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Microbiology Spectrum Jan 2024Microbes produce a large array of extracellular molecules, which serve as signals and cues to promote polymicrobial interactions and alter the function of microbial...
Microbes produce a large array of extracellular molecules, which serve as signals and cues to promote polymicrobial interactions and alter the function of microbial communities. This has been particularly well studied in the human oral microbiome, where key metabolites have been shown to impact both health and disease. Here, we used an untargeted mass spectrometry approach to comprehensively assess the extracellular metabolome of the pathogen and the commensal during mono- and co-culture. We generated and made publicly available a metabolomic data set that includes hundreds of potential metabolites and leveraged this data set to identify an operon important for glutathione secretion in .
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus gordonii; Symbiosis; Coculture Techniques; Biofilms; Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 38051055
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03511-23 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the changes in periodontal pathogens and periodontal status within 6 months of wearing three orthodontic...
The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the changes in periodontal pathogens and periodontal status within 6 months of wearing three orthodontic retainers, namely, vacuum-formed retainer (VFR), Hawley retainer (HR), and lingual fixed retainer (LR). In total, 48 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with ordinary metal brackets were divided into VFR, HR, and LR groups (n = 16 per group). Saliva samples were collected at the time of debonding (T0) and after 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were quantitatively analyzed using real-time PCR. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), and probing depth (PD) were measured at the four time points to evaluate changes in periodontal state. SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze the data, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300073704), the registration was retrospective. Compared to baseline (T0) values, Pg, Aa, GI, PLI, and PD were significantly decreased in all three groups 1 month after wearing the retainer (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in Aa at T3 among the three groups, whereby the HR group exhibited significantly better results compared to the VFR and LR groups (p < 0.05). Differences were found among the three groups' Porphyromonas gingivalis at T3, and the HR group was significantly better than the VFR and LR groups (P < 0.05). From T1 to T2, GI, PLI, and PD of the three groups tended to be stable, however differences were observed at T3, with the PLI and PD of the HR group being the lowest among the three groups (p < 0.05). Regardless of the type of retainer used, the periodontal condition of patients was significantly improved after removal of the metal brackets. After 6 months of retainer use, the Hawley retainer was superior to vacuum-formed retainer and lingual fixed retainer with regard to Pg, Aa, and periodontal clinical parameters.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Retainers; Retrospective Studies; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Gingival Diseases
PubMed: 38001102
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46922-2 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.
OBJECTIVES
The pathogenesis of oral cavity cancers is complex. We tested the hypothesis that oral microbiota dysbiosis is associated with oral cavity cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with primary oral cavity cancer who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Matching healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Data on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, self-reported periodontal measures and habits, and current dental status were collected using a structured questionnaire and periodontal chartings. In addition to self-reported oral health measures, each participant received a standard and detailed clinical examination. DNA was extracted from saliva samples from patients and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing was performed by targeting V3-V4 gene regions of the 16 S rRNA with subsequent bioinformatic analyses.
RESULTS
Patients with oral cavity cancers had a lower quality of oral health than healthy controls. Proteobacteria, Aggregatibacter, Haemophilus, and Neisseria decreased, while Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Gemella, and Fusobacteria increased in oral cancer patients. At the species level, C. durum, L. umeaens, N. subflava, A. massiliensis, and V. dispar were significantly lower, while G. haemolysans was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Major periodontopathogens associated with periodontal disease (P. gingivalis and F.nucleatum) increased 6.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These data suggested that patients with oral cancer had worse oral health conditions and a distinct oral microbiome composition that is affected by personal daily habits and may be associated with the pathogenicity of the disease and interspecies interactions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This paper demonstrates the link between oral bacteria and oral cancers, identifying mechanistic interactions between species of oral microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Dysbiosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Saliva; Case-Control Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged; Microbiota; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Oral Health
PubMed: 38884817
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05770-8 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2023the leaf (MO) has active compounds that may be beneficial for peri-implantitis therapy. This research aims to analyze the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial...
OBJECTIVE
the leaf (MO) has active compounds that may be beneficial for peri-implantitis therapy. This research aims to analyze the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of L. nanosuspension (MON) extract in peri-implantitis-related bacteria.
METHODS
MON extract phytochemical analysis was conducted to examine active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, quinones, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay for antioxidant capacity was evaluated, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the detection of volatile active compounds in MON extract was performed. Turax was used to create MON extract at concentrations of 1% and 2%, and then a particle size analysis was carried out. (Pi), (Pg), (Aa), and (Fn) were tested for antibacterial activity of MON extract, comparing them with doxycycline as the reference drug and using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and diffusion zone methods.
