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European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2023Elevated postprandial glucose (PPG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Post-meal exercise effectively reduces PPG concentrations. However, the...
Elevated postprandial glucose (PPG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Post-meal exercise effectively reduces PPG concentrations. However, the effect of accumulated versus continuous post-meal exercise on PPG control remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of individualized accumulated or continuous exercise on PPG in young adults with obesity.Twenty young adults with obesity (11 males) completed three 4-h randomized crossover trials with 6-14-day washout periods: (1) sitting (SIT), (2) one 30-min walking bout (CONT), and (3) three 10-min walking bouts separated by 20-min resting (ACCU). Walking was initiated 20 min before individual PPG peak after breakfast, which was predetermined by continuous glucose monitoring. Blood samples were collected at 15-30 min intervals, and the 24-h glucose was monitored via continuous glucose monitoring. The 4-h PPG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was 12.1%±30.9% and 21.5%±21.5% smaller after CONT (= 0.022) and ACCU (< 0.001), respectively, than after SIT. PPG concentrations were lower during CONT at 30-60 min and during ACCU at 30-105 min after breakfast than during SIT (all < 0.05). The 4-h plasma insulin and C-peptide iAUC, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions were lower after CONT and ACCU than after SIT (all < 0.05). Both continuous and accumulated exercises reduced PPG, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations and improved glucose fluctuations. Accumulated exercise maintained lower PPG concentrations for a longer time than continuous exercise in young adults with obesity. Clinical trial registration No. ChiCTR 2000035064, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=56584; (registered July 29, 2020).
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Exercise; Walking; Obesity; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 36738277
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2177199 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2024Unhealthful dietary patterns have been consistently associated with low levels of physical activity (PA), but studies dedicated to sedentary behavior (SB) are scarce,...
BACKGROUND
Unhealthful dietary patterns have been consistently associated with low levels of physical activity (PA), but studies dedicated to sedentary behavior (SB) are scarce, especially in adults. The few studies that investigated the association between SB and dietary patterns focused mostly on specific types of SB, such as TV-watching or screen time. SB can be accumulated in distinct domains (i.e., work, transport, and leisure-time), thus, it is key to investigate in depth the impact that different domains of SB can have on eating-related indicators. We aimed to investigate the associations between different SB domains and eating-related indicators, in a sample of adults.
METHODS
Cross-sectional data from students, teachers, and staff from a Portuguese University was collected in November/2021 through an anonymous online survey. Data analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS software (version 28.0) and included descriptive statistics, partial correlations, and group comparisons using one-way ANOVA. Daily average SB at work/study, transport, and in leisure-time were self-reported and eating-related indicators were measured with several items from the Mediterranean Diet Score. Specific eating-related behaviors reflecting a protective eating pattern (e.g., eating breakfast regularly), and eating behavior traits (e.g., external eating) were also assessed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height(m). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire/Short-Form was used to assess PA.
RESULTS
The sample included 301 adults (60.1% women), with a mean age of 34.5 years. Overall, leisure-time SB was inversely associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r = -0.20; p < 0.001) and with a protective eating profile (r = -0.31; p < 0.001). Higher transport SB was also related to lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r = -0.20; p < 0.001) and to an unhealthier eating profile (r = -0.22; p < 0.001), but no associations were found for work-related SB (p > 0.05). These results persisted after the adjustment for BMI, sex, and self-reported PA. These results were impacted by the age tertile.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that adults with higher levels of SB in leisure-time and transport domains tend to report less healthy eating-related behaviors, irrespective of BMI, sex, and PA level. However, some differences in these associations were found according to the age tertile. This information may assist public health authorities in focusing their efforts in augmenting literacy on SB, namely on how SB can be accumulated via different settings. Furthermore, public health literacy efforts need to extend besides the more known deleterious effects of SB on health (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease), to also include the interplay with eating indicators. Strategies to reduce SB and unhealthy eating should be particularly focused on promoting physically active forms of commuting and reducing SB in the leisure setting.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sedentary Behavior; Analysis of Variance; Body Mass Index; Breakfast
PubMed: 38263005
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17760-2 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ningbo students and explore the association between students' dietary behavior and overweight and obesity.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ningbo students and explore the association between students' dietary behavior and overweight and obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 7299 students were recruited, including 3755 males and 3544 females. A questionnaire on student health status and influencing factors was used to investigate dietary behavior. Logistic regression analysis investigated the relationship between dietary behavior and overweight and obesity. Age, gender, area, grade, sleep duration, and physical activity were adjusted in the multivariate regression models.
