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Frontiers in Nutrition 2021Optimal gut motility is central to bowel function and gut health. The link between the gut dysmotility related disorders and dysfunctional-intestinal barriers has led to... (Review)
Review
Optimal gut motility is central to bowel function and gut health. The link between the gut dysmotility related disorders and dysfunctional-intestinal barriers has led to a hypothesis that certain probiotics could help in normalizing gut motility and maintain gut health. This review investigates the roles of subsp. HN019 ( HN019™) on gut health, and its mechanisms of action in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. Research supports the hypothesis that HN019™ has a beneficial role in maintaining intestinal barrier function during gastrointestinal infections by competing and excluding potential pathogens via different mechanisms; maintaining normal tight junction function and regulating host immune defense toward pathogens in both and human studies. This has been observed to lead to reduced incidence of diarrhea. Interestingly, HN019™ also supports normal physiological function in immunosenescent elderly and competes and excludes potential pathogens. Furthermore, HN019™ reduced intestinal transit time and increased bowel movement frequency in functional constipation, potentially by modulating gut-brain-microbiota axis, mainly via serotonin signaling pathway, through short chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation. HN019™ is thus a probiotic that can contribute to relieving gut dysmotility related disorders.
PubMed: 34970580
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790561 -
Gut Microbes 2023Dietary fibers/probiotics may relieve constipation via optimizing gut microbiome, yet with limited trial-based evidences. We aimed to evaluate the effects of formulas... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dietary fibers/probiotics may relieve constipation via optimizing gut microbiome, yet with limited trial-based evidences. We aimed to evaluate the effects of formulas with dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms, and to identify modulations of gut microbiota of relevance. We conducted a 4-week double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial in 250 adults with functional constipation. Intervention: A: polydextrose; B: psyllium husk; C: wheat bran + psyllium husk; D: subsp. HN019 + HN001; Placebo: maltodextrin. Oligosaccharides were also included in group A to D. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to assess the gut microbiota at weeks 0, 2, and 4. A total of 242 participants completed the study. No time-by-group effect was observed for bowel movement frequency (BMF), Bristol stool scale score (BSS), and degree of defecation straining (DDS), while BSS showed mean increases of 0.95-1.05 in group A to D (all < 0.05), but not significantly changed in placebo ( = 0.170), and 4-week change of BSS showed similarly superior effects of the interventions as compared placebo. Group D showed a marginal reduction in plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine. Group A resulted in a higher abundance than placebo at week 2 and 4. Fourteen genera showed intervention-specific increasing or decreasing trends continuously, among which showed increasing trends in groups B and C, associated with BMF increase. Random forest models identified specific baseline microbial genera panels predicting intervention responders. In conclusion, we found that the dietary fibers or probiotics may relieve hard stool, with intervention-specific changes in gut microbiota relevant to constipation relief. Baseline gut microbiota may predispose the intervention responsiveness. number, NCT04667884.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Psyllium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Constipation; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium animalis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37078654
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2197837 -
Nutrients Mar 2020The growing worldwide epidemic of obesity and associated metabolic health comorbidities has resulted in an urgent need for safe and efficient nutritional solutions. The... (Review)
Review
The growing worldwide epidemic of obesity and associated metabolic health comorbidities has resulted in an urgent need for safe and efficient nutritional solutions. The research linking obesity with gut microbiota dysbiosis has led to a hypothesis that certain bacterial strains could serve as probiotics helping in weight management and metabolic health. In the search for such strains, the effect of subsp. 420 (B420) on gut microbiota and metabolic health, and the mechanisms of actions, has been investigated in a variety of in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to highlight the research on B420 related to obesity, metabolic health, and the microbiota. Current research supports the hypothesis that gut dysbiosis leads to an imbalance in the inflammatory processes and loss of epithelial integrity. Bacterial components, like endotoxins, that leak out of the gut can invoke low-grade, chronic, and systemic inflammation. This imbalanced state is often referred to as metabolic endotoxemia. Scientific evidence indicates that B420 can slow down many of these detrimental processes via multiple signaling pathways, as supported by mechanistic in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the connection of these mechanisms to clinical evidence on the effect of B420 in controlling weight gain in overweight and obese subjects. The research further indicates that B420 may improve the epithelial integrity by rebalancing a dysbiotic state induced by an obesogenic diet, for example by increasing the prevalence of lean phenotype microbes such as . We further discuss, in the context of delivering the health benefits of B420: the safety and technological aspects of the strain including genomic characterization, antibiotic resistance profiling, stability in the product, and survival of the live probiotic in the intestine. In summary, we conclude that the clinical and preclinical studies on metabolic health suggest that B420 may be a potential candidate in combating obesity; however, further clinical studies are needed.
