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Viruses Apr 2024The human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Most HPV infections clear spontaneously within 2 years of infection; however,... (Review)
Review
The human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Most HPV infections clear spontaneously within 2 years of infection; however, persistent infection can result in a wide array of diseases, ranging from genital warts to cancer. Most cases of cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers are due to HPV infection, with cervical cancer being one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Screening is available for HPV and cervical cancer, but is not available everywhere, particularly in lower-resource settings. HPV infection disproportionally affects individuals living with HIV, resulting in decreased clearance, increased development of cancer, and increased mortality. The development of the HPV vaccine has shown a drastic decrease in HPV-related diseases. The vaccine prevents cervical cancer with near 100% efficacy, if given prior to first sexual activity. Vaccination uptake remains low worldwide due to a lack of access and limited knowledge of HPV. Increasing awareness of HPV and access to vaccination are necessary to decrease cancer and HPV-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Neoplasms; Vaccination; Anus Neoplasms; HIV Infections; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Male; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38793561
DOI: 10.3390/v16050680 -
JAMA Network Open Nov 2023Understanding disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness is crucial, given its association with vaccine uptake.
IMPORTANCE
Understanding disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness is crucial, given its association with vaccine uptake.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate differences in HPV awareness by educational attainment, race, ethnicity, and their intersectionality.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cross-sectional study used the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 cycles 1 to 4 data (January 26, 2017, to June 15, 2020). The data were analyzed from December 12, 2022, to June 20, 2023. A sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian US population 18 years or older was included in the analysis.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Weighted prevalence of HPV awareness, HPV vaccine awareness, and knowledge that HPV causes cancer, stratified by educational attainment and by race and ethnicity. Interaction between educational attainment and race and ethnicity was assessed using a Wald test.
RESULTS
A total of 15 637 participants had educational attainment data available; of these, 51.2% were women, and the median age was 58 (IQR, 44-69) years. A total of 14 444 participants had race and ethnicity information available; of these, 4.6% were Asian, 13.9% were Black, 15.3% were Hispanic, 62.6% were White, and 3.6% were of other race or ethnicity (including American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and more than 1 race or ethnicity). Awareness of HPV by educational attainment ranged from 40.4% for less than high school to 78.2% for college or higher; awareness by race and ethnicity ranged from 46.9% among Asian individuals to 70.2% among White individuals. Awareness of HPV vaccines across educational attainment ranged from 34.7% among those with less than high school to 74.7% among those with a college degree or higher and by race and ethnicity from 48.4% among Asian individuals to 68.2% among White individuals. Among adults who were aware of HPV, knowledge that HPV causes cervical cancer differed by educational attainment, ranging from 51.7% among those with less than high school to 84.7% among those with a college degree or higher, and by race and ethnicity, ranging from 66.0% among Black individuals to 77.9% among Asian individuals. The interaction between educational attainment and race and ethnicity on HPV awareness and HPV vaccine awareness was not significant; however, within each educational attainment level, awareness differed by race and ethnicity, with the lowest awareness consistently among Asian individuals regardless of educational attainment. Within each racial and ethnic group, HPV awareness and HPV vaccine awareness significantly decreased with decreasing educational attainment.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Disparities in HPV awareness were evident across social factors, with the lowest awareness among Asian individuals and individuals with lower educational attainment. These results emphasize the importance of considering social factors in HPV awareness campaigns to increase HPV vaccination.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Male; Ethnicity; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Cross-Sectional Studies; Papillomavirus Infections; Educational Status; Papillomavirus Vaccines
PubMed: 37962885
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43325 -
Genome Biology Jun 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives almost all cervical cancers and up to 70% of head and neck cancers. Frequent integration into the host genome occurs predominantly in...
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives almost all cervical cancers and up to 70% of head and neck cancers. Frequent integration into the host genome occurs predominantly in tumorigenic types of HPV. We hypothesize that changes in chromatin state at the location of integration can result in changes in gene expression that contribute to the tumorigenicity of HPV.
