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British Dental Journal Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Dentistry
PubMed: 36765222
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5522-5 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Sep 1998
Topics: Domestic Violence; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Male
PubMed: 9754495
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02810.x -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Feb 2022Domestic violence (DV) against infertile women is an important health concern affecting their well-being. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Domestic violence (DV) against infertile women is an important health concern affecting their well-being. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of DV against infertile women. The study was done based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. Various international electronic databases were utilised in order to retrieve the necessary data. Articles were included if they were cross-sectional studies published in English and in Persian journals and investigated the prevalence of DV against infertile women up to May 2020. Out of 630 studies, 26 cross-sectional studies were systematically reviewed, from which 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The experiences of DV varied widely among the infertile women (14.987-88.918%). The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of DV stood at 47.163% (95% Confidence Interval: 34.660-59.850). Psychological and emotional violence were among the most common types of violence. Considering the high rate of DV, it is recommended that policymakers address the issue by providing supportive care to such vulnerable populations, including educational and counselling services.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Prevalence
PubMed: 35299802
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.5.2021.075 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Nov 2022Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as... (Review)
Review
Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as gendered, exemplifying hegemonic masculinity and associated violence, with the link between sporting culture and violence against women well recognised. This paper reports on a systematic review of empirical research literature exploring the link between major sporting events and incidence of DV. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Proquest Central databases from inception to December 2020 for quantitative studies examining major sports events and reports of DV using a pre-post comparison design. Study quality was assessed using the Kmet quality assessment tool. The review identified 1445 records following duplicate removal. Once screened and assessed for eligibility, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results are presented qualitatively due to the heterogeneity across studies. Most studies originated in North America and the United Kingdom, used police records as their data source for measuring incidences of DV and few looked beyond the day of the sports event for recorded incidences of DV. Studies reviewed suggested that there is an association between certain major sports events and increased reporting of DV. However, studies' findings conflicted with regards to whether increases were associated with contact sports, the rivalry between competing teams, whether the events were emotionally salient and whether alcohol was a contributing factor. In conclusion, there is limited research globally. Heterogeneity and conflicting findings mean that more research is needed to understand the associations and inform community prevention/interventions to address DV.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Domestic Violence; Police; Sports; United Kingdom; Masculinity
PubMed: 36129100
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14028 -
JAMA Pediatrics Nov 2018Early adversity is associated with leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality and effects on life opportunities.
IMPORTANCE
Early adversity is associated with leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality and effects on life opportunities.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an updated prevalence estimate of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the United States using a large, diverse, and representative sample of adults in 23 states.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Data were collected through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual, nationally representative telephone survey on health-related behaviors, health conditions, and use of preventive services, from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014. Twenty-three states included the ACE assessment in their BRFSS. Respondents included 248 934 noninstitutionalized adults older than 18 years. Data were analyzed from March 15 to April 25, 2017.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The ACE module consists of 11 questions collapsed into the following 8 categories: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, household mental illness, household substance use, household domestic violence, incarcerated household member, and parental separation or divorce. Lifetime ACE prevalence estimates within each subdomain were calculated (range, 1.00-8.00, with higher scores indicating greater exposure) and stratified by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, annual household income, educational attainment, employment status, sexual orientation, and geographic region.
RESULTS
Of the 214 157 respondents included in the sample (51.51% female), 61.55% had at least 1 and 24.64% reported 3 or more ACEs. Significantly higher ACE exposures were reported by participants who identified as black (mean score, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.62-1.76), Hispanic (mean score, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.70-1.91), or multiracial (mean score, 2.52; 95% CI, 2.36-2.67), those with less than a high school education (mean score, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.88-2.05), those with income of less than $15 000 per year (mean score, 2.16; 95% CI, 2.09-2.23), those who were unemployed (mean score, 2.30; 95% CI, 2.21-2.38) or unable to work (mean score, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.25-2.42), and those identifying as gay/lesbian (mean score 2.19; 95% CI, 1.95-2.43) or bisexual (mean score, 3.14; 95% CI, 2.82-3.46) compared with those identifying as white, those completing high school or more education, those in all other income brackets, those who were employed, and those identifying as straight, respectively. Emotional abuse was the most prevalent ACE (34.42%; 95% CI, 33.81%-35.03%), followed by parental separation or divorce (27.63%; 95% CI, 27.02%-28.24%) and household substance abuse (27.56%; 95% CI, 27.00%-28.14%).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This report demonstrates the burden of ACEs among the US adult population using the largest and most diverse sample to date. These findings highlight that childhood adversity is common across sociodemographic characteristics, but some individuals are at higher risk of experiencing ACEs than others. Although identifying and treating ACE exposure is important, prioritizing primary prevention of ACEs is critical to improve health and life outcomes throughout the lifespan and across generations.
