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PloS One 2024Nematophagous fungi are the best alternatives to chemical nematicides for managing nematodes considering environmental health. In the current study, activity of...
Nematophagous fungi are the best alternatives to chemical nematicides for managing nematodes considering environmental health. In the current study, activity of metabolites from ten isolates of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and two isolates of Paecilomyces variotii Bainier (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae), were examined to inhibit the hatching of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) eggs. At 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations, respectively, the culture filtrate of the isolate P. lilacinum 6887 prevented 97.55%, 90.52%, and 62.97% of egg hatching. Out of all the isolates, Pl 6887, Pl 6553, and Pl 2362 showed the greatest results in the hatching inhibition experiment.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a variety of nematicidal compounds from different isolates. A total of seven nematicidal compounds, including four very potent nematicidal fatty acids were found in the isolate Pl 6553. Secondary metabolites of the same isolate possess the highest M. incognita juvenile mortality, i.e., 43.33% and 92% after 48 hrs of treatment at 100 and 200 ppm concentrations, respectively. Significant difference was observed in juvenile mortality percentage among the isolate having highest and lowest nematicidal compounds. Nematicidal fatty acids like myristic and lauric acid were found for the first time in P. lilacinum. Multiple vacuole-like droplets were found inside the unhatched eggs inoculated with the culture filtrate of isolate Pl 6887, and also in the juveniles that perished in the ethyl acetate extract of isolate Pl 6553.
Topics: Animals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hypocreales; Antinematodal Agents; Tylenchoidea; Fatty Acids; Byssochlamys
PubMed: 38358978
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297925 -
Biology Jul 2023The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied...
An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript.
The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied on leather under an experimental study. Therefore, fifteen fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript (papers and leathers) and identified by traditional methods and ITS sequence analysis, including (one isolate), (two strains), (four strains), (one strain), (one strain), (two strains), (two strains), and (two strains). The enzymes cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and gelatinase, which play a crucial role in biodegradation, were highly active in these fungal strains. TiO-NPs were formed using the cell-free filtrate of the probiotic bacterial strain, , and characterized. Data showed that the TiO-NPs were successfully formed with a spherical shape and anatase phase with sizes of 2-8 nm. Moreover, the EDX analysis revealed that the Ti and O ions occupied the main component with weight percentages of 41.66 and 31.76%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO-NPs toward two normal cell lines, WI38 and HFB4, showed a low toxicity effect against normal cells (IC = 114.1 ± 8.1µg mL for Wi38, and 237.5 ± 3.5µg mL for HFB4). Therefore, concentrations of 100 μg mL were used to load on prepared leather samples before inoculation with fungal strain AL1. The experimental study revealed that the loaded TiO-NPs have the efficacy to inhibit fungal growth with percentages of 73.2 ± 2.5%, 84.2 ± 1.8%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Also, the analyses including SEM, FTIR-ART, color change, and mechanical properties for leather inoculated with fungal strain AL1 in the absence of NPs showed high damage aspects compared to those inoculated with fungal strains in the presence of TiO-NPs.
PubMed: 37508454
DOI: 10.3390/biology12071025 -
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and... Jan 2024The aim of this report is to describe the risk factors, clinical course, and characteristics of three cases of Paecilomyces keratitis presenting concurrently within...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this report is to describe the risk factors, clinical course, and characteristics of three cases of Paecilomyces keratitis presenting concurrently within three months in the same location. We used in vivo confocal microscopy and histopathology to corroborate our clinical findings.
OBSERVATIONS
Three eyes of three elderly patients with culture-proven Paecilomyces keratitis were included in this series. These patients resided within a 15-mile radius and presented to a tertiary care eye institute in Southern California between February and April 2022. All three eyes experienced a prolonged, recalcitrant course with recurrence of keratitis in donor corneal tissue despite antifungal therapy and multiple therapeutic penetrating keratoplasties. In vivo confocal microscopy, histopathology, and microbiologic findings corroborated the diagnosis of fungal keratitis with Paecilomyces. With surgical intervention and extensive medical therapy, all three cases resolved after the addition of oral Posaconazole.