Topics: Bifidobacterium animalis; Biomarkers; Dysbiosis; Energy Metabolism; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Health Status; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Immunomodulation; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Probiotics; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32218248
DOI: 10.3390/nu12040892 -
Microbial Biotechnology Mar 2022Obesity and its related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in the world population. In...
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in the world population. In this context, supplementation with the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL1 (CECT8145) has been shown to ameliorate obesity biomarkers. Analyzing the basis of this observation and using the pre-clinical model Caenorhabditis elegans, we have found that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of BPL1 is responsible for its fat-reducing properties and that this attribute is preserved under hyperglycaemic conditions. This fat-reducing capacity of both BPL1 and LTA-BPL1 is abolished under glucose restriction, as a result of changes in LTA chemical composition. Moreover, we have demonstrated that LTA exerts this function through the IGF-1 pathway, as does BPL1 strain. These results open the possibility of using LTA as a novel postbiotic, whose beneficial properties can be applied therapeutically and/or preventively in metabolic syndrome and diabetes-related disorders.
Topics: Adipogenesis; Animals; Bifidobacterium animalis; Caenorhabditis elegans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lipopolysaccharides; Obesity; Probiotics; Teichoic Acids
PubMed: 33620143
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13769 -
Gut Microbes 2018Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) ameliorates chronic idiopathic constipation. Our aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of 28-day... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of 28-day Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 supplementation on colonic transit time and gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with functional constipation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and dose-ranging trial.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) ameliorates chronic idiopathic constipation. Our aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of 28-day supplementation with 1 × 10 or 1 × 10 CFU of HN019/day for constipation. A total of 228 adults who were diagnosed with functional constipation according to the Rome III criteria were randomized in a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Colonic transit time (CTT), the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes that were measured using inventories-patient assessment of constipation symptoms (PAC-SYM) and quality of life (PAC-QoL), bowel function index (BFI), bowel movement frequency (BMF), stool consistency, degree of straining, bowel emptying, bloating, and pain severity-were assessed. Ancillary parameters and harms were also evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the primary or secondary outcomes between interventions. A post hoc analysis of 65 participants with fewer than 3 bowel movements per week (BMF ≤ 3/week) showed a physiologically relevant increase in weekly BMF in the high- (+2.0) and low-dose (+1.7) HN019 groups-by RMANOVA, the HN019 groups with BMF ≤ 3/week, pooled together, had a higher BMF versus placebo (P value = 0.01). Thus, improving low stool frequency could be a target of future interventions with HN019. High-dose HN019 also decreased the degree of straining at Day 28 versus placebo in those with BMF ≤ 3/week (P value = 0.02). Three unlikely related AEs-2 with low-dose HN019 and 1 with placebo-were followed until full recovery. In conclusion, although there were no differences in the primary analysis, HN019 is well tolerated and improves BMF in adults with low stool frequency.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bifidobacterium animalis; Constipation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 29227175
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1412908 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Previous study has discovered that probiotic strains residing in the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Previous study has discovered that probiotic strains residing in the gut play essential roles in host immune regulation. However, few clinical results demonstrated probiotic would actually benefit in attenuating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) along with inflammatory cytokine levels of the T1DM patients and analyzed their gut microbiota profile at the same time. In this clinical trial, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics on HbA1c along with inflammatory cytokine levels of T1DM patients to determine an alternative administration mode for T1DM medication. The probiotics changed T1DM gut microbiota profile will be measured by next-generation sequencing (NGS).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed at China Medical University Hospital. T1DM patients between 6 and 18 years of age were enrolled. 27 patients were administered regular insulin therapy plus capsules containing probiotic strains subsp. AP-32, MH-68, and subsp. CP-9 daily for 6 months, and 29 patients were administered insulin therapy without extra probiotic supplement as placebo group. The variations of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in these patients were analyzed. In addition, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients' stool microbiota were all subjects to NGS analysis.
