running; Fatigue; Carbohydrates; Athletic Performance
PubMed: 37421586
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01876-3 -
PloS One 2023Aerobic exercise is widely recognized for improving mental health and reducing negative emotions, including anxiety. However, research on its role in preventing and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Aerobic exercise is widely recognized for improving mental health and reducing negative emotions, including anxiety. However, research on its role in preventing and treating postpartum depression (PPD) has yielded inconsistent results. Some studies show positive effects on PPD symptoms, while others find limited impact, suggesting various factors at play, such as exercise type, intensity, and individual differences. To address this gap, our study aims to comprehensively gather evidence on the preventive and therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise for PPD. We'll focus on differences in exercise program design and implementation, exploring how these factors impact intervention outcomes. By identifying effective exercise approaches, we aim to provide more comprehensive exercise prescription recommendations for this vulnerable population.
METHODS
We conducted a quantitative systematic review of the study in 5 representative databases for the effect of aerobic exercise on PPD. Meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed with Review-Manager.5.4 and Stata.16.0 software, respectively. This study has been registered on the official Prospero website, and the registration code is CRD42023398221.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies with 2,867 participants were eventually included and the efficacy of aerobic exercise in preventing and treating postpartum depression is significant compared to standard care. (MD = -1.90; 95%CL: -2.58 to -1.21; I2 = 86%). Subgroup analysis suggests that the intervention objective (prevention vs. treatment) of exercise could potentially be a source of heterogeneity in this study, as the "Test for subgroup difference" revealed the presence of significant distinctions (p = 0.02<0.05). The "Test for subgroup difference" yielded non-significant results for both the supervised vs. unsupervised subgroup comparison (p = 0.55 > 0.05) and the individual vs. team subgroup comparison (p = 0.78 > 0.05). Nonetheless, when assessing their effect sizes [Subtotal (95%CL)], the supervised exercise group [-1.66 (-2.48, -0.85)] exhibited a slightly better performance than the unsupervised exercise group [-1.37 (-1.86, -0.88)], while the team exercise group [-1.43 (-1.94, -0.93)] slightly outperformed the individual exercise group [-1.28 (-2.23, -0.33)]. Network meta-analysis indicated that moderate intensity (35~45 min) group demonstrated a more pronounced intervention effect compared to low intensity (50~60 min) group [-2.63 (-4.05, -1.21)] and high intensity (20~30 min) group [-2.96 (-4.51, -1.41)], while the 3~4 times/week group had a more significant intervention effect compared to 1~2 times/week groups [-2.91 (-3.99, -1.83)] and 5~6 times/week groups [-3.28 (-4.75, -1.81)]. No significant differences were observed in pairwise comparisons of intervention effects among the five common types of aerobic exercises. (95%CL including 0). The Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA) results align with the findings mentioned above and will not be reiterated here.
CONCLUSION
The efficacy of aerobic exercise in preventing and treating postpartum depression is significant compared to standard care, with a greater emphasis on prevention. The optimal prescribed exercise volume for intervention comprises a frequency of 3~4 exercise sessions per week, moderate intensity (35~45 minutes). Currently, several uncharted internal factors influence the optimal intervention effect of aerobic exercise, such as the potential enhancement brought by team-based and supervised exercise. Given the absence of significant differences in certain results and the limitations of the study, it is essential to exercise caution when interpreting the outcomes. Further research is needed in the future to provide a more comprehensive understanding.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Network Meta-Analysis; Exercise; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 38019729
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287650 -
Cells Oct 2023Accelerated biological vascular ageing is still a major driver of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Exercise training delays this process,... (Review)
Review
Accelerated biological vascular ageing is still a major driver of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Exercise training delays this process, known as early vascular ageing, but often lacks effectiveness due to a lack of understanding of molecular and clinical adaptations to specific stimuli. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular and clinical vascular adaptations to acute and chronic exercise. It further addresses how training characteristics (frequency, intensity, volume, and type) may influence these processes. Finally, practical recommendations are given for exercise training to maintain and improve vascular health. Exercise increases shear stress on the vascular wall and stimulates the endothelial release of circulating growth factors and of exerkines from the skeletal muscle and other organs. As a result, remodeling within the vascular walls leads to a better vasodilator and -constrictor responsiveness, reduced arterial stiffness, arterio- and angiogenesis, higher antioxidative capacities, and reduced oxidative stress. Although current evidence about specific aspects of exercise training, such as F-I-T-T, is limited, and exact training recommendations cannot be given, some practical implications can be extracted. As such, repeated stimuli 5-7 days per week might be necessary to use the full potential of these favorable physiological alterations, and the cumulative volume of mechanical shear stress seems more important than peak shear stress. Because of distinct short- and long-term effects of resistance and aerobic exercise, including higher and moderate intensities, both types of exercise should be implemented in a comprehensive training regimen. As vascular adaptability towards exercise remains high at any age in both healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular diseases, individualized exercise-based vascular health prevention should be implemented in any age group from children to centenarians.
