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Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024Few studies focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) in male patients. This study aimed to explore the detection rate and genotyping of HPV among male patients in Beijing...
Few studies focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) in male patients. This study aimed to explore the detection rate and genotyping of HPV among male patients in Beijing to provide a reference for formulating prevention strategies for HPV infection. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from November 2015 to March 2023. It covered male patients from the urology and dermatology departments. Fifteen high-risk HPV genotypes were detected by the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The overall detection rate of HPV was 25.19% (1288/5114, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.00%-26.38%), of which the single infection rate was 16.99% (869/5114, 95% CI 15.97%-18.05%) and the co-infection rate was 8.19% (419/5114, 95% CI 7.46%-8.98%). The detection rate of HPV was 40.77% (521/1278), 35.58% (58/163), 32.69% (101/309), 31.91% (60/188), 12.63% (299/2367), and 32.35% (131/405) among male patients with balanitis, warts, rash, urethritis, prostatitis, and other urinary inflammation, respectively ( < 0.001). The top five HPV genotypes were HPV-52, HPV-58, HPV-16, HPV-51, and HPV-66. After the first positive HPV test, the proportion of male patients who turned negative was 22.47% within 3 months, 26.40% within 3-6 months, 24.72% within 6-12 months, 17.98% within 12-24 months, and 8.43% more than 24 months. The detection rate of HPV was high among male patients from the urology and dermatology departments in Beijing, which should be considered to develop HPV vaccines with better prevention effects.
Topics: Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Genotype; Cross-Sectional Studies; Beijing; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomaviridae; China; Prevalence
PubMed: 38318858
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2313848 -
Vaccine Aug 2023In 2009, Norway initiated routine quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccination for girls at 12-13 years of age to protect against virus types causing cervical cancer, HPV16/18,...
BACKGROUND
In 2009, Norway initiated routine quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccination for girls at 12-13 years of age to protect against virus types causing cervical cancer, HPV16/18, and HPV6/11 which cause anogenital warts (AGW). We wanted to investigate qHPV vaccine effectiveness (VE) against AGW in females before and after first AGW episode and to assess the impact of female vaccination in males.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
QHPV vaccination and AGW episodes were collected for the time period 2006-2016 for birth cohorts 1975-2003. Cox models were applied to age at first, as well as at second AGW episode. Finally, we estimated the impact of the female vaccination program on unvaccinated males.
RESULTS
The VE against the first episode of AGW was strongly dependent on vaccination age, with hazard ratios (HRs) compared to unvaccinated individuals of 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.3, and 2.7, for age groups of ⩽13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-19, 20-24, 25-29, and 30+ years at first vaccination, respectively. Among women who had suffered a first episode of AGW, subsequent qHPV vaccination did not protect against a second episode, with HRs of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.4, for age groups of ⩽17, 18-24, and 25+ years at first vaccination. A gradually decreasing AGW risk was seen in unvaccinated male cohorts neighboring the first routinely vaccinated female 1997 cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
When administered before 14 years of age, qHPV vaccination reduced the probability of AGW about fivefold. The effect decreased sharply with vaccination age, and was not significant among women vaccinated after age 20 years. QHPV administered after the first AGW episode did not protect against a second AGW episode. Herd effects were indicated in unvaccinated males, as we observed a gradual decrease in AGW rates from the 1993 male birth cohort and onwards.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Papillomavirus Infections; Human papillomavirus 16; Vaccine Efficacy; Human papillomavirus 18; Condylomata Acuminata; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Registries; Vaccination
PubMed: 37516572
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.031 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Aug 2023Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with cell-induced immunopathological responses and is considered a potential malignancy disorder in the oral... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with cell-induced immunopathological responses and is considered a potential malignancy disorder in the oral cavity. Due to the high prevalence of OLP as well as the potential for malignancy, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may play an important role in it. Although previous studies have explored the possible relationship between HPV and OLP, the findings have been conflicting and nonconclusive. This study aims to review the studies that investigated HPV-16 and HPV-18 in OLP.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
The research protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA2020) checklist. The online databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched using the following individual keywords: "OLP" OR "Oral Lichen Planus" OR "HPV" OR "Human Papillomavirus." The search strategy resulted in the selection of 80 articles. The articles were evaluated, and after duplication removal, 53 abstracts were reviewed, resulting in the selection of 25 studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias assessment was done by using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The overall prevalence of HPV in OLP lesions varied from 2.7% to 70%, depending on the type of diagnostic method used.