RESULTS
MON extract has lower antioxidant capacity than vitamin C. Flavonoids, saponins, quinones, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids were found in MON extract. 1% and 2% of MON extract has 10-40 d nm particle size. MIC, MBC and diffusion examination of 1% and 2% MON extract on Aa, Pg, Pi, and Fn were seen at concentrations of 25% and 12.5% with significantly different () in vitro.
CONCLUSION
MON extract has potential antioxidant activity, and 1% or 2% of MON extract has antibacterial properties toward Aa, Pg, Pi, and Fn at concentrations of 25% and 12.5%, with significant differences.
PubMed: 37753264
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.09.004 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023Soluble HMW1C-like N-glycosyltransferases (NGTs) catalyze the glycosylation of Asn residues in proteins, a process fundamental for bacterial autoaggregation, adhesion...
Soluble HMW1C-like N-glycosyltransferases (NGTs) catalyze the glycosylation of Asn residues in proteins, a process fundamental for bacterial autoaggregation, adhesion and pathogenicity. However, our understanding of their molecular mechanisms is hindered by the lack of structures of enzymatic complexes. Here, we report structures of binary and ternary NGT complexes of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus NGT (AaNGT), revealing an essential dyad of basic/acidic residues located in the N-terminal all α-domain (AAD) that intimately recognizes the Thr residue within the conserved motif Asn-X-Ser/Thr. Poor substrates and inhibitors such as UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose mimetics adopt non-productive conformations, decreasing or impeding catalysis. QM/MM simulations rationalize these results, showing that AaNGT follows a S2 reaction mechanism in which the acceptor asparagine uses its imidic form for catalysis and the UDP-glucose phosphate group acts as a general base. These findings provide key insights into the mechanism of NGTs and will facilitate the design of structure-based inhibitors to treat diseases caused by non-typeable H. influenzae or other Gram-negative bacteria.
Topics: Glycosylation; Bacterial Proteins; Asparagine; Haemophilus influenzae; Glucose; Uridine Diphosphate
PubMed: 37723184
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41238-1 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2024has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of ,...
UNLABELLED
has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers the adherence and survival of through multiple tactics. Matcha extract (ME) inhibited the growth not only of but also of s and , while it did not inhibit growth of nine species of oral streptococci and . ME-mediated growth inhibition was characterized by both morphological and physiological changes at the bacterial envelope, which were accompanied by nano-particle formation and decreased membrane fluidity/permeability without loss of membrane integrity. ME also triggered autoaggregation of in a major fimbriae (FimA)-dependent manner. In addition, adherence of was dramatically inhibited by ME, irrespective of fimbriae. Furthermore, a structure-activity relationship study tested a series of catechins isolated from ME and identified the pyrogallol-type B-ring of catechins as essential for growth inhibition. In a clinical study to assess the microbiological and therapeutic effects of matcha mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, the number in saliva was significantly reduced by matcha mouthwash compared to the pre-intervention level. A tendency toward improvement in probing pocket depth was observed in the matcha group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, we present a proof of concept, based on the multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha against , and that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
IMPORTANCE
Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, results in alveolar bone destruction, and is a major cause of tooth loss of humans. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated associations between periodontitis and a wide range of other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, cardiovascular disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorder, and cancer. In the present study, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers , a major periodontal pathobiont, in not only a series of experiments but also a pilot intervention clinical trial of patients with periodontitis, in which matcha mouthwash statistically significantly reduced the number in saliva, as compared to the pre-intervention level. Taken together, we suggest that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
PubMed: 38771061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03426-23 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Sep 2023Method-dependent comparison of antimicrobial agents' efficacy against oral pathogens.
OBJECTIVES
Method-dependent comparison of antimicrobial agents' efficacy against oral pathogens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Several sodium hypochlorite solutions (NaOCl)-Perisolv, Carisolv and Dakin's solution-were equated with chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) against ten oral micro-organisms related to caries and periodontitis using different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques. Agents were adjusted to the final 70 mmol/L concentration of active chlorine molecule.
RESULTS
Apart from HO and the amino acids of Perisolv, all the agents revealed an antimicrobial effect. Agar diffusion test ranked CHX (p < 0.05) as the most effective against all ten specimens, followed by the NaOCl of Perisolv and Dakin's solution. Correspondingly, in broth microdilution on agar, CHX was the most effective in eradicating micro-organisms at 0.03 mmol/L compared with 2.2 mmol/L of Dakin's solution. In contrast, the bactericidal concentration of Dakin's solution was the most effective at 0.2 mmol/L, (p < 0.001), followed by Perisolv (2.14 mmol/L), CHX (2.38 mmol/L) and Carisolv (3.33 mmol/L) after 5 and 10 min in broth dilution test. In live/dead analysis, 60-min exposure to a 2-fold concentration of agents resulted in two-log Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans inhibition by CHX (35 mmol/L) whilst Streptococcus mutans was more susceptible, in 0.8 and 8.8 mmol/L, after 10 min to CHX and Dakin's respectively.
