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Nutrients Nov 2023Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary fibrosis. So far, there are no effective therapies to slow down the progression of this disease. Farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the control of bile acid (BA) synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, targeting FXRs holds promise as a potential approach for treating PSC. Li05 is a probiotic that was isolated from healthy volunteers and has previously been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis. In this study, we established a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholestasis mouse model and investigated the effects of Li05 on PSC. Our findings revealed that administration of Li05 significantly attenuated liver damage, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. Li05 activated the hepatic FXR-SHP and ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathways to decrease the expression of Cyp7a1. In addition, the Li05-modulated gut microbiota structure especially improved the abundance of 7α-dehydroxylation bacteria like . The intervention of Li05 also improved the intestinal barrier and reduced bacterial endotoxin translocation. Based on these findings, Li05 shows promise for future application as a therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Liver; Probiotics; Endotoxins; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38068723
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234864 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Oct 2023In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using...
In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using substances such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), n-butanol, and C6H8O7. HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs exhibited complete removal of DNA and displayed transverse membrane dissolution tunnel structures under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability assays showed high viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs. Additionally, treatment with HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs elevated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs have the potential to be used as inactivated bacterial immunostimulants, highlighting their promising applications in immunization and immunotherapy.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Immunization; Weissella; Cytokines
PubMed: 37597299
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.049 -
Microorganisms Jul 2023To understand the biological roles of strains as probiotics isolated from the traditional Korean fermented food, , was selected based on its high cinnamoyl esterase...
To understand the biological roles of strains as probiotics isolated from the traditional Korean fermented food, , was selected based on its high cinnamoyl esterase (CE) and antioxidant activities. The acid and bile stability, intestinal adhesion, antagonistic activity against human pathogens, cholesterol-lowering effects, and immune system stimulation without inflammatory effects were evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in co-culture with various bacterial stimulants. Fermentation ability was measured by using a broccoli matrix and the sulforaphane levels were measured. Resistance to acidic and bilious conditions and 8% adherence to Caco-2 cells were observed. Cholesterol levels were lowered by 51% by assimilation. Moreover, these strains exhibited immunomodulatory properties with induction of macrophage TNF-α and IL-6 and had microstatic effects on various pathogens. Co-culture with various bacterial stimulants resulted in increased NO production. Fermentation activity was increased with the strains, and higher sulforaphane levels were observed. Therefore, in the future, the applicability of the selected strain to broccoli matrix-based fermented functional foods should be confirmed.
PubMed: 37630480
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081920 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) continues to rise. It was reported that the probiotic lactic acid bacteria () can interfere with intestinal...
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) continues to rise. It was reported that the probiotic lactic acid bacteria () can interfere with intestinal immunity, but it is still unknown whether it can alleviate PIBD and the concrete mechanism of immune regulation is unclear.
METHODS
For this study, 3-week-old juvenile mice were selected for modeling the development of PIBD. The mice treated with 2% DSS were randomly divided into two groups, which were given CECT8330 and equal amounts of solvent, respectively. The feces and intestinal tissue were collected for the mechanism exploration . THP-1 and NCM460 cells were used to investigate the effects of CECT8330 on macrophage polarization, epithelial cell apoptosis, and their crosstalk .
RESULTS
CECT8330 obviously alleviated colitis symptoms of juvenile mice, including weight loss, colon length shortening, spleen swelling, and intestinal barrier function. Mechanistically, CECT8330 could inhibit intestinal epithelial apoptosis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, it reprogramed macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, leading to a decreased secretion of IL-1β which contributes to the reduction in ROS production and epithelial apoptosis. Additionally, the 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that CECT8330 could recover the balance of gut microbiota, and a significantly increased content of was particularly observed.
CONCLUSION
CECT8330 shifts macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The decreased production of IL-1β leads to a reduction in ROS, NF-κB activation, and apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium, all of which help to repair the intestinal barrier and adjust gut microbiota in juvenile colitis mice.
PubMed: 37396394
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168924 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023During weaning, piglets experience various stressor events that disrupt their gut microbiota and immune balance, decrease growth parameters, and increase mortality...
During weaning, piglets experience various stressor events that disrupt their gut microbiota and immune balance, decrease growth parameters, and increase mortality rates. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of CACC616 as a probiotic supplement. We characterized this strain and evaluated its effect on improving growth performance, modulating gut microbiota composition, and reducing noxious odor components in weaned piglets compared to a non-supplementary diet (control). During the 26-day period, 40 crossbred weaned piglets were randomly assigned to pens with 20 animals each in two groups: control and treatment groups with CACC616. On day 26, the treatment group exhibited a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and a significant alteration in gut microbial composition, correlating with improved growth parameters and gut health ( < 0.05). The treatment group also exhibited significantly reduced digestibility- and intestinal-environment-related noxious odor components ( < 0.05). The CACC616 strain effectively reduced pathogenic genera numbers, including , , and spp., with the treatment group exhibiting lower fecal calprotectin levels than the control group ( < 0.05). Overall, this study revealed that the functional probiotic CACC616 contributes to enhanced FCR and effectively modulates weaned piglets' inflammation and intestinal microbiota.
PubMed: 38138034
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122890 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023The combination of and is a clinically effective probiotic formulation for alleviating infantile colic; however, their utilization characteristics and mechanism of...
