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Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2024External otitis (EO) is a common and often painful infection in the ear canal. This review provides an overview of the typical presentation, causes, complications, and... (Review)
Review
External otitis (EO) is a common and often painful infection in the ear canal. This review provides an overview of the typical presentation, causes, complications, and treatment of EO. The condition is influenced by factors like pH levels, inflammation, and bacterial or fungal invasion. Most common bacteria involved are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and most common fungi are Aspergillus and Candida species. EO can lead to serious complications, such as necrotising EO, which requires prompt medical attention. Treatment involves local care, ear drops, and, in severe cases, systemic antibiotics.
Topics: Humans; Otitis Externa; Inflammation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 38445328
DOI: 10.61409/V05230339 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2023Brachycephalic dogs are not only affected by brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), but are also frequently referred to veterinary dermatologists for skin... (Review)
Review
Brachycephalic dogs are not only affected by brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), but are also frequently referred to veterinary dermatologists for skin conditions, with English bulldogs and pugs particularly over-represented. Some skin diseases, such as skin fold dermatitis, are directly associated with the abnormal anatomic conformation of brachycephalic dogs, while for others, such as atopic dermatitis and viral pigmented plaques, there is an underlying genetic basis or a general predisposition. Anatomic alterations associated with brachycephaly, leading to fold formation of the skin and stenosis of the ear canal, together with primary immunodeficiencies described in some breeds, favor the development of pyoderma, dermatitis, and otitis externa/media. In addition, the frequently neglected but often lifelong dermatological problems of brachycephalic dogs are an important consideration when discussing genetic and medical conditions affecting the welfare of those dogs. Here we review the current state of knowledge concerning dermatological problems in brachycephalic dogs and combine it with clinical experience in the management of these challenging disorders.
PubMed: 37370526
DOI: 10.3390/ani13122016 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023Canine otitis externa (OE) is a commonly diagnosed condition seen in veterinary practice worldwide. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the disease, with a... (Review)
Review
Canine otitis externa (OE) is a commonly diagnosed condition seen in veterinary practice worldwide. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the disease, with a particular focus on the biological characteristics of and the impact that antibiotic resistance has on successful recovery from OE. We also consider potential alternatives to antimicrobial chemotherapy for the treatment of recalcitrant infections. is not a typical constituent of the canine ear microbiota, but is frequently isolated from cases of chronic OE, and the nature of this pathogen often makes treatment difficult. Biofilm formation is identified in 40-95% of from cases of OE and intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, especially resistance to clinically important antibiotics, highlights the need for alternative treatments. The role of other virulence factors in OE remains relatively unexplored and further work is needed. The studies described in this work highlight several potential alternative treatments, including the use of bacteriophages. This review provides a summary of the aetiology of OE with particular reference to the dysbiosis that leads to colonisation by and highlights the need for novel treatments for the future management of otitis.
PubMed: 38004662
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112650 -
International Archives of... Oct 2023Necrotizing otitis externa has a high impact on the quality of life of patients and has shown a significant increase in its incidence in recent years. There has been...
Necrotizing otitis externa has a high impact on the quality of life of patients and has shown a significant increase in its incidence in recent years. There has been a change in the profile of affected patients and a lack of consensus on the management of these patients. To develop a practical and effective care protocol to standardize the diagnostic and therapeutic management of necrotizing otitis externa. A retrospective cohort study of necrotizing otitis externa patients between January 2015 and December 2020. There were 34 patients with two bilateral cases, totaling 36 ears. The mean age was 68.5, with a higher prevalence of males (76%). Diabetes was present in 97% of the samples. The involvement of cranial pairs was identified in 35% of the sample. was the most frequent pathogen isolated, found in 50% of the cases. Among the cultures with bacterial agents isolated, 35% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. The most frequent exam was computed tomography (94%). Hospital admission was indicated for 31 patients (91%), and ceftazidime was the most prescribed drug (35.5%). There were 11 recurrences (32%), and 12 patients (35%) had complications during treatment. Among the unfavorable outcomes, 12% persisted with some degree of peripheral facial paralysis, 6% maintained dysphagia, and 9% died of the disease. The present study developed a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for the effective management of necrotizing otitis externa. This protocol is a dynamic tool and should be revised and updated as new demands emerge during its implementation.
PubMed: 37876706
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758719 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023is an emerging global public health threat and is resistant to most antifungal agents. Though fungi are significant pathogens for animals, the role of in animal health...
is an emerging global public health threat and is resistant to most antifungal agents. Though fungi are significant pathogens for animals, the role of in animal health remains unexplored. Here, we analysed the microbial cultures of skin and ear swabs of 87 dogs in Delhi and performed fungal meta-barcode sequencing of ear and skin samples of 7 dogs with confirmed otitis externa (OE). Overall, 4.5% of dogs (4/87) with chronic skin infections contained evidence of in their ear canal ( = 3) and on their skin surface ( = 1). Of the three OE dogs with infection/colonisation, a diversity of fungi was observed, and their meta-barcode ITS sequence reads for ranged from 0.06% to 0.67%. Whole-genome sequencing of six strains obtained in culture from two dogs showed relatedness with Clade I clinical strains. The report highlights the isolation of from an animal source; however, the routes of transmission of this yeast to dogs and the clinical significance of transmission between dogs and humans remain to be investigated.
PubMed: 37504709
DOI: 10.3390/jof9070720 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that, untreated or poorly controlled, can lead to serious complications, reducing life expectancy and quality. Diabetic patients... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that, untreated or poorly controlled, can lead to serious complications, reducing life expectancy and quality. Diabetic patients are more likely to develop infections, including many common infections, but also pathognomonic ones such as emphysematous pyelonephritis, malignant otitis externa, mucormycosis and Fournier's gangrene. Considering the fact that diabetic patients experience more frequently urinary tract infections (UTIs) with a worse prognosis than non-diabetic people, we conducted a review study based on data in the literature, following the particularities of UTIs in this group of patients, the risk factors, the mechanisms involved and the challenges in their management. The findings highlight that UTI in diabetic patients have some particularities, including a more frequent evolution to bacteremia, increased hospitalizations, and elevated rates of recurrence and mortality than non-diabetic patients. The possible risk factors identified seem to be female gender, pregnancy, older age, UTI in the previous six months, poor glycemic control and duration of diabetes. The mechanisms involved are related to glucosuria and bladder dysfunction, factors related to bacterial strains and host response. The bacterial strains involved in UTIs in diabetic patients and their antibiotic susceptibility profile are, with some exceptions, similar to those in non-diabetic people; however, the antimicrobial agents should be carefully chosen and the duration of the treatment should be as those required for a complicated UTI. The data related to the risk of developing UTIs in patients treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors, a new class of oral hypoglycaemic agents with cardiovascular and renal benefits, are controversial; overall, it was evidenced that UTIs occurred at the initiation of the treatment, recurrent infection was uncommon and the majority of UTIs responded to treatment with standard antibiotics. Moreover, interruption or discontinuation of SGLT-2 inhibitor as a result of UTI was rare and SGLT-2 inhibitors did not increase the risk of severe infections such as urosepsis and pyelonephritis.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Urinary Tract Infections; Diabetes Mellitus; Pyelonephritis; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37893465
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101747