Topics: Adult; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Black or African American; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Domestic Violence; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 30242348
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2537 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Domestic violence (DV) is an important public health topic with a high prevalence in society. Dentists are also frontline responders to DV, as they not only treat... (Review)
Review
Domestic violence (DV) is an important public health topic with a high prevalence in society. Dentists are also frontline responders to DV, as they not only treat victims of DV with dental injuries, but they can also screen for the presence of DV because they see patients for regular check-ups. Using the WHO definition, which describes domestic violence as intimate partner violence, 17 papers could be included in our analyses. The results of this review clearly indicated that although dentists, as members of the health care sector, are important frontline responders to DV, they are neither trained adequately at medical school nor do most feel competent enough to ask victims about DV or support them as needed. DV is often not taught at dentistry schools at all. The aims of this review were to provide an overview of existing literature on dentists' knowledge and beliefs regarding DV, whether and how DV is taught in medical education and to give recommendations on how to improve the education of dentists on this topic. Based on our findings, we recommend that DV education should be mandatory at dentistry schools and in further training for dentists with a focus on communication with victims, how DV can be identified and how to support victims well.
Topics: Dentists; Domestic Violence; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 35410043
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074361 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Oct 2020
Topics: Battered Women; COVID-19; Causality; Domestic Violence; Economic Factors; Female; Humans; India; Intimate Partner Violence; Needs Assessment; Psychosocial Deprivation; SARS-CoV-2; Social Support; Social Work, Psychiatric; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 32574942
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102227 -
Reproductive Health Aug 2015Violence against women is now widely recognized as a serious human right abuse, and an important public health problem with substantial consequences physical, mental,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Violence against women is now widely recognized as a serious human right abuse, and an important public health problem with substantial consequences physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Data on systematic review of domestic violence are needed to support policy and program recommendations. Therefore, the overall purpose of this systematic review was to assess magnitude of domestic violence against women and associated factors in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Studies systematically reviewed in Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 2000 to 2014. Systematic review was employed on published research works from databases such as Pubmed, popline, Hinari, and Google using key words. We also consulted public health experts. Community based studies with a study population (15-49 years) were included for review. Thirteen peer reviewed papers and two consecutive Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2005 and 2011) were included to the systematic review. Twenty seven available in open access journals were retrieved and assessed based on the criteria's such as community based study, cross sectional study design, clearly report prevalence and associated factors were included in the systematic review work. Finally, 15 papers were included in this review.
RESULTS
Lifetime prevalence of domestic violence against women by husband or intimate partner among 10 studies ranged from 20 to 78 %. The lifetime domestic physical violence by husband or intimate partner against women ranged from 31 to 76.5 %. The life time domestic sexual violence against women by husband or intimate partner ranged from 19.2 to 59 %. The mean life time prevalence of domestic emotional violence was 51.7 %. Significant number of women experienced violence during their pregnancy period. Domestic violence against women significantly associated with alcohol consumption, chat chewing, family history of violence, occupation, religion, educational status, residence and decision making power.
CONCLUSION
Domestic violence against women was relatively high in different parts of Ethiopia. Domestic violence has direct relationship with sociodemographic characteristics of the victim as well as perpetrator. Therefore, appropriate health promotion information activities needed to tackle associated factors of domestic violence against women or to prevent and control the problem to save women from being victim.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Domestic Violence; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors; Women
PubMed: 26319026
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-015-0072-1 -
Violence Against Women Jun 2023This article looks at how contemporary Italian films address issues of the tragedy and horror of domestic abuse and attempt to create a space for reflection and change....
This article looks at how contemporary Italian films address issues of the tragedy and horror of domestic abuse and attempt to create a space for reflection and change. Ferzan Ozpetek's 2008, Andrès Arce Maldonado's 2017 Ivano De Matteo's (2016) () ultimately challenge the perception of domestic violence as a fixed and unchangeable condition for women. The films explore how female solidarity, empathy, and care can serve as pathways to combatting the isolation, guilt, and associated emotions that prevent women from seeking or finding .
Topics: Female; Humans; Domestic Violence; Emotions; Empathy
PubMed: 36916224
DOI: 10.1177/10778012231162036 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Nov 2022Within the United Kingdom, domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is the most commonly identified factor within child in need assessments, with rates increasing in recent... (Review)
Review
Within the United Kingdom, domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is the most commonly identified factor within child in need assessments, with rates increasing in recent years in addition to 'lockdown'-related spikes. This article examines the representation of DVA in local child safeguarding policies using Bacchi's (2009) 'What is the problem represented to be?' approach. Policies were collected from the websites of all the child safeguarding partnerships of England in July 2021. In total, we identified 59 policies. These policies are designed to guide local responses to DVA across services and thus have potential for substantial impact on practice across health and social care. Our results suggest that local DVA policy in England exists within a conceptual framework which spotlights the individual and lacks attention to their context. We argue that these policies focus on adults, neglecting attention to children within their own safeguarding policies. This is through children being peripheralized within the conceptualisation of 'victim' and the assessed adult risk being used as a proxy measure for the risk to child. Demographic discussions build an image of DVA as an issue that can affect anyone, but with little acknowledgement of the vulnerabilities facing proportions of the population and their complexities - when such vulnerabilities are discussed, they are individualised and viewed in absence of their societal causes, potentially eclipsing critical elements of a child's experience of DVA. The implications of our results are wide-ranging but suggest a need to refocus on children and their context within local DVA policy.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; United Kingdom; Social Support; Policy
PubMed: 36282145
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14086