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The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Sep 2020Unintended pregnancy is a global public health problem. Despite a variety of female contraceptive options, male contraceptive options are limited to the condom and... (Review)
Review
Unintended pregnancy is a global public health problem. Despite a variety of female contraceptive options, male contraceptive options are limited to the condom and vasectomy. Condoms have high failure rates and surgical vasectomy is not reliably reversible. There is a global need and desire for novel male contraceptive methods. Hormonal methods have progressed the furthest in clinical development and androgen plus progestin formulations hold promise as a marketable, reversible male contraceptive over the next decade. Investigators have tested androgen plus progestin approaches using oral, transdermal, subdermal, and injectable drug formulations and demonstrated the short-term safety and reversibility of hormonal male contraception. The most commonly reported side effects associated with hormonal male contraception include weight gain, acne, slight suppression of serum high-density cholesterol, mood changes, and changes in libido. Efficacy trials of hormonal male contraceptives have demonstrated contraceptive efficacy rates greater than that of condoms. Although there has been less progression in the development of nonhormonal male contraceptives, potentially reversible vaso-occlusive methods are currently in clinical trials in some countries. Various studies have confirmed both men and women's desire for novel male contraceptives. Barriers to development include an absence of investment from pharmaceutical companies, concerns regarding side effects and spermatogenic rebound with hormonal methods, and lack of clear reversibility and proven effectiveness of nonhormonal methods. The ultimate availability of male contraceptives could have an important impact on decreasing global unintended pregnancy rates (currently 40% of all pregnancies) and will be a step towards reproductive justice and greater equity in family planning.
Topics: Contraception; Family Planning Services; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33005125
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Mar 2021The paper reviews the relations between sex and brain in light of the binary conceptualization of these relations and the challenges posed to it by the 'mosaic'... (Review)
Review
The paper reviews the relations between sex and brain in light of the binary conceptualization of these relations and the challenges posed to it by the 'mosaic' hypothesis. Recent formulations of the binary framework range from arguing that the typical male brain is different from the typical female brain to claiming that brains are typically male or female because brain structure can be used to predict the sex category (female/male) of the brain's owner. These formulations are challenged by evidence that sex effects on the brain may be opposite under different conditions, that human brains are comprised of mosaics of female-typical and male-typical features, and that sex category explains only a small part of the variability in human brain structure. These findings led to a new, non-binary, framework, according to which mosaic brains reside in a multi-dimensional space that cannot meaningfully be reduced to a male-female continuum or to a binary variable. This framework may also apply to sex-related variables and has implications for research.
Topics: Brain; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Sex Factors
PubMed: 33440198
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.018 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Jan 2017Cordyceps sinensis has various biological and pharmacological functions, and it has been claimed as a tonic supplement for sexual and reproductive dysfunctions for a... (Review)
Review
Cordyceps sinensis has various biological and pharmacological functions, and it has been claimed as a tonic supplement for sexual and reproductive dysfunctions for a long time in oriental society. In this article, the in vitro and in vivo effects of C. sinensis and cordycepin on mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis are briefly described, the stimulatory mechanisms are summarized, and the recent findings related to the alternative substances regulating male reproductive functions are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cordyceps; Deoxyadenosines; Male; Reproduction
PubMed: 28911537
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.020 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia
PubMed: 36975034
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001421 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2022An increasing number of individuals openly identify as non-binary (i.e., not exclusively female or male). Accordingly, psychological research on non-binary identities... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of individuals openly identify as non-binary (i.e., not exclusively female or male). Accordingly, psychological research on non-binary identities has expanded rapidly. We review key insights from this growing literature, first examining work that has demonstrated links between beliefs about the true nature of gender and/or sex (gender/sex) and feelings toward non-binary people. We also review research on non-binary people's self-concepts, which has shown the inadequacy of binary-focused gender/sex measurement practices for effectively studying non-binary people's lives and has suggested treating gender/sex as multidimensional. Then, we consider scholarship on non-binary people's wellbeing, including work exploring sources of joy and pleasure in non-binary people's lives (e.g., gender euphoria). Finally, we discuss recent advances in gender-inclusive theories and methods.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Emotions
PubMed: 36401906
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101499 -
ELife Nov 2023A genetic duplication event during evolution allowed male wood tiger moths to have either yellow or white patterns on their wings.
A genetic duplication event during evolution allowed male wood tiger moths to have either yellow or white patterns on their wings.
Topics: Male; Animals; Gene Duplication; Lepidoptera
PubMed: 37917141
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92763 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2018
Topics: Humans; Male; Penile Prosthesis; Penis
PubMed: 30509342
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuron Nov 2022In an interview with Neuron, Jony Kipnis discusses his formative academic years and subsequent discoveries in meningeal lymphatics. He is enthusiastic about the prospect...
In an interview with Neuron, Jony Kipnis discusses his formative academic years and subsequent discoveries in meningeal lymphatics. He is enthusiastic about the prospect of therapeutic developments in neuroimmunology arising from focusing on the brain's borders.
Topics: Humans; Male; Lymphatic System; Meninges
PubMed: 36327892
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.010 -
The Permanente Journal 2020An atypical encounter with a homeless man affects a physician's practice.
An atypical encounter with a homeless man affects a physician's practice.
Topics: Humans; Male; Physician's Role
PubMed: 33196424
DOI: 10.7812/TPP/19.161 -
Ecology Letters Feb 2022Wondrously elaborate weapons and displays that appear to be counter to ecological optima are widespread features of male contests for mates across the animal kingdom. To...
Wondrously elaborate weapons and displays that appear to be counter to ecological optima are widespread features of male contests for mates across the animal kingdom. To understand how such diverse traits evolve, here we develop a quantitative genetic model of sexual selection for a male signaling trait that mediates aggression in male-male contests and show that an honest indicator of aggression can generate selection on itself by altering the social environment. This can cause selection to accelerate as the trait is elaborated, leading to runaway evolution. Thus, an evolving source of selection provided by the social environment is the fundamental unifying feature of runaway sexual selection driven by either male-male competition or female mate choice. However, a key difference is that runaway driven by male-male competition requires signal honesty. Our model identifies simple conditions that provide clear, testable predictions for empirical studies using standard quantitative genetic methods.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Biological Evolution; Female; Male; Mating Preference, Animal; Phenotype
PubMed: 34784652
DOI: 10.1111/ele.13921