CONCLUSION
Despite the studies conducted on the relationship between OLP and HPV infection, there is still no conclusive evidence that HPV can play a role in the etiopathogenesis of OLP, either in clinical manifestations or in the malignant transformation of lesions.
Topics: Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Mouth; Databases, Factual; Lichen Planus
PubMed: 37647448
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.960 -
Barriers and facilitators in uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine across English Canada: A review.Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection that leads to preventable cancers of the mouth, throat, cervix, and genitalia. Despite... (Review)
Review
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection that leads to preventable cancers of the mouth, throat, cervix, and genitalia. Despite the wide availability of HPV Vaccine (HPVV) in Canada, its uptake remains suboptimal. This review aims to identify factors (barriers and facilitators) in HPV vaccine uptake across English Canada at three levels (provider, system, and patient). We explored academic and gray literature to examine factors involved in HPVV uptake and synthesized results based on interpretive content analysis. The review identified the following factors of prime significance in the uptake of the HPV vaccine (a) at the provider level, 'acceptability' of the HPV vaccine, and 'appropriateness' of an intervention (b) at the patient level, the 'ability to perceive' and 'knowledge sufficiency' (c) at the system level, 'attitudes' of different players in vaccine programming, planning and delivery. Further research is needed to conduct population health intervention research in this area.
Topics: Female; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Papillomavirus Infections; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Canada; Vaccination
PubMed: 36803510
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2176640 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of human papillomavirus (HPV) and self-sampling among adult women.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of human papillomavirus (HPV) and self-sampling among adult women.
METHODS
The cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included adult women at Shanghai Pudong Hospital from October 14, 2022, to March 31, 2023. The questionnaire contained demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice dimensions. Factors associated with KAP and self-sampling were identified by multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
A total of 1843 valid questionnaires were collected. The average knowledge, attitude, and practice score was 10.09 ± 5.60, 26.76 ± 3.80, and 6.24 ± 2.20, respectively. Urban residents (estimate = 0.705, < 0.001), suburban residents (estimate = 0.512, < 0.001), as well as individuals with undergraduate degrees and higher (estimate = 0.535, < 0.001), were associated with good knowledge, while individuals lacking a history of HPV infection (estimate = -0.461, 0.001) and married individuals (estimate = -0.185, < 0.001) were less likely to have good knowledge. Higher knowledge scores (estimate = 0.087, 0.001) and individuals with undergraduate education and above (estimate = 1.570, 0.001) were associated with a positive attitude. Being married (estimate = 0.291, 0.049) was associated with good practice, whereas not engaging in sexual activity (estimate = -0.959, 0.001) or lacking a history of HPV infection (estimate = -0.499, 0.011) were associated with unfavorable practices. Minorities (OR = 2.787, = 0.038) and individuals with multiple sexual partners (OR = 2.297 for two partners, OR = 2.767 for three or more partners, = 0.020 and = 0.022) were positively associated with self-sampling. However, higher knowledge (OR 0.952, 0.026) and attitude scores (OR 0.929, 0.015) were negatively associated with self-sampling.
CONCLUSION
Demographic and behavioral factors significantly influenced KAP scores and self-sampling behaviors regarding HPV. Urban residency, higher education levels, positive attitudes, and minority status correlated with favorable outcomes, while factors like marriage and lack of sexual activity were associated with less favorable practices.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Papillomavirus Infections; Surveys and Questionnaires; China; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Young Adult; Adolescent; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38894985
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1377343 -
JNCI Cancer Spectrum Oct 2023Although many human papillomavirus (HPV)-targeted therapeutic vaccines have been examined for efficacy in clinical trials, none have been translated into clinical use.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Although many human papillomavirus (HPV)-targeted therapeutic vaccines have been examined for efficacy in clinical trials, none have been translated into clinical use. These previous agents were mostly administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection to induce systemic immunity. We investigated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of an HPV-16 E7-expressing lacticaseibacillus-based oral vaccine.
