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Gut Microbes Dec 2023Supplementation with probiotics has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool to manage metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects of a mix of subsp. LA804 and...
Inhibition of intestinal FXR activity as a possible mechanism for the beneficial effects of a probiotic mix supplementation on lipid metabolism alterations and weight gain in mice fed a high fat diet.
Supplementation with probiotics has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool to manage metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects of a mix of subsp. LA804 and LA806 on high-fat (HF) diet -induced metabolic disease in mice. Supplementation with the probiotic mix in HF diet-fed mice (HF-Pr2) reduced weight and fat mass gains, decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, and lowered plasma triglyceride peak during an oral lipid tolerance test. At the molecular level, the probiotic mix protected against HF-induced rise in mRNA levels of genes related to lipid uptake, metabolism, and storage in the liver and white adipose tissues, and strongly decreased mRNA levels of genes related to inflammation in the white adipose tissue and to oxidative stress in the liver. Regarding intestinal homeostasis, the probiotic mix did not prevent HF-induced gut permeability but slightly modified microbiota composition without correcting the dysbiosis induced by the HF diet. Probiotic supplementation also modified the cecal bile acid (BA) profile, leading to an increase in the Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) antagonist/agonist ratio between BA species. In agreement, HF-Pr2 mice exhibited a strong inhibition of FXR signaling pathway in the ileum, which was associated with lipid metabolism protection. This is consistent with recent reports proposing that inhibition of intestinal FXR activity could be a potent mechanism to overcome metabolic disorders. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the probiotic mix evaluated, when administered preventively to HF diet-fed mice could limit obesity and associated lipid metabolism disorders, likely through the inhibition of FXR signaling in the intestinal tract.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Lipid Metabolism; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Weight Gain; Probiotics; Liver; Triglycerides; RNA, Messenger; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 37985749
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281015 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Wall. (EWS) has extensive nutrients and functional active ingredients, which makes it an excellent potential substrate for fermentation. The improvement in the...
Wall. (EWS) has extensive nutrients and functional active ingredients, which makes it an excellent potential substrate for fermentation. The improvement in the antioxidant activity of Wall. juice (EWSJ) fermented by subsp. HN-3 (B.an3) could be attributed to the metabolism and biotransformation of plant-based products by the bacterial strain. To reveal the underlying mechanism, non-targeted metabolomics was applied in this study. After fermentation, the structure of downregulated carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and flavonoids was changed by biotransformation (included four reductions, three hydrolyses, four isomerizations, three deglycosidations, and five other reactions). The structure of these converted upregulated products has a higher antioxidant ability to reduce free radicals than their precursors, such as the flavonoids in the form of hydrolyzed conjugates, amino acids with multiple sulfhydryls or hydroxys, carbohydrates with reactive oxygen on benzene rings and fatty acids with unsaturated bonds, short chains, and glycosides. These findings shed light on the mechanism of the metabolism and biotransformation of EWSJ by B.an3, facilitate the study of the interaction between probiotics and fermented plant-based products, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of -fermented plant products with stronger functional activities.
PubMed: 38540916
DOI: 10.3390/foods13060926 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid tumors and is resistant to immunotherapy. B cells play an essential role in PDAC progression...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid tumors and is resistant to immunotherapy. B cells play an essential role in PDAC progression and immune responses, both locally and systemically. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that microbial compositions inside the tumor, as well as in the oral cavity and the gut, are important factors in shaping the PDAC immune landscape. However, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has not previously been explored in PDAC patients. In this study, we analyzed healthy vermiform appendix (VA) from 20 patients with PDAC and 32 patients with colon diseases by gene expression immune profiling, flow cytometry analysis, and microbiome sequencing. We show that the VA GALT of PDAC patients exhibits markers of increased inflammation and cytotoxic cell activity. In contrast, B cell function is decreased in PDAC VA GALT based on gene expression profiling; B cells express significantly fewer MHC class II surface receptors, whereas plasma cells express the immune checkpoint molecule HLA-G. Additionally, the vermiform appendix microbiome of PDAC patients is enriched with , , and , while certain commensals are depleted. Our findings may suggest impaired B cell function within the GALT of PDAC patients, which could potentially be linked to microbial dysbiosis. Additional investigations are imperative to validate our observations and explore these potential targets of future therapies.
Topics: Humans; Appendix; Dysbiosis; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; HLA-G Antigens
PubMed: 38022530
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230306 -
The Journal of Nutrition Mar 2024Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis DN-173 010/CNCM I-2494 (B. animalis) is a probiotic strain commonly added to yogurt. Yogurt and honey are a popular culinary...
BACKGROUND
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis DN-173 010/CNCM I-2494 (B. animalis) is a probiotic strain commonly added to yogurt. Yogurt and honey are a popular culinary pairing. Honey improves bifidobacteria survival in vitro. However, probiotic survival in yogurt with honey during in vitro digestion has not been investigated.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different honey varietals and concentrations on B. animalis survivability in yogurt through in vitro digestion.