RESULTS
We find that viral integration events often occur along with changes in chromatin state and expression of genes near the integration site. We investigate whether introduction of new transcription factor binding sites due to HPV integration could invoke these changes. Some regions within the HPV genome, particularly the position of a conserved CTCF binding site, show enriched chromatin accessibility signal. ChIP-seq reveals that the conserved CTCF binding site within the HPV genome binds CTCF in 4 HPV cancer cell lines. Significant changes in CTCF binding pattern and increases in chromatin accessibility occur exclusively within 100 kbp of HPV integration sites. The chromatin changes co-occur with out-sized changes in transcription and alternative splicing of local genes. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HPV tumors indicates that HPV integration upregulates genes which have significantly higher essentiality scores compared to randomly selected upregulated genes from the same tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that introduction of a new CTCF binding site due to HPV integration reorganizes chromatin state and upregulates genes essential for tumor viability in some HPV tumors. These findings emphasize a newly recognized role of HPV integration in oncogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Chromatin; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis
PubMed: 37365652
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02926-9 -
The Journal of International Medical... Jul 2023We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and its associated risk factors among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and its associated risk factors among Nigerian women.
METHODS
Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for studies published between 01 January 2001 and 31 December 2022, that had reported hrHPV infection and associated risk factors among women in Nigeria from ages of 25 to 65 years.
RESULTS
Of the 136 records initially retrieved, 18 were eligible for analysis. The prevalence of hrHPV genotypes was 25%, and for hrHPV 16 and 18, were 9% and 10%, respectively. The prevalence of hrHPV among HIV+ve women was 71%. The most common risk factors for hrHPV were age at coitarche and multiple sex partners.
CONCLUSION
hrHPV prevalence is high in women in Nigeria and common among those HIV+ve. Rapid screening for hrHPV genotypes is recommended, and multivalent HPV vaccines should be considered for women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomaviridae; Risk Factors; Genotype; Prevalence; HIV Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 37409466
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231182884 -
PeerJ 2023We aimed to estimate the genotype distribution of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females worldwide, and provided a scientific basis for the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to estimate the genotype distribution of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females worldwide, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention strategies of cervical cancer (CC) and the development of HPV vaccines.
METHODS
Both English and Chinese databases were researched from the inception to July 2023. The pooled persistent HPV infection prevalence was calculated using a random effects model. The subgroup analysis was performed to explore the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot, Egger's and Begg's test.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight studies with 27,335 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of persistent HPV infection was 29.37% (95% CI [24.05%∼35.31%]), and the genotypes with the persistent infection prevalence were HPV16 (35.01%), HPV52 (28.19%), HPV58 (27.06%), HPV18 (25.99%), HPV33 (24.37%), HPV31 (23.35%), HPV59 (21.87%), HPV39 (19.54%), HPV68 (16.61%) and HPV45 (15.05%). The prevalence of multiple and single HPV persistent infection were 48.66% and 36.71%, respectively; the prevalence of persistent HPV infection in different age groups (<30, 30∼39, 40∼49, >50) were 29.83%, 28.39%, 22.24% and 30.22%, respectively. The follow-up time was significantly associated with heterogeneity by subgroup analysis ( < 0.05), and the prevalence of persistent infection decreased with longer follow-up time.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple infections were more likely to occur persistent HPV infection than single infection. In addition to HPV vaccination, we should emphasize the follow-up management for women under 30 and over 50 years old, those with high-risk HPV infection (HPV59, 39, 68) and multiple infections.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Persistent Infection; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 38025679
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16247 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prostate carcinogenesis is a controversial issue. The presented meta-analysis was carried out to systematize the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prostate carcinogenesis is a controversial issue. The presented meta-analysis was carried out to systematize the currently available research results regarding this question. The meta-analysis includes case-control studies from 1991 to 2022, which were collected from publicly available bibliometric databases. The meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Essentials_1.5 software. We used Begg's and Egger's methods to assess publication bias. Cochran's Q test was used to assess heterogeneity and the I index was employed for calculating the variation in the pooled estimations. The analysis was based on data from 27 case-control studies, which in total yielded 1607 tumour tissue samples of prostate and 1515 control samples (317 samples of normal tissue, 1198 samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)). According to the data obtained, there was high risk of prostate cancer by HPV infection in both cases. HPV was found in prostate cancer in 25.8% of cases, while in normal tissue samples the virus was detected in 9.2% of cases and in 17.4% with BPH as a control. In particular, more studies on the association of HPV and prostate cancer are needed to prove the role of HPV in the development of prostate cancer. In addition to the controversial question of whether HPV infection is associated with prostate cancer risk, it is worth considering whether the samples used as a control have an impact on the results. The impact of HPV in prostate tumour tissue samples on outcome should also be investigated.
