-
PloS One 2023In 2021, 25 million children worldwide did not receive full basic childhood vaccinations, the highest figure in over a decade. There are large variations between...
BACKGROUND
In 2021, 25 million children worldwide did not receive full basic childhood vaccinations, the highest figure in over a decade. There are large variations between countries in vaccination coverage. Globally, the lifetime prevalence of domestic violence among ever-partnered women is 30%. Exposure to domestic violence affects both maternal and child health. However, there is limited contemporary evidence on whether children born to women who are exposed to domestic violence are any more or less likely to be vaccinated.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 7 West African countries (Benin, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between women's lifetime experience of any emotional, physical and/or sexual domestic violence and whether her most-recent born child aged 12-35 months old had received a full complement of basic childhood vaccinations (covering tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and measles).
RESULTS
Data from 9,104 mother-child pairs was analysed (range 480 from Senegal to 3,230 from Nigeria). Overall, 47% of children were fully vaccinated (range 31% in Nigeria to 81% in The Gambia). 41% of women reported any experience of domestic violence (range 20% in Senegal to 54% in Sierra Leone). After adjustment for a range of child, maternal, household and partner-level variables, children born to women who reported experience of domestic violence were no more or less likely to be fully vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.90-1.17). There was some evidence that the association may vary by country; in Sierra Leone, children born to women who reported experience of domestic violence were significantly less likely to be fully vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio = 0.62, 95%CI 0.44-0.88).
CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant association between a woman's exposure to domestic violence and whether her child was fully vaccinated. Further work is needed to understand the contextual factors which may explain potential variations between countries.
Topics: Humans; Female; Infant; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Liberia; Vaccination Coverage; Demography; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37917734
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293900 -
PloS One 2023The study aimed to examine the effect of witnessing inter-parental violence and experiencing childhood abuse on victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) after...
PURPOSE
The study aimed to examine the effect of witnessing inter-parental violence and experiencing childhood abuse on victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) after marriage among adolescent and young girls.
METHOD
Data were drawn from the second wave of the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey (2018-2019). The sample size was 5480 married adolescent and young girls aged 13-23 years. The outcome variable of the study was the victimization of IPV. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed.
RESULT
A total of 39% of married adolescent and young girls experienced physical violence, followed by sexual violence (35%) and emotional violence (28%) by their partner. Around 30% of respondents witnessed inter-parental violence, and 32% of the participants were beaten by their parents during childhood. Participants who had witnessed inter-parental violence were significantly correlated with experiencing childhood abuse, and this association was positively correlated with exposure to IPV in adolescence and young adulthood. Further, the parameter estimates of the indicators of IPV were highest for emotional violence (1.10) followed by physical violence (1.00) and sexual violence (0.62). Witnessing inter-parental violence significantly increases parents' physical violence to adolescents and young adult girls (β = 0.49, P<0.001, CI: 0.47-0.51). No tie between witnessing inter-parental violence and childhood abuse mediates their effect on later victimization of IPV.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that witnessing inter-parental violence is a strong risk factor for IPV victimization among adolescent and young adult girls. Our findings advocate prerequisite collaborative effort with multiple service providers for greater empowerment at national, state, community, and family levels to achieve SDG goals pertaining to eliminating violence against women.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Female; Child; Adult; Violence; Child Abuse; Crime Victims; Intimate Partner Violence; Risk Factors; Parents
PubMed: 38153957
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283175 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Dec 2023Child maltreatment and harsh parenting both include harmful actions by parents toward children that are physical (e.g., spanking, slapping) or emotional (e.g.,... (Review)
Review
Child maltreatment and harsh parenting both include harmful actions by parents toward children that are physical (e.g., spanking, slapping) or emotional (e.g., threatening, yelling). The distinction between these two constructs, in meaning and measurement, is often unclear, leading to inconsistent research and policy. This study systematically identified, reviewed, and compared parent-reported child maltreatment ( = 7) and harsh parenting ( = 18) instruments. The overlap in parenting behaviors was 73%. All physical behaviors that were measured in harsh parenting instruments (e.g., spanking, beating up) were also measured in child maltreatment instruments. Unique physical behaviors measured in maltreatment instruments include twisting body parts and choking. All emotional behaviors in maltreatment instruments were included in harsh parenting instruments, and vice versa. Our findings suggest similar, but not identical, operationalizations of child maltreatment and harsh parenting. Our findings can help guide discussions on definitions, operationalizations, and their consequences for research on violence against children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Parenting; Child Abuse; Violence; Parents
PubMed: 36437787
DOI: 10.1177/15248380221134290 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Sep 2023Women across the globe are at risk of physical or sexual abuse by an intimate partner or other offender. Violence against women can lead to physical injuries, impaired... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Women across the globe are at risk of physical or sexual abuse by an intimate partner or other offender. Violence against women can lead to physical injuries, impaired mental health, and specific chronic diseases. In some cases, such types of violence can even result in disability or death for some victims.