METHODS
Yogurt with honey or control-treated samples underwent in vitro simulated oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. B. animalis cells were enumerated on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium followed by an overlay with a modified selective MRS medium; all underwent anaerobic incubation. B. animalis were enumerated predigestion and after oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. There were 2 study phases: Phase 1 tested 4 honey varietals at 20% wt/wt per 170 g yogurt, and Phase 2 tested 7 dosages of clover honey (20, 14, 10, 9, 8, 6, and 4% wt/wt) per 170 g yogurt.
RESULTS
Similar B. animalis counts were observed between all treatments after oral and gastric digestion (<1 Log colony forming units (CFU)/g probiotic reduction). Higher B. animalis survivability was observed in yogurt with clover honey after exposure to simulated intestinal fluids (∼3.5 Log CFU/g reduction; P < 0.05) compared to all control treatments (∼5.5 Log CFU/g reduction; P < 0.05). Yogurt with 10-20% wt/wt clover honey increased B. animalis survivability after simulated in vitro digestion (≤ ∼4.7 Log CFU/g survival; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Yogurt with added honey improves probiotic survivability during in vitro digestion. The effective dose of clover honey in yogurt was 10-20% wt/wt per serving (1-2 tablespoons per 170 g yogurt) for increased probiotic survivability during in vitro digestion.
Topics: Humans; Bifidobacterium animalis; Yogurt; Honey; Bifidobacterium; Probiotics; Digestion
PubMed: 38219862
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.010 -
BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2024Probiotics are beneficial for animal health and new potential probiotics need to be characterized for their prospective use in improving animal health. In this study, 32...
Characterization of feline-originated probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 and and evaluation of their host response.
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are beneficial for animal health and new potential probiotics need to be characterized for their prospective use in improving animal health. In this study, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from a Norwegian forest cat (castrated, 12 years old) and a Persian cat (castrated, 10 years old), which were privately owned and had indoor access.
RESULTS
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 (CACC612) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 (CACC789) were selected as potential probiotics; characterization of the two strains showed equivalent acid tolerance, similar cell adhesion rates on the HT-29 monolayer cell line, and superior bile tolerance compared to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Subsequently, they exhibited inhibitory effects against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli (KCTC 2617), Salmonella Derby (NCCP 12,238), Salmonella Enteritidis (NCCP 14,546), Salmonella Typhimurium (NCCP 10,328), Clostridium difficile JCM 1296T. From evaluating host effects, the viability of the feline macrophage cell line (Fcwf-4) increased with the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). The induced expression of immune-related genes such as IFN-γ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, and TNF-α by immune stimulation was significantly attenuated by the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). When 52 clinical factors of sera from 21 healthy cats were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the animals were obviously clustered before and after feeding with CACC612 or CACC789. In addition, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly increased after CACC612 feeding (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, feline-originated probiotics were newly characterized and their potentially probiotic effects were evaluated. These results contribute to our understanding of the functional effects of feline-derived probiotics and support their industrial applications.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Bifidobacterium animalis; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Escherichia coli; Probiotics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 38561808
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03975-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Probiotic feed additives have attracted considerable research interest in recent years because the effectiveness of probiotics can differ across microbial strains and...
The Effect of Orally Administered Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation (, ) on the Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Metabolism of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes and Monocytes in Lambs.
Probiotic feed additives have attracted considerable research interest in recent years because the effectiveness of probiotics can differ across microbial strains and the supplemented macroorganisms. The present study was conducted on 16 lambs divided equally into two groups (C-control and E-experimental). The examined lambs were aged 11 days at the beginning of the experiment and 40 days at the end of the experiment. The diet of group E lambs was supplemented with a multi-strain probiotic formulation ( AMT14, AMT4, AMT15, and AMT30), whereas group C lambs did not receive the probiotic additive. At the beginning of the experiment (day 0) and on experimental days 15 and 30, blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine and compare: phagocytic activity (Phagotest) and oxidative metabolism (Phagoburst) of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. An analysis of the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes revealed significantly higher levels of phagocytic activity (expressed as the percentage of phagocytic cells and mean fluorescence intensity) in lambs that were administered the multi-strain probiotic formulation compared with lambs in the control group. The probiotic feed additive also exerted a positive effect on the oxidative metabolism of both granulocytes and monocytes (expressed as the percentage of oxidative metabolism and mean fluorescence intensity) after stimulation with bacteria and with PMA (4-phorbol-12-β-myristate-13-acetate). These findings suggest that the tested probiotic formulation may have a positive effect on the immune status of lambs.
Topics: Animals; Probiotics; Phagocytosis; Monocytes; Sheep; Granulocytes; Administration, Oral; Oxidation-Reduction; Lactobacillus; Animal Feed; Bifidobacterium
PubMed: 38791112
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105068 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2024Twelve strains were isolated from fecal samples of inflammatory bowel disease patients and matched "household control" individuals. These include the species , , , , ,...