CONCLUSIONS
Paecilomyces is a rare cause of infectious keratitis. Herein we report three similar cases in elderly patients. All had prolonged, recalcitrant infections that required multiple treatment modalities. Our cases, which were supported by in vivo confocal microscopy and histopathology, highlight the importance of timely and aggressive therapy to prevent recurrence.
PubMed: 38175332
DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00380-z -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The resource recovery and reuse of precious metal-laden wastewater is widely recognized as crucial for sustainable development. Superalloy electrolytes, produced through...
The resource recovery and reuse of precious metal-laden wastewater is widely recognized as crucial for sustainable development. Superalloy electrolytes, produced through the electrolysis of superalloy scrap, contain significant quantities of precious metal ions, thereby possessing substantial potential for recovery value. This study first explores the feasibility of utilizing fungi to treat Superalloy electrolytes. Five fungi resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals in electrolytes (mainly containing Co, Cr, Mo, Re, and Ni) were screened from the soil of a mining area to evaluate their adsorption characteristics. All five fungi were identified by ITS sequencing, and among them, showed the best adsorption performance for the five heavy metals; therefore, we conducted further research on its adsorption characteristics. The best adsorption effect of Co, Cr, Mo, Re, and Ni was 37.09, 64.41, 47.87, 41.59, and 25.38%, respectively, under the conditions of pH 5, time 1 h, dosage 26.67 g/L, temperature 25-30°C, and an initial metal concentration that was diluted fivefold in the electrolyte. The biosorption of Co, Mo, Re, and Ni was better matched by the Langmuir model than by the Freundlich model, while Cr displayed the opposite pattern, showing that the adsorption process of for the five heavy metals is not a single adsorption mechanism, but may involve a multi-step adsorption process. The kinetics study showed that the quasi-second-order model fitted better than the quasi-first-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the main adsorption process of the five heavy metals in . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the relevant active groups, i.e., hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH), amide (- CONH), carbonyl (-C = O), carboxyl (-COOH), and phosphate (PO), participated in the adsorption process. This study emphasized the potential application of in the treatment of industrial wastewater with extremely complex background values.
PubMed: 38591027
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371877 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Apr 2024Paecilomyces species are rare fungi that are resistant to standard treatment and have increasing clinical relevance. The Purpureocillium lilacinum, formerly known as...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Paecilomyces species are rare fungi that are resistant to standard treatment and have increasing clinical relevance. The Purpureocillium lilacinum, formerly known as Paecilomyces lilacinus, has a unique sensitivity for the corneal surface. However, only a few cases have been documented globally. This case report presents the successful management of a patient with Paecilomyces lilacinus keratitis with topical voriconazole and oral itraconazole.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 40-year-old woman came to our ophthalmology clinic complaining of right eye pain due to a severe corneal infection in her right eye. Corneal scraping and identification of the cultured pathogen were performed, which revealed Paecilomyces lilacinus. The corneal infection improved after being treated with hourly topical voriconazole (10 mg/ml) and oral traconozole.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis, which accounts for 5% of keratomycosis cases in tropical and subtropical areas, is extremely rare. It does not respond well to conventional antifungal treatment and frequently requires therapeutic surgery. Risk factors include wearing contact lenses, ocular trauma, ocular surgery, corticosteroids, and intraocular lens implantation.
CONCLUSION
For the treatment of Paecilomyces lilacinus keratitis that is unresponsive to conventional antifungal medications, voriconazole may be helpful. Early organism detection and the appropriate therapy are necessary for the management of keratitis.
PubMed: 38576982
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001925 -
Biotechnologia 2023Clonal micropropagation is an effective method for plant reproduction, applicable in both scientific and industrial domains. However, a significant number of microclones...
Clonal micropropagation is an effective method for plant reproduction, applicable in both scientific and industrial domains. However, a significant number of microclones are lost during the acclimatization process. To address this, the introduction of beneficial microorganisms into the rhizosphere of micropropagated plants could have a positive effect on the survival rates and external characteristics of acclimatized plantlets. The aim of this study was to determine the protective and growth-promoting potential of ONU547 and its effect on micropropagated plants during acclimatization. The antagonistic activity of the bacteria was determined using the agar block method. L. seeds were inoculated with bacterial suspensions at concentrations of 10, 10, and 10 CFU/ml. Subsequently, the roots of the microclones were treated with suspensions of 10 and 10 CFU/ml, and biometric characteristics were measured. The results demonstrated antagonistic properties against various phytopathogenic fungi, including , , , , , , and . Inoculation of L. seeds resulted in improved germination rates, increased root numbers, and enhanced root and shoot lengths. Similarly, the effects of the studied bacteria on L. and Steud. during the acclimatization stage led to higher survival rates, increased shoot lengths, greater node numbers, and larger leaf areas. A concentration of 10 CFU/ml was identified as optimal for inoculating the microclones. The findings indicate that ONU547 holds promise for the inoculation of micropropagated plants during the acclimatization process. Further research is recommended to establish the specific interaction mechanisms between these bacteria and plants.
