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Annual Review of Nutrition Aug 2023Together, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates.... (Review)
Review
Together, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis, cognition, the acute stress response, and exercise capacity. Although this review focuses mostly on the regulation of energy metabolism by osteocalcin, it also touches on its other functions. Lastly, it proposes what could be a common theme between the functions of osteocalcin and between these functions and the structural functions of bone.
Topics: Animals; Male; Biological Transport; Cognition; Energy Metabolism; Osteocalcin; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute; Humans
PubMed: 37603430
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091348 -
Cell Aug 2023Male sexual behavior is innate and rewarding. Despite its centrality to reproduction, a molecularly specified neural circuit governing innate male sexual behavior and...
Male sexual behavior is innate and rewarding. Despite its centrality to reproduction, a molecularly specified neural circuit governing innate male sexual behavior and reward remains to be characterized. We have discovered a developmentally wired neural circuit necessary and sufficient for male mating. This circuit connects chemosensory input to BNSTpr neurons, which innervate POA neurons that project to centers regulating motor output and reward. Epistasis studies demonstrate that BNSTpr neurons are upstream of POA neurons, and BNSTpr-released substance P following mate recognition potentiates activation of POA neurons through Tacr1 to initiate mating. Experimental activation of POA neurons triggers mating, even in sexually satiated males, and it is rewarding, eliciting dopamine release and self-stimulation of these cells. Together, we have uncovered a neural circuit that governs the key aspects of innate male sexual behavior: motor displays, drive, and reward.
Topics: Animals; Male; Neurons; Reward; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Mice; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 37572660
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.021 -
ELife Nov 2023A genetic duplication event during evolution allowed male wood tiger moths to have either yellow or white patterns on their wings.
A genetic duplication event during evolution allowed male wood tiger moths to have either yellow or white patterns on their wings.
Topics: Male; Animals; Gene Duplication; Lepidoptera
PubMed: 37917141
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92763 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Stress and infertility form a complex relationship. In line with this, various stress-related biological markers have been investigated in infertility.
INTRODUCTION
Stress and infertility form a complex relationship. In line with this, various stress-related biological markers have been investigated in infertility.
METHODS
This systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines (i) to report whether cortisol is highly present in infertile patients compared to fertile control; (ii) to report whether there is any significant difference in the cortisol level in infertile subjects that conceive and those that didn't at the end of assisted reproduction treatments. Original articles involving human (male and female) as subjects were extracted from four electronic databases, including the list of references from the published papers. Sixteen original full-length articles involving male (4), female (11), and both genders (1) were included.
RESULTS
Findings from studies that compared the cortisol level between infertile and fertile subjects indicate that (i) Male: three studies reported elevated cortisol level in infertile patients and one found no significant difference; (ii) Female: four studies reported increased cortisol level in infertile subjects and three studies found no significant difference. Findings from studies that measured the cortisol level from infertile patients that conceived and those that didn't indicate that (i) Male: one study reported no significant difference; (ii) Female: one study reported elevated cortisol in infertile patients that conceived, whereas two studies reported increased cortisol in infertile patients that was unable to conceive. Five studies found no significant difference between the groups.
DISCUSSION
In the present review we only included the cortisol value that was measured prior to stimulation or IVF treatment or during natural or spontaneous cycles, despite this, there are still variations in the sampling period, assessment techniques and patients' characteristics. Hence, at present, we are still unable to conclude that cortisol is significantly elevated in infertile patients. We warrant future studies to standardize the time of biological sample collection and other limitations that were addressed in the review to negate the unwanted influencing factors.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Hydrocortisone; Infertility; Fertilization; Fertility
PubMed: 37455908
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147306 -
Current Nutrition Reports Dec 2023Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting an association between nutrition and male... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting an association between nutrition and male fertility. Here, we have highlighted the impact of the various food groups on reproductive hormones and on spermatogenesis, and the effects of classical and latest dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet, Western diet, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, and vegan/vegetarian diet on male fertility.
RECENT FINDINGS
Nutrients are the precursors of molecules involved in various body's reactions; therefore, their balance is essential to ensure the correct regulation of different systems including the endocrine system. Hormones are strongly influenced by the nutritional status of the individual, and their alteration can lead to dysfunctions or diseases like infertility. In addition, nutrients affect sperm production and spermatogenesis, controlling sexual development, and maintaining secondary sexual characteristics and behaviors. The consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, processed meats, dairy products, sugars, alcohol, and caffeine importantly impact on male fertility. Among dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet and the Western diet are most strongly associated with the quality of semen. Nutrients, dietary patterns, and hormonal levels have an impact on male infertility. Therefore, understanding how these factors interact with each other is important for strategies to improve male fertility.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Semen Analysis; Seeds; Diet, Mediterranean; Fertility; Hormones
PubMed: 37861951
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00503-x -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Hysterectomy; Salpingectomy; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 38018743
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Male; Fournier Gangrene; Skin; Skin Diseases; Perineum
PubMed: 37748781
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230658-f -
Lakartidningen Aug 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37606003
DOI: No ID Found -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Feb 2024Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a unique, rare clinical and histological dermatologic entity described mainly in a setting of immunosuppression. It is caused by a...
Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a unique, rare clinical and histological dermatologic entity described mainly in a setting of immunosuppression. It is caused by a novel human polymoavirus, TS-associated polyomavirus. Reduction of immunosuppression and/or anti-viral therapy is the main therapeutic strategies used to treat such cases. We report a biopsy-proven case of TS in a male renal transplant patient who presented to a dermatology outpatient clinic in Montreal, Canada, in 2015. He was managed with valgancyclovir with no obvious response. Subsequently, a trial of topical imiquimod was commenced. Awareness of TS can prompt early diagnosis and management to prevent possible complications.
Topics: Humans; Male; Biopsy; Canada; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 38434466
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.5.2023.035 -
ELife Jun 2023Studying fossils from a mass-mortality event reveals evidence for sexual dimorphism and, unusually, equal numbers of males and females in a herd of dinosaurs.
Studying fossils from a mass-mortality event reveals evidence for sexual dimorphism and, unusually, equal numbers of males and females in a herd of dinosaurs.
Topics: Female; Male; Animals; Sex Characteristics; Dinosaurs; Fossils
PubMed: 37314305
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.89158