RESULTS
NGS data showed elevated populations of and in the gut of patients with T1DM who were taking probiotics. Patients with T1DM who were administered probiotics showed significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels compared with the before-intervention levels. The HbA1c levels of the patients also improved after administration of probiotics. The concentrations of IL-8, IL-17, MIP-1β, RANTES, and TNF-α were significantly reduced and were associated with an increased TGF-β1 expression after probiotic intervention. The persistence effect of glycemic control and immunomodulation were observed even 3 months after discontinuation of the probiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
Here, we found that conventional insulin therapy plus probiotics supplementation attenuated T1DM symptoms than receiving insulin treatment only. Probiotics supplementation with insulin treatment changed gut microbiota and revealed better outcome in stabilizing glycemic levels and reducing HbA1c levels in patients with T1DM through beneficial regulation of immune cytokines.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03880760.
Topics: Bifidobacterium animalis; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Probiotics
PubMed: 35299968
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.754401 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Oct 2018This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019-containing probiotic lozenges as... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019-containing probiotic lozenges as adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-one chronic periodontitis patients were recruited and monitored clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically at baseline (before SRP) and 30 and 90 days after SRP. All patients were randomly assigned to a Test (SRP + Probiotic, n = 20) or Control (SRP + Placebo, n = 21) group. The probiotic lozenges were used twice a day for 30 days. The data were statistically analysed.
RESULTS
The Test group presented a decrease in probing pocket depth and a clinical attachment gain significantly higher than those of the Control group at 90 days. The Test group also demonstrated significantly fewer periodontal pathogens of red and orange complexes, as well as lower proinflammatory cytokine levels when compared to the Control group. Only the Test group showed an increase in the number of B. lactis HN019 DNA copies on subgingival biofilm at 30 and 90 days.
CONCLUSION
The use of B. lactis HN019 as an adjunct to SRP promotes additional clinical, microbiological, and immunological benefits in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (NCT03408548).
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Scaling; Humans; Probiotics; Root Planing
PubMed: 30076613
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12995 -
Gastroenterology May 2020Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether administration of a synbiotic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether administration of a synbiotic combination of probiotic and prebiotic agents affected liver fat content, biomarkers of liver fibrosis, and the composition of the fecal microbiome in patients with NAFLD.
METHODS
We performed a double-blind phase 2 trial of 104 patients with NAFLD in the United Kingdom. Participants (mean age, 50.8 ± 12.6 years; 65% men; 37% with diabetes) were randomly assigned to groups given the synbiotic agents (fructo-oligosaccharides, 4 g twice per day, plus Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB-12; n = 55) or placebo (n = 49) for 10-14 months. Liver fat content was measured at the start and end of the study by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and liver fibrosis was determined from a validated biomarker scoring system and vibration-controlled transient elastography. Fecal samples were collected at the start and end of the study, the fecal microbiome were analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Mean baseline and end-of-study magnetic resonance spectroscopy liver fat percentage values were 32.3% ± 24.8% and 28.5% ± 20.1% in the synbiotic group and 31.3% ± 22% and 25.2% ± 17.2% in the placebo group. In the unadjusted intention-to-treat analysis, we found no significant difference in liver fat reduction between groups (β = 2.8; 95% confidence interval, -2.2 to 7.8; P = .30). In a fully adjusted regression model (adjusted for baseline measurement of the outcome plus age, sex, weight difference, and baseline weight), only weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in liver fat (β = 2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.6; P = .03). Fecal samples from patients who received the synbiotic had higher proportions of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium species, and reductions in Oscillibacter and Alistipes species, compared with baseline; these changes were not observed in the placebo group. Changes in the composition of fecal microbiota were not associated with liver fat or markers of fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS
In a randomized trial of patients with NAFLD, 1 year of administration of a synbiotic combination (probiotic and prebiotic) altered the fecal microbiome but did not reduce liver fat content or markers of liver fibrosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT01680640).