PubMed: 37850117
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.130732 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2024A 73-year-old man visited our hospital for persistent cough. Chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) showed infiltration shadows in lower lobes and diffuse ground glass...
A 73-year-old man visited our hospital for persistent cough. Chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) showed infiltration shadows in lower lobes and diffuse ground glass opacities in the upper lobes. Blood tests showed elevated white blood cell, C-reactive protein, surfactant protein D, and Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels. After an antigen avoidance test, his HRCT and blood test findings improved; we diagnosed him with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). A culture of the rotting interior walls within his home revealed , which we believe caused his HP. Given the few patients with induced HP, systematic approach was important to identify the inciting antigen.
PubMed: 38559328
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102013 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Aug 2023is an opportunistic mold that causes pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed humans that are often treated with triazole therapy. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of...
is an opportunistic mold that causes pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed humans that are often treated with triazole therapy. Lupus nephritis is a major cause of progressive kidney disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, often requiring cyclophosphamide-based therapies. Triazole-cyclophosphamide co-administration is challenging as triazoles increase cyclophosphamide concentrations, which can worsen cyclophosphamide toxicity. We describe herein a patient with pneumonia and concomitant lupus nephritis who was successfully treated with posaconazole and echinocandin-bridged interruptions to allow for cyclophosphamide therapy. This regimen was well-tolerated without cyclophosphamide toxicity and achieved improvements in both fungal pneumonia and renal function.
PubMed: 37564740
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad410 -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing May 2024Biodetoxification fungus selectively degrades toxic inhibitors generated from pretreatment of lignocellulose without consuming fermentable sugars. However, one barrier...
Biodetoxification fungus selectively degrades toxic inhibitors generated from pretreatment of lignocellulose without consuming fermentable sugars. However, one barrier for practical application is the sustained cell viability in the consequent fermentation step to compete the fermentable sugars with fermenting strains, resulting in sugar loss and reduced target product yield. This study investigated the competitive growth property between the biodetoxification fungus Paecilomyces variotii FN89 and the L-lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici ZY271 under varying temperature and lactic acid osmatic stress. The results show that the L-lactic acid bacterium Ped. acidilactici ZY271 showed less thermotolerance to Pae. variotii FN89 at high temperature of 45 °C to 50 °C in both synthetic medium and wheat straw hydrolysate. In the higher temperature environment, the growth of the biodetoxification strian failed to compete with the lactic acid fermentation strain and was quickly eliminated from the fermentation system. The high temperature fermentation facilitated a fast transition from the detoxification stage to the fermentation stage for higher production of L-lactic acid.
PubMed: 38780813
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00772-6 -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024In this study, a fortified Daqu (FF Daqu) was prepared using high cellulase-producing , and the effects of in situ fortification on the physicochemical properties,...
In this study, a fortified Daqu (FF Daqu) was prepared using high cellulase-producing , and the effects of in situ fortification on the physicochemical properties, flavor, active microbial community and metabolism of Daqu were analyzed. The saccharification power, liquefaction power, and cellulase activity of the FF Daqu were significantly increased compared with that of the traditional Daqu (CT Daqu). The overall differences in flavor components and their contents were not significant, but the higher alcohols were lower in FF Daqu. The relative abundance of dominant active species in FF Daqu was 85.08% of the total active microbiota higher than 63.42% in CT Daqu, and the biomarkers were and , respectively. The enzymes related to starch and sucrose metabolic pathways were up-regulated and expressed in FF Daqu. In the laboratory level simulation of baijiu brewing, the yield of baijiu was increased by 3.36% using FF Daqu.
PubMed: 38665634
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101382