CONCLUSION
Replacement of CHX with tested hypochlorite agents showed evident potential and promoted rapid antimicrobial effect.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Effective antimicrobial agents are crucial in controlling pathogen-induced oral infections increasing clinical possibilities to combat oral biofilms. Additionally, CHX substitution with hypochlorite agents could eliminate CHX's adverse effects.
Topics: Chlorine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Agar; Hypochlorous Acid; Anti-Infective Agents; Halogens; Chlorhexidine; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 37606720
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05190-0 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023The aim of this research was to identify the antimicrobial effectiveness of three different mouthwashes on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms.
AIM
The aim of this research was to identify the antimicrobial effectiveness of three different mouthwashes on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2 periodontal disease-causing microorganisms, i.e., , and , were chosen for this investigation. Prior to commencing this research, a variety of branded and commercially obtainable mouthwashes were procured. Three oral rinses, namely HiOra, Hexidine, and Amflor, were chosen for the current research. The subculture of as well as was performed by subjecting them to incubation for 48 to 72 hours at 35-37°C. The disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the extract in opposition to the pathogens tested. The zone of inhibition was calculated in millimeters. The mean value of every sample was documented.
RESULTS
Hexidine oral rinse in pursuit by Amflor as well as HiOra oral rinse exhibited the highest zone of inhibition in opposition to . Actinomycetemcomitans and . The differences amid the groups were statistically significant with a value < 0.001.
CONCLUSION
The current research concluded that amid the three different oral rinses employed in the current research, Hexidine oral rinse exhibited greatest antimicrobial effectiveness versus Amflor and HiOra mouthrinse.
PubMed: 37654410
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_612_22 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Borneol has been successfully employed as a gelling agent for in situ forming gel (ISG). While 40% borneol can regulate drug release, there is interest in novel...
Borneol has been successfully employed as a gelling agent for in situ forming gel (ISG). While 40% borneol can regulate drug release, there is interest in novel approaches to achieve extended drug release, particularly through the incorporation of hydrophobic substances. Herein, triacetin was selected as a hydrophobic additive solvent for doxycycline hyclate (Dox)-loaded 40% borneol-based ISGs in -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which were subsequently evaluated in terms of their physicochemical properties, gel formation morphology, water sensitivity, drug release, and antimicrobial activities. ISG density and viscosity gradually decreased with the triacetin proportion to a viscosity of <12 cPs and slightly influenced the surface tension (33.14-44.33 mN/m). The low expelled force values (1.59-2.39 N) indicated the convenience of injection. All of the prepared ISGs exhibited favorable wettability and plastic deformation. Higher gel firmness from ISG prepared using NMP as a solvent contributed to the ability of more efficient controlled drug release. High triacetin (25%)-loaded ISG retarded solvent diffusion and gel formation, but diminished gel firmness and water sensitivity. ISG containing 5% triacetin efficiently prolonged Dox release up to 10 days with Fickian diffusion and presented effective antimicrobial activities against periodontitis pathogens such as and . Therefore, the Dox-loaded 40% borneol-based ISG with 5% triacetin is a potential effective local ISG for periodontitis treatment.
PubMed: 37504434
DOI: 10.3390/gels9070557 -
Microorganisms Apr 2024The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited...
The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited knowledge on the effects of probiotics in -associated periodontitis. Thus, LA5 (LA5) was orally inoculated for 30 days in C57Bl/6 mice infected with JP2 (Aa) and (Sg). Alveolar bone loss, gingival gene expression, and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. LA5 controlled bone loss in Aa+Sg-infected mice, downregulated the expression of and upregulated in gingival tissues, and altered the oral and gut microbiomes. LA5 increased the diversity of the oral microbiome of Aa+Sg infected mice, and Aa+Sg and Aa+Sg+LA5 oral or gut microbiomes clustered apart. LA5 induced shifts in Aa+Sg infected mice by increasing the abundance of and decreasing in the oral cavity and increasing the abundance of and in the gut. In conclusion, LA5 oral administration controls experimental Aa-associated periodontitis by altering inflammatory gene expression and the oral and gut microbiomes.
PubMed: 38674780
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040836