Topics: Child; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Exercise; Muscle, Skeletal; Antioxidants; Aging; Oxidative Stress; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37947622
DOI: 10.3390/cells12212544 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Mar 2024Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These... (Review)
Review
Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These positive effects come from metabolic adaptations that also include oxidative eustress, in which physical activity increases ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms, although this depends on the intensity of the exercise. Muscle metabolism through mechanisms such as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative lipid metabolism can produce metabolites and co-factors which directly impact the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we clearly reinforce the evidence that exercise regulates several epigenetic mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms can be regulated by metabolic products and co-factors produced during exercise. In fact, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of epigenetics in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise. Importantly, intermediates of the metabolism generated by continuous, acute, moderate, or strenuous exercise control the activity of epigenetic enzymes, therefore turning on or turning off the gene expression of specific programs which can lead to physiological adaptations after exercise.
Topics: Oxidative Stress; Exercise; Antioxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Adaptation, Physiological; Epigenesis, Genetic; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38199289
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.008 -
Biomedical Journal Feb 2024In the broad field of inflammation, skeletal muscle is a tissue that is understudied. Yet it represents about 40% of body mass in non-obese individuals and is therefore... (Review)
Review
In the broad field of inflammation, skeletal muscle is a tissue that is understudied. Yet it represents about 40% of body mass in non-obese individuals and is therefore of fundamental importance for whole body metabolism and health. This article provides an overview of the unique features of skeletal muscle tissue, as well as its adaptability to exercise. This ability to adapt, particularly with respect to mitochondrial content and function, confers a level of metabolic "protection" against energy consuming events, and adds a measure of quality control that determines the phenotypic response to stress. Thus, we describe the particular role of mitochondria in promoting inflammasome activation in skeletal muscle, contributing to muscle wasting and dysfunction in aging, disuse and metabolic disease. We will then discuss how exercise training can be anti-inflammatory, mitigating the chronic inflammation that is observed in these conditions, potentially through improvements in mitochondrial quality and function.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; Muscle, Skeletal; Exercise; Mitochondrial Diseases; Inflammation
PubMed: 37499756
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100636 -
Nutrients Sep 2023In recent years, ketogenic diets and ketone supplements have increased in popularity, particularly as a mechanism to improve exercise performance by modifying... (Review)
Review
In recent years, ketogenic diets and ketone supplements have increased in popularity, particularly as a mechanism to improve exercise performance by modifying energetics. Since the skeletal muscle is a major metabolic and locomotory organ, it is important to take it into consideration when considering the effect of a dietary intervention, and the impact of physical activity on the body. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known and what still needs to be investigated concerning the relationship between ketone body metabolism and exercise, specifically in the skeletal muscle. Overall, it is clear that increased exposure to ketone bodies in combination with exercise can modify skeletal muscle metabolism, but whether this effect is beneficial or detrimental remains unclear and needs to be further interrogated before ketogenic diets or exogenous ketone supplementation can be recommended.
