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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023During the transport, storage, and consumption of edible vegetable oils, the color of some freshly refined oils is gradually darkened, which is known as the color... (Review)
Review
During the transport, storage, and consumption of edible vegetable oils, the color of some freshly refined oils is gradually darkened, which is known as the color reversion. The oil industry has been plagued by the issue for a long time because the dark color of the oil is related to its poor quality and low acceptability for consumers. Color reversion of refined vegetable oils is primarily related to the processing pigments, especially tocored, which is the oxidation product of γ-tocopherol. However, the underlying molecular action mechanism of tocored is not yet fully understood due to the complex transformations of tocored in oil systems. This paper presents a brief description of oil color, followed by an overview of research progress on the mechanism of color reversion. In particular, the effect of minor components (phospholipids and metal ions) on color reversion is highlighted in an attempt to explain the remaining mysteries of color reversion. Furthermore, the measures to restrain color reversion by quality control of the oilseeds, the adjustment of technical parameters of processing, and the storage conditions of refined oils are summarized to provide some references for the oil industry.
Topics: Plant Oils; Antioxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Food; Phospholipids
PubMed: 37446839
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135177 -
Neurobiology of Disease Sep 2023Brain metabolic pathways relating to bioenergetic and redox homeostasis are closely linked, and deficits in these pathways are thought to occur in many neurodegenerative... (Review)
Review
Brain metabolic pathways relating to bioenergetic and redox homeostasis are closely linked, and deficits in these pathways are thought to occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes play important roles in both processes, and growing evidence suggests that neuron-astrocyte intercellular signalling ensures brain bioenergetic and redox homeostasis in health. Moreover, alterations to this crosstalk have been observed in the context of neurodegenerative pathology. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of how neuron-astrocyte interactions influence brain metabolism and antioxidant functions in health as well as during neurodegeneration. It is apparent that deleterious and adaptive protective responses alter brain metabolism in disease, and that knowledge of both may illuminate targets for future therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Astrocytes; Oxidation-Reduction; Brain; Neurons
PubMed: 37558170
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106255 -
Biomolecules Feb 2024Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are generated as a result of normal intracellular metabolism [...].
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are generated as a result of normal intracellular metabolism [...].
Topics: Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Biomarkers; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38397431
DOI: 10.3390/biom14020194 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jan 2024Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are attracting increasing attention due to their persistence and potential ecological risks. This review critically summarizes the effects... (Review)
Review
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are attracting increasing attention due to their persistence and potential ecological risks. This review critically summarizes the effects of photo-oxidation on the physical, chemical, and biological behaviors of MNPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The core of this paper explores how photo-oxidation-induced surface property changes in MNPs affect their adsorption toward contaminants, the stability and mobility of MNPs in water and porous media, as well as the transport of pollutants such as organic pollutants (OPs) and heavy metals (HMs). It then reviews the photochemical processes of MNPs with coexisting constituents, highlighting critical factors affecting the photo-oxidation of MNPs, and the contribution of MNPs to the phototransformation of other contaminants. The distinct biological effects and mechanism of aged MNPs are pointed out, in terms of the toxicity to aquatic organisms, biofilm formation, planktonic microbial growth, and soil and sediment microbial community and function. Furthermore, the research gaps and perspectives are put forward, regarding the underlying interaction mechanisms of MNPs with coexisting natural constituents and pollutants under photo-oxidation conditions, the combined effects of photo-oxidation and natural constituents on the fate of MNPs, and the microbiological effect of photoaged MNPs, especially the biotransformation of pollutants.
Topics: Microplastics; Adsorption; Environmental Pollutants; Microbiota; Oxidation-Reduction; Plastics; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38166393
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07035 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Oct 2023Mitochondria in a cell can unite and organize complex, extended structures that occupy the entire cellular volume, providing an equal supply with energy in the form of... (Review)
Review
Mitochondria in a cell can unite and organize complex, extended structures that occupy the entire cellular volume, providing an equal supply with energy in the form of ATP synthesized in mitochondria. In accordance with the chemiosmotic concept, the oxidation energy of respiratory substrates is largely stored in the form of an electrical potential difference on the inner membrane of mitochondria. The theory of the functioning of extended mitochondrial structures as intracellular electrical wires suggests that mitochondria provide the fastest delivery of electrical energy through the cellular volume, followed by the use of this energy for the synthesis of ATP, thereby accelerating the process of ATP delivery compared to the rather slow diffusion of ATP in the cell. This analytical review gives the history of the cable theory, lists unsolved critical problems, describes the restructuring of the mitochondrial network and the role of oxidative stress in this process. In addition to the already proven functioning of extended mitochondrial structures as electrical cables, a number of additional functions are proposed, in particular, the hypothesis is put forth that mitochondrial networks maintain the redox potential in the cellular volume, which may vary depending on the physiological state, as a result of changes in the three-dimensional organization of the mitochondrial network (fragmentation/fission-fusion). A number of pathologies accompanied by a violation of the redox status and the participation of mitochondria in them are considered.