Topics: Male; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Papillomaviridae; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37789036
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43767-7 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Sep 2023In the US, oropharyngeal cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is the most frequent HPV-associated cancer, surpassing... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
IMPORTANCE
In the US, oropharyngeal cancer, predominantly caused by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is the most frequent HPV-associated cancer, surpassing cervical cancer. However, little is known about oral HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in the general population.
OBJECTIVE
To assess oral HPV prevalence and factors associated with HR and low-risk infection in a general US population.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
PROGRESS (Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection, a Global Assessment) was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 in 43 dental offices in the US (24 urban, 13 urban cluster, and 6 rural sites), spanning 21 states. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 60 years, visiting dental clinics for routine dental examination. Dental clinics used targeted sampling to recruit equal distributions of men and women and across age groups.
EXPOSURE
Participants provided an oral gargle specimen for HPV DNA and genotyping and completed behavioral questionnaires, and dentists reported oral health status. Detection of HPV DNA and genotyping was performed using the SPF10/DEIA/LiPA25 system at a central laboratory.
MAIN OUTCOME
Oral HPV prevalence.
RESULTS
Of the 3196 participants enrolled, mean (SD) age was 39.6 (12.1) years, and 55.5% were women. Oral HPV prevalence was 6.6% (95% CI, 5.7%-7.4%) for any HPV genotype, and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.5%-2.5%), 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.0%), and 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.9%) for HR, HPV-16, and 9-valent-HPV vaccine types, respectively. Among HPV-positive participants, HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (12.4% among men and 8.6% among women). Prevalence of HPV was higher in men than women and highest among men aged 51 to 60 years (16.8%, 6.8%, and 2.1% for any HPV, HR HPV, and HPV-16, respectively). Factors associated with HR oral infection included being male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-8.5), being aged 51 to 60 years (AOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5-7.3), having 26 or more lifetime male sex partners (AOR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.3-18.7), and having 6 to 25 lifetime female oral sex partners (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-8.7).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cross-sectional study, oral HPV burden was highest among older men who may be at higher risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer. In addition to male sex and older age, HR oral HPV infection was also associated with sexual behaviors, including increasing number of male sex partners and female oral sex partners.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Prevalence; Genotype; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Human papillomavirus 16; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37535349
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.1573 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 2023Twelve high-risk alpha human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cause approximately 690,000 cancer cases annually, with cervical and oropharyngeal cancer being the two most... (Review)
Review
Twelve high-risk alpha human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes cause approximately 690,000 cancer cases annually, with cervical and oropharyngeal cancer being the two most prominent types. HPV testing is performed in laboratory settings for various applications of a clinical, epidemiological, and research nature using a range of clinical specimens collected by clinicians or by individuals (self-collected specimens). Here, we reflect on the importance and justification of using the right test for the right application and provide practical updates for laboratories either participating in or anticipating involvement in HPV testing in three specimen types, namely, urine, blood, and oral specimens, which are considered "alternative" specimens by many. In addition to clinician-collected cervical samples and self-collected cervicovaginal samples, first-void urine is emerging as a credible specimen for HPV-based cervical cancer screening, triage of HPV screen-positive women, monitoring HPV vaccine impact, and HPV testing in groups for which a less invasive sample is preferred. Detection of cell-free DNA (including HPV DNA) in blood has great promise for the early detection of HPV-attributable oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-AOC) and potentially other HPV-driven cancers and as an adjunct prognostic marker in long-term tumor surveillance, including treatment response. The moderate sensitivity of HPV testing in oral rinses or swabs at HPV-AOC diagnosis prevents its use in HPV-AOC secondary prevention but represents a promising prognostic tool in HPV-AOC tertiary prevention, where the HPV persistence in oral rinses throughout treatment may predict early HPV-AOC recurrences and/or the development of secondary HPV-AOC. The increasing sophistication of specific collection devices designed for alternative samples and the enhanced precision of novel molecular technologies are likely to support the evolution of this field and catalyze potential translation into routine practice.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Papillomavirus Infections; Early Detection of Cancer; Laboratories; Papillomaviridae; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; DNA, Viral; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 37439692
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01403-22 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Aug 2023We analyzed transcriptional data from 104 HPV+ (Human papillomavirus) HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) tumors together with two publicly available sources...