OBJETIVE
To identify the factors that cause domestic violence in women of Guanajuato.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Prospective, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. 325 patients of 18 years or older who were literate and visited a third level hospital were included. The Scale of Violence in Couple Relations with a Likert-type response was administered. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages of all variables, chi-square test, and bivariate analysis were used.
RESULTS
Of 325 women of 36 (30-46) years of age, 214 (65.8%) were married. The majority were high school graduates, 152 (46.8%). 52% of women reported having experienced domestic violence at least once. Knowing the existence of a domestic violence protection law produced an OR 0.34 (0.20-0.57), p-0.001 and knowing the meaning of domestic violence gave an OR 0.35 (0.21-0.58 ), p<0.001.
CONCLUSIONS
A high percentage of women reported having experienced domestic violence at least once. The determinants of violence were similar in women with and without exposure to it. Protective factors were knowledge of the law and the meaning of domestic violence.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Prevalence; Domestic Violence; Sex Offenses; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38011591
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Open Apr 2024In the UK, a range of support services and interventions are available to people who have experienced or perpetrated domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA).... (Review)
Review
Trends in outcomes used to measure the effectiveness of UK-based support interventions and services targeted at adults with experience of domestic and sexual violence and abuse: a scoping review.
OBJECTIVES
In the UK, a range of support services and interventions are available to people who have experienced or perpetrated domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA). However, it is currently not clear which outcomes and outcome measures are used to assess their effectiveness. The objective of this review is to summarise, map and identify trends in outcome measures in evaluations of DSVA services and interventions in the UK.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, ASSIA, IBSS, Sociological abstracts and SSCI electronic databases were searched from inception until 21 June 2022. Grey literature sources were identified and searched.
ELIGIBILITY
We included randomised controlled trials, non-randomised comparative studies, pre-post studies and service evaluations, with at least one outcome relating to the effectiveness of the support intervention or service for people who have experienced and/or perpetrated DSVA. Outcomes had to be assessed at baseline and at least one more time point, or compared with a comparison group.
CHARTING METHODS
Outcome measures were extracted, iteratively thematically grouped into categories, domains and subdomains, and trends were explored.
RESULTS
80 studies reporting 87 DSVA interventions or services were included. A total of 426 outcome measures were extracted, of which 200 were used more than once. The most commonly reported outcome subdomain was DSVA perpetration. Cessation of abuse according to the Severity of Abuse Grid was the most common individual outcome. Analysis of temporal trends showed that the number of studies and outcomes used has increased since the 1990s.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight inconsistencies between studies in outcome measurement. The increase in the number of studies and variety of measures suggests that as evaluation of DSVA services and interventions matures, there is an increased need for a core of common, reliable metrics to aid comparability.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
https://osf.io/frh2e.
Topics: Humans; United Kingdom; Sex Offenses; Domestic Violence; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Adult
PubMed: 38688671
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074452 -
Violence Against Women Dec 2023This study provides evidence that rates of domestic violence (DV) run considerably higher in the lives of heterosexual women who identify as partners of sex addicts...