Topics: Ketones; Diet, Ketogenic; Exercise; Muscle, Skeletal; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37836512
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194228 -
Gut and Liver Jul 2023This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide representative database.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and synergistic (additive interaction) associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with NAFLD after adjusting for multiple covariates.
RESULTS
The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% for men and 17.6% for women. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model to examine the independent association of aerobic physical activity or resistance exercise with NAFLD, the odds ratios for NAFLD were significantly decreased in both men (p=0.03) and women (p<0.01) who had highly active aerobic physical activity. Regarding the frequency of resistance exercise, the odds ratio for NAFLD was decreased in men who did resistance exercise ≥5 days per week (p=0.04), but not in women (p=0.19). However, when investigating the synergistic associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise, the odds ratios for NAFLD significantly decreased when the frequency of both exercises increased together in both men (p for interaction <0.01) and women (p for interaction<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Combining aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise had a synergistic preventive association for NAFLD in Korean men and women.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Resistance Training; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise
PubMed: 36928126
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220345 -
Psychological Research Jul 2023Movement is essential for everyday life and closely related to cognitive skills. The aim of the current research was to investigate whether different aspects of physical...
Movement is essential for everyday life and closely related to cognitive skills. The aim of the current research was to investigate whether different aspects of physical activity, i.e., aerobic fitness and motor skills, contribute above and beyond each other to the variance in children's executive functioning. Children aged 8-13 years (N = 129, 58 females, M = 10.7 years, SD = 1.6 years) participated in the current cross-sectional study. Aerobic fitness was assessed by the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER). Motor skills were assessed using the standardized Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (M-ABC-2), including fine motor skills, balance skills, and object control. Components of executive functions (inhibition, switching, updating) were assessed using the following tasks: an animal Stroop task, a local-global task, and a 2n-back task. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to analyze the relative importance of aerobic fitness and motor skills for children's executive functions. Results indicated that aerobic fitness and fine motor skills were significantly related to switching and updating, whereas relations to inhibition were non-significant. Furthermore, it was found that fine motor skills explained additional variance above aerobic fitness in switching and updating whereas aerobic fitness did not add additional variance above fine motor skills in switching and updating. Balance and object control skills were not related to the three core executive functions. Results support the notion that aerobic fitness and fine motor skills are differently related to executive functions and highlight the importance of considering multiple components of constructs in future research.
Topics: Female; Child; Humans; Motor Skills; Physical Fitness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Executive Function
PubMed: 36264512
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01749-w -
Nutrients Dec 2023Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute over 25% of global cancer cases annually, with hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancers presenting particularly poor prognosis and... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute over 25% of global cancer cases annually, with hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancers presenting particularly poor prognosis and challenging surgical treatments. While advancements in clinical care have improved post-operative outcomes over time, surgery for HPB cancers remains associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with HPB cancer are often older, diagnosed at later stages, and have a higher prevalence of co-morbid conditions, leading to reduced life expectancy, suboptimal post-operative recovery, and increased recurrence risk. Exercise and nutrition interventions have emerged as safe non-pharmacological strategies to enhance clinical outcomes among cancer survivors, but their potential in the pre-operative period for patients with HPB cancer remains underexplored. This narrative review evaluates existing evidence on exercise and nutritional interventions during pre-operative prehabilitation for HPB cancer populations, focusing on clinically relevant post-operative outcomes related to frailty and malnutrition. We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify studies utilizing a prehabilitation intervention in HPB cancer populations with exercise and nutritional components. The currently available evidence suggests that incorporating exercise and nutrition into prehabilitation programs offers a critical opportunity to enhance post-operative outcomes, mitigate the risk of comorbidities, and support overall survivorship among HPB cancer populations. This review underscores the need for further research to optimize the timing, duration, and components of pre-operative prehabilitation programs, emphasizing patient-centered, multidisciplinary approaches in this evolving field.
Topics: Humans; Preoperative Exercise; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Exercise; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38140303
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245044