Twelve strains were isolated from fecal samples of inflammatory bowel disease patients and matched "household control" individuals. These include the species , , , , , and .
PubMed: 38099679
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00130-23 -
Food Science & Nutrition Oct 2023(Bull.) Murrill is a well-known edible mushroom consumed in nutrition as delicacy. It has been used in traditional medicine because of its beneficial effects on human...
(Bull.) Murrill is a well-known edible mushroom consumed in nutrition as delicacy. It has been used in traditional medicine because of its beneficial effects on human wellness, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potential. The present study determined the phenolic profile of ethanolic extract (LSE) by high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Tolerance of two probiotic bacterial strains 229v, subsp. and probiotic yeast on LSE was analyzed in terms of viability and biofilm formation. Effects of extract on colorectal (HCT-116) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells viability was determined using MTT test in concentration range: 1-500 μg/mL after 24 and 72 h. Redox parameters (superoxide anion radicals, nitrites, and reduced glutathione) were evaluated using NBT, Griess, and GSH assays in the concentration range of 1-500 μg/mL after 24 and 72 h. Antimigratory activity was determined by wound healing method using selected concentrations of 10 and 50 μg/mL after 24 h. Untreated cells were considered as control. As control cell line, we used healthy fibroblasts (MRC-5). Our results demonstrated abundance of LSE in phenolics, with rosmarinic acid as the main component. LSE induced low tolerance of tested planktonic probiotic strains, with no affection on their ability to form biofilm. No significant cytotoxicity on tested cancer cells was observed, with prooxidative and antimigratory effects noticed. Extract exerted significant antimigratory activity on cancer cells without effect on planktonic and probiotic cultures in biofilm. These results indicate potential application of ethanolic extract as natural protector of probiotics with prominent ability to suppress cancer cell motility.
PubMed: 37823160
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3577 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Hyperlipidemia is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is associated with lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Hyperlipidemia is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is associated with lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of 3-month intake of a mixed probiotic formulation in hyperlipidemic patients ( = 27 and 29 in placebo and probiotic groups, respectively). The blood lipid indexes, lipid metabolome, and fecal microbiome before and after the intervention were monitored. Our results showed that probiotic intervention could significantly decrease the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.05), while increasing the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.05) in patients with hyperlipidemia. Probiotic recipients showing improved blood lipid profile also exhibited significant differences in their lifestyle habits after the 3-month intervention, with an increase in daily intake of vegetable and dairy products, as well as weekly exercise time (0.05). Moreover, two blood lipid metabolites (namely, acetyl-carnitine and free carnitine) significantly increased after probiotic supplementation cholesterol (0.05). In addition, probiotic-driven mitigation of hyperlipidemic symptoms were accompanied by increases in beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in patients' fecal microbiota. These results supported that mixed probiotic application could regulate host gut microbiota balance, lipid metabolism, and lifestyle habits, through which hyperlipidemic symptoms could be alleviated. The findings of this study urge further research and development of probiotics into nutraceuticals for managing hyperlipidemia. The human gut microbiota have a potential effect on the lipid metabolism and are closely related to the disease hyperlipidemia. Our trial has demonstrated that 3-month intake of a mixed probiotic formulation alleviates hyperlipidemic symptoms, possibly by modulation of gut microbes and host lipid metabolism. The findings of the present study provide new insights into the treatment of hyperlipidemia, mechanisms of novel therapeutic strategies, and application of probiotics-based therapy.
Topics: Humans; Bifidobacterium animalis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperlipidemias; Life Style; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Probiotics
PubMed: 37022264
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04440-22 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Oct 2023Aim of this work was the development of integrated and complex encapsulating systems that will provide more efficient protection to the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium...
Aim of this work was the development of integrated and complex encapsulating systems that will provide more efficient protection to the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) in comparison to the conventional plain alginate beads. Within the scope of this study, the encapsulation of BB-12 through emulsification followed by external gelation was performed. For this purpose, a variety of alginate-based blends, composed of conventional and novel materials, were used. The results demonstrated that alginate beads incorporating 1% carrageenan or 2% nanocrystalline cellulose provided great protection to the viability of the probiotic bacteria during refrigerated storage (survival rates of 50.3% and 51.1%, respectively), as well as in vitro simulation of the gastrointestinal tract (survival rates of 38.7 and 42.0%, respectively). The incorporation of glycerol into the formulation of the beads improved the protective efficiency of the beads to the BB-12 cells during frozen storage, increasing significantly their viability compared to the plain alginate beads. Beads made of milk, alginate 1%, glucose 5%, and inulin 2% provided the best results in all cases. The microstructure of beads was assessed through SEM analysis and showed absence of free bacteria on the surface of the produced beads. Consequently, the encapsulation of BB-12 through emulsification in a complex encapsulating system was proved successful and effective.
Topics: Synbiotics; Bifidobacterium animalis; Probiotics; Gastrointestinal Tract; Alginates
PubMed: 36173590
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09993-7