This study provides evidence that rates of domestic violence (DV) run considerably higher in the lives of heterosexual women who identify as partners of sex addicts (PSAs) than in the general population. Data collected from 558 survey participants, from a variety of high-income nations, revealed that 92.1% had ever experienced any form of DV perpetrated by their partner and 57.7% had experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence with their partner. The study also tests several hypotheses about sex addiction behaviors and PSA intimate partner violence (IPV), to help those working with these populations understand what factors may be contributing to, or mitigating, these women's experiences of violence.
Topics: Humans; Female; Heterosexuality; Prevalence; Domestic Violence; Intimate Partner Violence; Sexual Partners; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37697815
DOI: 10.1177/10778012231199111 -
JAMA Mar 2024
Topics: Child; Humans; Child Abuse
PubMed: 38502084
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.0899 -
Child Maltreatment Aug 2023The link between children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment is well established; however, less is known about the impact children's...
The link between children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment is well established; however, less is known about the impact children's presence may have on domestic violence disputes. This study investigated the role of children's presence in IPV police calls using data ( = 2709) from supplementary reports provided by an Ontario, Canada police force, one-third of which led to criminal charges ( = 909). When children were present: charges were less likely to be laid; the accused's emotional state was more likely to be rated by police as calm and the accused was less likely to be identified as using alcohol and/or drugs at the time of the call; and victim support interventions were more likely to be offered and accepted. Findings were considered in the context of when charges were laid versus not laid. Implications for police and support service interventions were discussed.
Topics: Humans; Child; Police; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Intimate Partner Violence; Emotions
PubMed: 36541913
DOI: 10.1177/10775595221147315 -
Cureus Dec 2023Background Transgender people experience violence in various forms, primarily domestic violence. The aim of this study was to examine transgender people's experiences of...
Background Transgender people experience violence in various forms, primarily domestic violence. The aim of this study was to examine transgender people's experiences of domestic violence and their coping methods. Materials and methods This study was conducted using the phenomenological method, one of the five basic qualitative research methods, with 20 transgender participants who applied to Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey, to start the gender-affirming treatment process. The participants comprised 19 transgender men and 1 transgender woman. A semi-structured interview form was used for data collection. The average interview duration was 75.7 minutes. Audio recordings were used in the interviews, which were then transcribed. The obtained data set was subjected to content analysis. Results As a result of the content analysis, three themes emerged: being a transgender individual and the family, experiences of domestic violence, and methods of coping. According to the study results, the participants had experienced domestic violence of different dimensions, primarily psychological violence. Defined gender roles and societal expectations were determined to trigger violent behaviors. The most frequently used coping methods were giving a direct reaction, seeking instrumental-social support, and ignoring the incidents. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that transgender people experience domestic violence at a high rate and that transphobic behaviors are triggered by societal norms. Our results are particularly noteworthy for clinicians regarding the importance of family support and accurate information for transgender people and the coping methods they use most.
PubMed: 38111810
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50730 -
Violence Against Women Oct 2023This article reports on a qualitative study exploring victim-survivors' and social responders' experiences of Insight Exchange, an Australian-based...
Transformative Social Responses to Domestic, Family, and Sexualized Violence: A Qualitative Exploration of Insight Exchange, a Victim-Survivor-Centered Initiative Informed by Response-Based Practice.
This article reports on a qualitative study exploring victim-survivors' and social responders' experiences of Insight Exchange, an Australian-based victim-survivor-centered initiative informed by the center for response-based practice. This study involved 51 participants who completed an online survey ( = 43 social responders, = 8 victim-survivors) and 16 participants ( = 12 social responders, = 4 victim-survivors) who participated in semistructured interviews. The findings indicate that Insight Exchange has supported social responders to improve the quality of their responses to victim-survivors of violence. Victim-survivors reported on the value of Insight Exchange, which emphasized their resistance and responses to violence and abuse.
Topics: Humans; Australia; Survivors; Violence; Intimate Partner Violence; Qualitative Research; Domestic Violence
PubMed: 37461394
DOI: 10.1177/10778012231186812