RESULTS
This study revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ningbo students was 16.14% and 9.88%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis results showed that regular consumption of sugary beverages was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.023-1.542, = 0.029). The research indicated that skipping breakfast was considered a risk factor for obesity (OR = 2.102, 95% CI: 1.087-4.065, = 0.027). After adjusting for age, gender, area, and grade and continuing to adjust for sleep duration and physical activity, the results showed that consuming fried food at least once a day increased the risk of obesity (OR = 1.494, 95% CI: 1.050-2.125, = 0.026; OR = 1.516, 95% CI: 1.065-2.158, = 0.021, respectively). This study found that the frequency of breakfast and the consumption of fried food, fresh vegetables, and fruits were not significantly associated with being overweight ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicated that dietary behavior was related to overweight and obesity among Ningbo students. Further studies and more government support are required to confirm this study's findings and address the current overweight/obesity problems.
PubMed: 37892280
DOI: 10.3390/children10101617 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The effect of the antioxidant capacity of diet and its distribution across three meals on mortality risk among cancer patients remains unexplored. We aimed to...
Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity and its distribution across three meals with all-cause, cancer, and non-cancer mortality among cancer survivors: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2018.
The effect of the antioxidant capacity of diet and its distribution across three meals on mortality risk among cancer patients remains unexplored. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DAC) and its distribution across three meals with all-cause, cancer, and noncancer mortality among cancer survivors. We included 5,009 patients with cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2018. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was estimated using the survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards model. During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 1811 deaths, including 575 cancer-related deaths, were recorded. Among cancer survivors, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of total DAC from three meals, those in the highest quartile had a 24% decreased risk of noncancer mortality (aHR = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.92), but not of all-cause and cancer mortality (each trend >0.1). However, this association became insignificant for total DAC after excluding dinner DAC. In addition, higher dinner DAC rather than breakfast or lunch DAC was associated with a 21% lower risk of all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.98) and 28% lower risk of noncancer mortality (aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90). Similar associations were found for ΔDAC (dinner DAC - breakfast DAC) with noncancer mortality (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.83), but DAC was not associated with cancer mortality ( trend >0.3). Among cancer survivors, total DAC from three meals was associated with reduced noncancer mortality, with the primary effect attributable to increased DAC intake from dinner. Our findings emphasize that DAC consumption from dinner should be advocated to reduce mortality risk in cancer survivors.
PubMed: 37485382
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1141380 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023This study aimed to investigate the individual and joint associations of sedentary behaviour, physical activity (PA), sleep and breakfast eating on health-related...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the individual and joint associations of sedentary behaviour, physical activity (PA), sleep and breakfast eating on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst Chinese junior high school students.
METHODS
Data were from 783 junior high school students who participated in a health behaviour and health survey in Jining city of Shandong province of China. HRQoL was measured by the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire, youth version (EQ-5D-Y). Multivariable logistic and linear regressions were applied to examine the associations between health behaviours and HRQoL.
RESULTS
Multivariable regression analyses showed that using a computer ≥ 2 h a day (vs. < 2 h/day) is associated with increased likelihood of having health problems in the three EQ-D-Y dimensions, including walking, looking after self and doing usual activities. Lower PA is associated with more problems in feeling worried, sad or unhappy, and with a lower visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Students who had insufficient sleep time (e.g., <7 h/day), and skipped eating breakfast were more likely to experience lower HRQoL in the dimensions of having pain or discomfort, and feeling worried, sad or unhappy, and a lower VAS score than those students who had longer sleep time and no breakfast skipping. Students who reported having the combined ≥ 2 unhealthy behaviours relative to the peers with 0-1 unhealthy behaviours were more likely to have lower HRQoL.