METHODS
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, a total of 165 patients with HPV-16-positive high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and 3 were assigned to orally administered placebo or low, intermediate, or high doses of IGMKK16E7 (lacticaseibacillus paracasei expressing cell surface, full-length HPV-16 E7). In the 4 groups, IGMKK16E7 or placebo was administered orally at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 postenrollment. The primary outcomes included histopathological regression and IGMKK16E7 safety.
RESULTS
In per-protocol analyses, histopathological regression to normal (complete response) occurred in 13 (31.7%) of 41 high-dose recipients and in 5 (12.5%) of 40 placebo recipients (rate difference = 19.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5 to 37.8). In patients positive for HPV-16 only, the clinical response rate was 40.0% (12 of 30) in high-dose recipients and 11.5% (3 of 26) in recipients of placebo (rate difference = 28.5, 95% CI = 4.3 to 50.0). There was no difference in adverse events that occurred in the high-dose and placebo groups (P = .83). The number of HPV-16 E7-specific interferon-γ producing cells within peripheral blood increased with level of response (stable disease, partial, and complete responses; P = .004). The regression to normal (complete response) rates among recipients with high levels of immune response were increased in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION
This trial demonstrates safety of IGMKK16E7 and its efficacy against HPV-16-positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and 3. IGMKK16E7 is the first oral immunotherapeutic vaccine to show antineoplastic effects.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
jRCT2031190034.
Topics: Female; Humans; Human papillomavirus 16; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 38001029
DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad101 -
BMJ Open Oct 2023We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or 3 (CIN 2/3). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or 3 (CIN 2/3).
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus and CENTRAL Cochrane were searched up to 31 January 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Phase II/III randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies reporting the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines to achieve regression of CIN 2/3 lesions were included. Studies evaluating only safety and side effects of the vaccine were excluded.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two independent reviewers extracted data and evaluated study quality. A random-effect model was used to pool the proportions of regression and/or HPV clearance.
RESULTS
12 trials met the inclusion criteria. Out of 734 women (all studies considered) receiving therapeutic HPV vaccine for CIN 2/3, 414 regressed to normal/CIN 1 with an overall proportion of regression of 0.54 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.69) for vaccinated group; 166 women (from five RCTs) receiving placebo only achieving a pooled normal/CIN 1 regression of 0.27 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.34). When including only the five two-arm studies, the regression proportion for the 410 vaccine group participants was higher than that of the 166 control group participants (relative risk (RR) 1.52; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.04). The pooled proportion of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) clearance was 0.42 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.52) in the vaccine group (six studies with a total of 357 participants) and 0.17 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.26) in the control group (three RCTs with a total of 104 participants). Based on these three RCTs, the hrHPV clearance was significantly higher in the vaccinated group (250 participants) compared with the control group (RR 2.03; 95% CI 1.30 to 3.16). Similar results were found regarding HPV 16/18 clearance. No significant unsolicited adverse events have been consistently reported.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of the therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of CIN 2/3 was modest. Implementation issues such as feasibility, acceptability, adoption and cost-effectiveness need to be further studied.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022307418.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Papillomaviridae; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
PubMed: 37879679
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069616 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2024This study assessed the accuracy of high-risk human papillomavirus testing of BD Onclarity HPV (Onclarity) assay on vaginal self-collected FLOQSwab versus cervical...