Topics: Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 38105027
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297923100140 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, while the bioactive products of lipid peroxidation,... (Review)
Review
Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation play important roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes, while the bioactive products of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides and reactive aldehydes, act as important mediators of redox signaling in normal and malignant cells. Many types of cancer, including osteosarcoma, express altered redox signaling pathways. Such redox signaling pathways protect cancer cells from the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress, thus supporting malignant transformation, and eventually from cytotoxic anticancer therapies associated with oxidative stress. In this review, we aim to explore the status of lipid peroxidation in osteosarcoma and highlight the involvement of lipid peroxidation products in redox signaling pathways, including the involvement of lipid peroxidation in osteosarcoma therapies.
Topics: Osteosarcoma; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Signal Transduction; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Bone Neoplasms; Animals
PubMed: 38674143
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084559 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Cytochrome P450s (P450s), a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes, existed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. P450s can catalyze various regional and... (Review)
Review
Cytochrome P450s (P450s), a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes, existed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. P450s can catalyze various regional and stereoselective oxidation reactions, which are widely used in natural product biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and biotechnology. In a typical catalytic cycle, P450s use redox proteins or domains to mediate electron transfer from NAD(P)H to heme iron. Therefore, the main factors determining the catalytic efficiency of P450s include not only the P450s themselves but also their redox-partners and electron transfer pathways. In this review, the electron transfer pathway engineering strategies of the P450s catalytic system are reviewed from four aspects: cofactor regeneration, selection of redox-partners, P450s and redox-partner engineering, and electrochemically or photochemically driven electron transfer.
Topics: Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Electron Transport; Protein Engineering; Oxidation-Reduction; Heme; Animals; Humans
PubMed: 38893355
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112480 -
Epigenetics & Chromatin Nov 2023Chromatin plays a central role in the conversion of energy in cells: alteration of chromatin structure to make DNA accessible consumes energy, and compaction of... (Review)
Review
Chromatin plays a central role in the conversion of energy in cells: alteration of chromatin structure to make DNA accessible consumes energy, and compaction of chromatin preserves energy. Alteration of chromatin structure uses energy sources derived from carbon metabolism such as ATP and acetyl-CoA; conversely, chromatin compaction and epigenetic modification feedback to metabolism and energy homeostasis by controlling gene expression and storing metabolites. Coordination of these dual chromatin events must be flexibly modulated in response to environmental changes such as during development and exposure to stress. Aging also alters chromatin structure and the coordination of metabolism, chromatin dynamics, and other cell processes. Noncoding RNAs and other RNA species that associate directly with chromatin or with chromatin modifiers contribute to spatiotemporal control of transcription and energy conversion. The time required for generating the large amounts of RNAs and chromatin modifiers observed in super-enhancers may be critical for regulation of transcription and may be impacted by aging. Here, taking into account these factors, we review alterations of chromatin that are fundamental to cell responses to metabolic changes due to stress and aging to maintain redox and energy homeostasis. We discuss the relationship between spatiotemporal control of energy and chromatin function, as this emerging concept must be considered to understand how cell homeostasis is maintained.
Topics: Chromatin; Oxidation-Reduction; Epigenesis, Genetic; Homeostasis
PubMed: 38017471
DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00520-8 -
Redox Biology Dec 2023During our whole lifespan, from conception to death, the epigenomes of all tissues and cell types of our body integrate signals from the environment. This includes... (Review)
Review
During our whole lifespan, from conception to death, the epigenomes of all tissues and cell types of our body integrate signals from the environment. This includes signals derived from our diet and the uptake of macro- and micronutrients. In most cases, this leads only to transient changes, but some effects of this epigenome programming process are persistent and can even be transferred to the next generation. Both epigenetic programming and redox processes are affected by the individual choice of diet and other lifestyle decisions like physical activity. The nutrient-gene communication pathways have adapted during human evolution and are essential for maintaining health. However, when they are maladaptive, such as in long-term obesity, they significantly contribute to diseases like type 2 diabetes and cancer. The field of nutrigenomics investigates nutrition-related signal transduction pathways and their effect on gene expression involving interactions both with the genome and the epigenomes. Several of these diet-(epi)genome interactions and the involved signal transduction cascades are redox-regulated. Examples include the effects of the NAD/NADH ratio, vitamin C levels and secondary metabolites of dietary molecules from plants on the acetylation and methylation state of the epigenome as well as on gene expression through redox-sensitive pathways via the transcription factors NFE2L2 and FOXO. In this review, we summarize and extend on these topics as well as those discussed in the articles of this Special Issue and take them into the context of redox biology.
Topics: Humans; Nutrigenomics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Obesity; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 37839954
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102920 -
Acta Biochimica Polonica Nov 2023Diabetes mellitus is one of the important independent risk factors for the development of neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks,... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is one of the important independent risk factors for the development of neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, vascular dementia and neurodegenerative processes. Hyperglycemia plays a crucial role as a trigger in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this review, we summarize the existing data on the molecular mechanisms of diabetic encephalopathy development, consider the features of oxidative and nitrosative stresses, changes in the thiol-disulfide system, as well as mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. We focus on the role of HSP 70 in cellular responses in diabetic encephalopathy. HSP70 protein is an important component of the endogenous system of neuroprotection. It acts as an intracellular chaperone, providing the folding, retention, and transport of synthesized proteins, as well as their degradation under both normoxic and stress-induced denaturation conditions. HSP70 can be considered a molecular marker and a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Humans; Oxidative Stress; Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 37991083
DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_6953