CONCLUSION
The findings in the present study underline the importance of promoting healthy behaviours in order to improve HRQoL amongst Chinese junior high school students.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Quality of Life; Health Status; Students; China; Health Behavior
PubMed: 37900025
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283721 -
PloS One 2024The Western diet has undergone a massive switch since the second half of the 20th century, with the massive increase of the consumption of refined carbohydrate...
The Western diet has undergone a massive switch since the second half of the 20th century, with the massive increase of the consumption of refined carbohydrate associated with many adverse health effects. The physiological mechanisms linked to this consumption, such as hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia, may impact non medical traits such as facial attractiveness. To explore this issue, the relationship between facial attractiveness and immediate and chronic refined carbohydrate consumption estimated by glycemic load was studied for 104 French subjects. Facial attractiveness was assessed by opposite sex raters using pictures taken two hours after a controlled breakfast. Chronic consumption was assessed considering three high glycemic risk meals: breakfast, afternoon snacking and between-meal snacking. Immediate consumption of a high glycemic breakfast decreased facial attractiveness for men and women while controlling for several control variables, including energy intake. Chronic refined carbohydrate consumption had different effects on attractiveness depending on the meal and/or the sex. Chronic refined carbohydrate consumption, estimated by the glycemic load, during the three studied meals reduced attractiveness, while a high energy intake increased it. Nevertheless, the effect was reversed for men concerning the afternoon snack, for which a high energy intake reduced attractiveness and a high glycemic load increased it. These effects were maintained when potential confounders for facial attractiveness were controlled such as age, age departure from actual age, masculinity/femininity (perceived and measured), BMI, physical activity, parental home ownership, smoking, couple status, hormonal contraceptive use (for women), and facial hairiness (for men). Results were possibly mediated by an increase in age appearance for women and a decrease in perceived masculinity for men. The physiological differences between the three meals studied and the interpretation of the results from an adaptive/maladaptive point of view in relation to our new dietary environment are discussed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Meals; Breakfast; Snacks; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Devices; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hyperglycemia
PubMed: 38446775
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298984 -
The Journal of Nutrition Feb 2024Postprandial metabolic responses following dairy consumption have mostly been studied using stand-alone dairy products or milk-derived nutrients. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Postprandial metabolic responses following dairy consumption have mostly been studied using stand-alone dairy products or milk-derived nutrients.
OBJECTIVE
Assessing the impact of ingesting dairy products as part of a common breakfast on postprandial aminoacidemia, glycemic control, markers of bone metabolism, and satiety.
METHODS
In this randomized, crossover study, 20 healthy young males and females consumed on 3 separate occasions an iso-energetic breakfast containing no dairy (NO-D), 1 dairy (ONE-D), or 2 dairy (TWO-D) products. Postprandial concentrations of amino acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and markers of bone formation (P1NP) and resorption (CTX-I) were measured before and up to 300 min after initiating the breakfast, along with VAS-scales to assess satiety.
RESULTS
Plasma essential and branched-chained amino acids availability (expressed as total area under the curve (tAUC)) increased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Plasma glucose tAUCs were lower in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P<0.05 for both comparisons). Plasma GLP-1 tAUC increased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05 for all comparisons), whereas no differences were observed in plasma insulin tAUC between conditions (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Serum calcium tAUCs were higher in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P<0.05 for both comparisons), along with lower PTH tAUCs in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P=0.001 for both comparisons). In accordance, serum CTX-I concentrations were lower in the late postprandial period in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P<0.01 for both comparisons). No differences were observed in P1NP tAUCs between conditions (P>0.05). The tAUC for satiety was higher in TWO-D compared with NO-D and ONE-D (P<0.05 for both comparisons).
CONCLUSIONS
Iso-energetic replacement of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast component with one serving of dairy improves postprandial amino acid availability, glycemic control, and bone metabolism. Adding a second serving of dairy in lieu of carbohydrates augments postprandial amino acid and GLP-1 concentrations while further promoting satiety. This study was registered at https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13531586 with Clinical Trial Registry number ISRCTN13531586.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Blood Glucose; Postprandial Period; Breakfast; Cross-Over Studies; Glycemic Control; Calcium; Dairy Products; Insulin; Milk; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38092152
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.012 -
Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Physical performance shows approximately 30% diurnal variation; however, diurnal variation in oral function remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the diurnal...