We analyzed transcriptional data from 104 HPV+ (Human papillomavirus) HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) tumors together with two publicly available sources to identify highly robust transcriptional programs (modules) which could be detected consistently despite heterogeneous sequencing and quantification methodologies. Among 22 modules identified, we found a single module that naturally subclassifies HPV+ HNSCC tumors based on a bimodal pattern of gene expression, clusters all atypical features of HPV+ HNSCC biology into a single subclass, and predicts patient outcome in four independent cohorts. The subclass-defining gene set was strongly correlated with Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target expression. Tumors with high expression of this NF-κB module were rarely associated with activating PIK3CA alterations or viral integration, and also expressed higher levels of HPHPV E2 and had decreased APOBEC mutagenesis. Alternatively, they harbored inactivating alterations of key regulators of NF-κB, TNF receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and cylindromatosis (CYLD), as well as retinoblastoma protein (RB1). HPV+ HNSCC cells in culture with experimental depletion of TRAF3 or CYLD displayed increased expression of the subclass-defining genes, as well as robust radio-sensitization, thus recapitulating both the tumor transcriptional state and improved treatment response observed in patient data. Across all gene sets investigated, methylation to expression correlations were the strongest for the subclass-defining, NF-κB-related genes. Increased tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and increased Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) expression were identified in NF-κB active tumors. Based on the relatively high rates of cure in HPV+ HNSCC, deintensification of therapy to reduce treatment-related morbidity is being studied at many institutions. Tumor subclassification based on oncogenic subtypes may help guide the selection of therapeutic intensity or modality for patients with HPV+ HNSCC.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; NF-kappa B; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Papillomavirus Infections; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Carcinogenesis; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37523561
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216532120 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina,... Dec 2023Skin warts are ubiquitous, self-limiting, benign neoplasms caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV). Several studies have investigated the prevalence and diversity of HPV... (Review)
Review
Skin warts are ubiquitous, self-limiting, benign neoplasms caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV). Several studies have investigated the prevalence and diversity of HPV types in the three main types of skin warts: common, plantar, and flat warts. Using different methodological approaches and diverse populations, several HPV types were detected in skin warts, but often the etiological link remained unconfirmed. This review addresses recently improved multiple strategies for investigating the presence of HPVs in skin warts, covering proper sampling techniques for HPV testing, choice of molecular method(s) for HPV detection, and assignment of the etiological causality of the tested skin wart to a causative HPV type using cellular viral load estimation. These novel approaches provide useful insight into the range of HPV types causing skin warts and support a refined understanding of their etiology. In addition, we conducted a literature review of the main studies examining HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts. Finally, HPV type-specific histopathological patterns in skin warts are briefly discussed.
Topics: Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; DNA, Viral; Warts; Skin; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 38126099
DOI: No ID Found