UNLABELLED
This study assessed the accuracy of high-risk human papillomavirus testing of BD Onclarity HPV (Onclarity) assay on vaginal self-collected FLOQSwab versus cervical samples to ensure similar accuracy to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Testing was performed on two automated platforms, BD Viper LT and BD COR, to evaluate the effect of machine and using two vaginal self-samples to analyze the influence of collection, transport, and freezing-unfreezing on the results. A cervical sample and two self-samples were collected from 300 women. The first collected vaginal and the cervical sample were tested on BD Viper LT, and the second swab was frozen and subsequently tested on both automated systems. Test results on vaginal and cervical specimens were considered the index and comparator, respectively; colposcopy and histology were reference standards. Relative sensitivity for ≥CIN2 on vaginal samples analyzed versus the cervical sample was 1.01 (0.97-1.06), 1.01 (0.97-1.06), and 1.00 (0.95-1.05), for the first, second self-collected sample tested on BD VIPER LT, and second self-collected sample tested on BD COR, respectively. Relative specificity was 0.83 (0.73-0.94), 0.76 (0.67-0.87), and 0.82 (0.73-0.92) using the three different workflows. Cut-off optimization for human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity defined at Ct ≤38.3 for HPV16, ≤ 34.2 for HPV18, and ≤31.5 for all other types showed an increased relative specificity with similar sensitivity. No significant difference was observed between self-samples tested with the two platforms and between first- and second-collected swabs. Onclarity assay on FLOQSwab using both platforms showed similar sensitivity but lower specificity to detect ≥CIN2 compared to cervical samples. By cut-off optimization, non-inferior specificity could be reached.
IMPORTANCE
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on self-collected vaginal samples has been shown to improve women's participation to cervical cancer screening programs, particularly in regions with limited access to health care. Nevertheless, the introduction of self-sampling in cervical cancer screening programs requires prior clinical validation of the HPV assay in combination with a self-sample collection device, including also the laboratory workflow and automation required for high-throughput testing in screening. In this study, the performance of BD Onclarity HPV on FLOQSwab-collected vaginal self-samples has been compared to clinician-taken liquid-based cytology samples, to detect high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using two high-throughput platforms, BD Viper LT and BD COR. The study findings have shown a similar performance of BD Onclarity on testing self-collected samples, confirming the validation of the proposed pre-analytical and analytical protocols for their use in cervical cancer screening programs based on self-collected vaginal samples.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Early Detection of Cancer; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 38323823
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02872-23 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Dec 2023The etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involves multiple carcinogens, such as alcohol, tobacco, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)....
The etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involves multiple carcinogens, such as alcohol, tobacco, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Because HPV infection influences the prognosis, treatment, and survival of patients with HNSCC, it is important to determine the HPV status of these tumors. In this article, we propose a novel deep learning pipeline for HPV infection status prediction with state-of-the-art performance in HPV detection using only whole-slide images of routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained HNSCC sections. We show that our Digital-HPV score generated from hematoxylin and eosin slides produces statistically significant patient stratifications in terms of overall and disease-specific survival. In addition, quantitative profiling of the spatial tumor microenvironment and analysis of the immune profiles show relatively high levels of lymphocytic infiltration in tumor and tumor-associated stroma. High levels of B cells and T cells and low macrophage levels were also identified in HPV-positive patients compared to HPV-negative patients, confirming different immune response patterns elicited by HPV infection in patients with HNSCC.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Papillomavirus Infections; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Deep Learning; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Hematoxylin; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37652399
DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100320 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2023The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and the correlation between multiple infections and cervical lesions.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and the correlation between multiple infections and cervical lesions.
METHODS
The current study involved population-based sample of 20,059 women who underwent cervical screening for 15 HR-HPV genotypes with ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT) results. The correlation between multiple HPV genotype infections and cervical lesions was also determined. The odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to assess co-infection patterns for each genotype with 15 other genotypes and the additive statistical interactions were evaluated.
RESULTS
There was a bimodal pattern among multiple HPV infections, with a peak in the younger group and a second peak in the elderly group. Indeed, most multiple HPV genotypes exhibited a bimodal pattern. The most common HPV type in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) was HPV-16, followed by HPV-52, HPV-58, and HPV-33. The most frequent HPV type in patients with cervical cancer was HPV-16, followed by HPV-58 and HPV-33. Women with multiple infections were at a increased risk of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [LSIL] (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.38-2.93) and HSIL (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.36-3.81) when compared to women with single infections. patients with cervical cancer had the higher percentage of multiple HPV infections. Based on the data herein, we suggest that HPV-33 and HPV-58 may also be high-risk HPV types worthy of increased surveillance and follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggested that the association between multiple HPV infections and HSIL and LSIL are stronger compared to single HPV infections. There may be some specific combinations that synergistically affected the risk of HSIL and LSIL.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Papillomavirus Infections; Early Detection of Cancer; Papillomaviridae; Human papillomavirus 16; Genotype
PubMed: 37805467
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08634-w