Physical performance shows approximately 30% diurnal variation; however, diurnal variation in oral function remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the diurnal variation in oral and swallowing function in older adults requiring long-term care. The participants included 13 adults aged >60 years (3 men and 10 women, mean age: 77.2 ± 6.3 years, age range: 62-90 years) requiring long-term care. Tongue strength (TS) and oral mucosal moisture were measured as indices of oral and swallowing function, while hand grip strength was measured as an index of general muscle strength. The patients were asked to participate in a "test" after breakfast, lunch, and dinner on the same day. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to examine diurnal differences in each item. Multilevel linear regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex revealed that TS was significantly higher at noon ( = 0.001) than in the morning. Therefore, caregivers who provide support during meals to older people requiring long-term care should consider the possibility of swallowing function differing according to the time of the day. In conclusion, it may be beneficial to establish a nutritional therapy that accounts for the diurnal variation in TS.
PubMed: 37987467
DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060107 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2024Currently, it is still largely unknown whether the proportion of calcium intake at breakfast and dinner is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general...
Association of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2018.
BACKGROUND
Currently, it is still largely unknown whether the proportion of calcium intake at breakfast and dinner is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary calcium intake at dinner versus breakfast with CVD in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
METHODS
The study population consisted of 36,164 US adults (including 4,040 CVD cases) from the NHANES 2003 to 2018. According to the ratio of dietary calcium intake at dinner and breakfast (Δ = dinner/breakfast), 36,164 participants were divided into five groups. After adjustment for a series of confounder factors, logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between Δ and CVD. Dietary substitution models were used to explore the changes in CVD risk when a 5% dietary calcium intake at dinner was substituted with dietary calcium intake at breakfast.
RESULTS
Compared with participants in the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile were more likely to have CVD, with an adjusted OR of CVD of 1.16 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.31). When the total calcium intake remained constant, replacing a 5% dietary calcium intake at dinner with dietary calcium intake at breakfast was associated with a 6% lower risk of CVD.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to the lowest quintile of Δ, participants in the highest quintile of Δ were likely to experience CVD in the general population. It is necessary to scientifically allocate dietary calcium intake at breakfast and dinner.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Breakfast; Calcium, Dietary; Cardiovascular Diseases; Calcium; Meals
PubMed: 38641623
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18587-7 -
Public Health Nutrition Feb 2024To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents.
Associations of regular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner with Body Mass Index during adolescence: longitudinal findings by weight status among the Eating and Activity over Time 2010-2018 cohort.
OBJECTIVE
To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents.
DESIGN
Longitudinal, population-based study. Breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption and BMI were self-reported. Linear regressions were used to examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI differed by weight status.
SETTING
Adolescents in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area.
PARTICIPANTS
Adolescents ( 1,471) were surveyed as part of the EAT 2010-2018 in 2009-2010 (M = 14·3 years) and 2017-2018 (M = 22·0 years).
RESULTS
The prevalence of regular breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption (≥ 5 times/week) ranged from 45 to 65 %, 75 to 89 % and 76 to 94 %, respectively, depending on weight status category. Among adolescents with a sex- and age-specific BMI < 15th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner during adolescence were positively associated with BMI in emerging adulthood compared with irregular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner (<5 times/week) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics ( = 5·43, = 5·39 and = 6·46, respectively; all -values <0·01). Among adolescents in the BMI 15-85th and 85-95th percentiles, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI but to a lesser extent (-values <0·01). For participants with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI, but the associations were not statistically significant (-values > 0·05).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between meal consumption during adolescence and BMI in emerging adulthood differs by adolescent weight status. Future studies should investigate underlying factors related to meal consumption routines and BMI.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Young Adult; Infant; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Lunch; Feeding Behavior; Meals
PubMed: 38384116
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000454