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium animalis; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Double-Blind Method; Dysbiosis; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lipids; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oligosaccharides; Proof of Concept Study; Synbiotics; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31987796
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.031 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2021Asthma is a multifactorial disorder, and microbial dysbiosis enhances lung inflammation and asthma-related symptoms. Probiotics have shown anti-inflammatory effects and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Asthma is a multifactorial disorder, and microbial dysbiosis enhances lung inflammation and asthma-related symptoms. Probiotics have shown anti-inflammatory effects and could regulate the gut-lung axis. Thus, a 3-month randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled human trial was performed to investigate the adjunctive efficacy of probiotics in managing asthma. Fifty-five asthmatic patients were randomly assigned to a probiotic group ( = 29; received Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 powder and Symbicort Turbuhaler) and a placebo group ( = 26; received placebo and Symbicort Turbuhaler), and all 55 subjects provided details of their clinical history and demographic data. However, only 31 patients donated a complete set of fecal and blood samples at all three time points for further analysis. Compared with those of the placebo group, co-administering Probio-M8 with Symbicort Turbuhaler significantly decreased the fractional exhaled nitric oxide level at day 30 (= 0.049) and improved the asthma control test score at the end of the intervention (= 0.023). More importantly, the level of alveolar nitric oxide concentration decreased significantly among the probiotic receivers at day 30 (= 0.038), and the symptom relief effect was even more obvious at day 90 (= 0.001). Probiotic co-administration increased the resilience of the gut microbiome, which was reflected by only minor fluctuations in the gut microbiome diversity (> 0.05, probiotic receivers; < 0.05, placebo receivers). Additionally, the probiotic receivers showed significantly changes in some species-level genome bins (SGBs), namely, increases in potentially beneficial species Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium longum, and sp. CAG and decreases in Parabacteroides distasonis and (< 0.05). Compared with that of the placebo group, the gut metabolic potential of probiotic receivers exhibited increased levels of predicted microbial bioactive metabolites (linoleoyl ethanolamide, adrenergic acid, erythronic acid) and serum metabolites (5-dodecenoic acid, tryptophan, sphingomyelin) during/after intervention. Collectively, our results suggested that co-administering Probio-M8 synergized with conventional therapy to alleviate diseases associated with the gut-lung axis, like asthma, possibly via activating multiple anti-inflammatory pathways. The human gut microbiota has a potential effect on the pathogenesis of asthma and is closely related to the disease phenotype. Our trial has demonstrated that co-administering Probio-M8 synergized with conventional therapy to alleviate asthma symptoms. The findings of the present study provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma, mechanisms of novel therapeutic strategies, and application of probiotics-based therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Bifidobacterium animalis; Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate Drug Combination; Double-Blind Method; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Placebos; Probiotics; Young Adult
PubMed: 34612663
DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00859-21 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2020The pathogenesis of infant colic is poorly defined. Gut microbiota seems to be involved, supporting the potential therapeutic role of probiotics. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The pathogenesis of infant colic is poorly defined. Gut microbiota seems to be involved, supporting the potential therapeutic role of probiotics.
AIMS
To assess the rate of infants with a reduction of ≥50% of mean daily crying duration after 28 days of intervention with the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12). Secondary outcomes were daily number of crying episodes, sleeping time, number of bowel movements and stool consistency.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) on otherwise healthy exclusively breastfed infants with infant colic randomly allocated to receive BB-12 (1 × 10 CFU/day) or placebo for 28 days. Gut microbiota structure and butyrate, beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), cathelicidin (LL-37), secretory IgA (sIgA) and faecal calprotectin levels were assessed.
RESULTS
Eighty infants were randomised, 40/group. The rate of infants with reduction of ≥50% of mean daily crying duration was higher in infants treated with BB-12, starting from the end of 2nd week. No infant relapsed when treatment was stopped. The mean number of crying episodes decreased in both groups, but with a higher effect in BB-12 group (-4.7 ± 3.4 vs -2.3 ± 2.2, P < 0.05). Mean daily stool frequency decreased in both groups but the effect was significantly higher in the BB-12 group; stool consistency was similar between the two groups. An increase in Bifidobacterium abundance (with significant correlation with crying time reduction), butyrate and HBD-2, LL-37, sIgA levels associated with a decrease in faecal calprotectin level were observed in the BB-12 group.
CONCLUSIONS
Supplementation with BB-12 is effective in managing infant colic. The effect could derive from immune and non-immune mechanisms associated with a modulation of gut microbiota structure and function.
Topics: Bifidobacterium animalis; Breast Feeding; Colic; Crying; Defecation; Double-Blind Method; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant; Infant Care; Male; Placebos; Probiotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31797399
DOI: 10.1111/apt.15561