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Deutsches Arzteblatt International Mar 2019Otitis externa has a lifetime prevalence of 10% and can arise in acute, chronic, and necrotizing forms. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Otitis externa has a lifetime prevalence of 10% and can arise in acute, chronic, and necrotizing forms.
METHODS
This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search of the pertinent literature.
RESULTS
The treatment of acute otitis media consists of anal- gesia, cleansing of the external auditory canal, and the appli- cation of antiseptic and antimicrobial agents. Local antibiotic and corticosteroid preparations have been found useful, but there have been no large-scale randomized controlled trials of their use. Topical antimicrobial treatments lead to a higher cure rate than placebo, and corticosteroid preparations lessen swelling, erythema, and secretions. Oral antibiotics are indi- cated if the infection has spread beyond the ear canal or in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus or immuno- suppression. Chronic otitis externa is often due to an under- lying skin disease. Malignant otitis externa, a destructive infection of the external auditory canal in which there is also osteomyelitis of the petrous bone, arises mainly in elderly diabetic or immunosuppressed patients and can be life- threatening.
CONCLUSION
With correct assessment of the different types of otitis externa, rapidly effective targeted treatment can be initi- ated, so that complications will be avoided and fewer cases will progress to chronic disease.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chronic Disease; Humans; Otitis Externa; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 31064650
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0224 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jan 2019
Review
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Externa
PubMed: 30651659
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jun 2015Otitis externa is thought to affect 10% of people at some stage, and can present in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms. Otitis externa may be associated with eczema of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Otitis externa is thought to affect 10% of people at some stage, and can present in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms. Otitis externa may be associated with eczema of the ear canal, and is more common in swimmers, in humid environments, in people with narrow ear canals, in hearing-aid users, and after mechanical trauma.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of empirical treatments for otitis externa? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).
RESULTS
Nine studies were included. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: oral antibiotics, specialist aural toilet, topical acetic acid, topical aluminium acetate, topical antibacterials, topical antifungals, topical corticosteroids, and combinations of these agents.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Otitis Externa; Therapeutic Irrigation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26074134
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Aug 2010Otitis externa is thought to affect 10% of people at some stage, and can present in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms. Otitis externa may be associated with eczema of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Otitis externa is thought to affect 10% of people at some stage, and can present in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms. Otitis externa may be associated with eczema of the ear canal, and is more common in swimmers, humid environments, people with absence of ear wax or with narrow ear canals, hearing-aid users, and after mechanical trauma.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of empirical and prophylactic treatments for otitis externa? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found nine systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: oral antibiotics, specialist aural toilet, topical acetic acid drops or spray, topical aluminium acetate drops, topical antibacterials, topical antifungals, topical anti-infective agents, topical corticosteroids, and water exclusion.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Otitis Externa
PubMed: 21418684
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Patient-centered Research... 2017Fungal infections as a result of freshwater exposure or trauma are fortunately rare. Etiologic agents are varied, but commonly include filamentous fungi and . This... (Review)
Review
Fungal infections as a result of freshwater exposure or trauma are fortunately rare. Etiologic agents are varied, but commonly include filamentous fungi and . This narrative review describes various sources of potential freshwater fungal exposure and the diseases that may result, including fungal keratitis, acute otitis externa and tinea pedis, as well as rare deep soft tissue or bone infections and pulmonary or central nervous system infections following traumatic freshwater exposure during natural disasters or near-drowning episodes. Fungal etiology should be suspected in appropriate scenarios when bacterial cultures or molecular tests are normal or when the infection worsens or fails to resolve with appropriate antibacterial therapy.
PubMed: 31413968
DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1262 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jun 2008Otitis externa is thought to affect 10% of people at some stage, and can present in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms. Otitis externa may be associated with eczema of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Otitis externa is thought to affect 10% of people at some stage, and can present in acute, chronic, or necrotising forms. Otitis externa may be associated with eczema of the ear canal, and is more common in swimmers, humid environments, people with absence of ear wax or with narrow ear canals, hearing-aid users, and after mechanical trauma.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of empirical and prophylactic treatments for otitis externa? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found nine systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: oral antibiotics, specialist aural toilet, topical acetic acid drops or spray, topical aluminium acetate drops, topical antibacterials, topical antifungals, topical anti-infective agents, topical corticosteroids, and water exclusion.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Otitis Externa
PubMed: 19450296
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2022Ear canal skin is directly attached to bone or cartilage, and is also connected to the eardrum. Acute otitis externa is cellulitis of the ear canal skin and subdermal...
BACKGROUND
Ear canal skin is directly attached to bone or cartilage, and is also connected to the eardrum. Acute otitis externa is cellulitis of the ear canal skin and subdermal tissue associated with acute inflammation and variable edema. We characterized the microbiome of the normal ear canal and ear canal with otitis externa.
METHODS
In total, 28 samples (14 each from the ear canal skin of patients with acute otitis externa and normal healthy controls) were collected using swabs. DNA extraction and bacterial microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed.
RESULTS
The diversity index (mean amplicon sequence variants and Shannon index) were lower in the otitis externa than control group. According to linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis, a number of taxa differed significantly between the groups. at the genus level and at the species level were identified in the otitis externa group.
CONCLUSION
Our results show the importance of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of otitis externa and provide a basis for treating acute otitis externa by targeting the microbiome.
PubMed: 36498648
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237074