The combination of and is a clinically effective probiotic formulation for alleviating infantile colic; however, their utilization characteristics and mechanism of action surrounding their combined use of sugar sources remains unclear. Using simulation technology, this study set up individual and mixed cultures of the two probiotics at unique concentrations, and different types of prebiotics, carbohydrates and polyols were added. Gas and short-chain fatty acid production, substrate utilization, as well as growth of the individual and mixed probiotics were detected at the beginning of fermentation, 24 h, and 48 h. Further, the mechanism of the syntrophic effect of the two probiotics was explored based on their growth characteristics. It was found that neither strain produced gas after 24 h and 48 h of cultivation, but could synergistically utilize fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) when mixed. There was an increasing trend of acetic acid production for in yeast extract, casitone and fatty acid (YCFA) and FOS medium with increasing of bacterial concentrations at 24 h and 48 h; whereas the trend for was less obvious. When bacterial concentrations were >5 billion CFU·g, the mixed culture showed significantly lower acetic acid production than alone. By adding lactic and acetic acids to the YCFA medium and observing growth, the results suggested that could use the acetic acid and lactic acid produced by for growth. When the bacterial concentration was 5 billion CFU·g, the acetic acid production of was significantly higher in the mixed cultures in lactulose, lactose, FOS, galactooligosaccharide, and inulin medium; whereas the reverse was true for culturing in xylitol, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, and sorbitol medium. Further, the mixed cultures produced significantly more acetic acid than alone. In summary, through simulation experiments, the optimal ratio and potential interaction mechanisms between and were revealed here, offers a basis for understanding how the probiotic combinations may improve infant colic symptoms by influencing the gut pH and regulating the gut microbiota mechanisms.
PubMed: 38155739
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1276846 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2023Exploring alternatives to antibiotics is imperative in reducing antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in poultry products. The beneficial effects of antibiotic...
Exploring alternatives to antibiotics is imperative in reducing antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in poultry products. The beneficial effects of antibiotic products derived from natural sources in comparison with the synthetic ones has been reported. has been applied as an animal growth bio-promoter and probiotic. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of , this study investigated the effects of different doses of supplementation on broiler growth performance, immune function, intestinal development and histomorphology. Five hundred (500) one-day-old Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly enrolled into five experimental groups with 20 chicks per replicate. The treatments were imposed as follows: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet with 1 g/kg antibact 3X; (T3) basal diet with GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g; (T4) basal diet with GT001 at 8.0 × 10 cfu/g; and (T5) basal diet with GT001 at 1.2 × 10 cfu/g. Dietary inclusion of GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g significantly improved body weight gain, feed intake and lipid profile of the broilers compared to the control group ( 0.05). The addition of GT001 significantly improved the intestinal pH of the broilers. The digestive enzymes of the broilers were impacted with the supplementation of GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g. The highest serum antioxidant production was observed in the -treated group compared to the control. GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g increased the levels of serum cytokines and immunoglobin and improved the small intestinal morphology of the broilers in comparison with the control. The load of was similar among T3, T4 and T5 but significantly higher than that of the control (T1) and the antibiotics (T2)-fed birds. The load of in the gut was significantly reduced in T3, T4 and T5 compared to T1 and T2. There was no growth among the treatments. This study highlights the importance of probiotics in broiler diets and suggests that GT001 could be used as a feasible substitute to antimicrobials in broiler production.
PubMed: 38067075
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233724 -
Food Science of Animal Resources Jul 2023Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics; however, not all LAB strains have the same beneficial effects. To successfully use LAB as probiotics in...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics; however, not all LAB strains have the same beneficial effects. To successfully use LAB as probiotics in canines, LAB species should originate from the canine intestinal tract as they display host specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genomic traits of potential probiotic LAB isolated from canine fecal samples. Twenty LAB samples were evaluated for their potential probiotic characteristics including resistance to low pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, adhesion to epithelia or mucosa, and production of inhibitory compounds. Additionally, we evaluated their safety and other beneficial effects on canine health, such as DPPH free radical scavenging, and β-galactosidase. Four strains demonstrated potential probiotic characteristics and were selected: Pom4, Pom5, Chi8, and FB2. Safety evaluations showed that all strains lacked hemolytic activity, could not produce biogenic amines, and did not carry any pathogenic genes. In addition, Pom5 and Chi8 displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics and concordant with the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Based on their phenotypic and genomic characteristics, Pom5 and Chi8 were identified as potential probiotic candidates for canines.
PubMed: 37484003
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e28 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2023This study presents results of our randomized clinical trial studying the effect of human probiotics on memory and psychological and physical measures following our...
Effects of human probiotics on memory and psychological and physical measures in community-dwelling older adults with normal and mildly impaired cognition: results of a bi-center, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial (CleverAge biota).
OBJECTIVES
This study presents results of our randomized clinical trial studying the effect of human probiotics on memory and psychological and physical measures following our study protocol registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT05051501 and described in detail in our previous paper.
METHODS
Community dwelling participants aged between 55 and 80 years were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of 10 colony-forming units of human GH, GH NEXARS, Lactobacilus plantarum GH, and GH or placebo. A cross-over design allowed each group to receive probiotics and placebo for 3 months each in reverse order. A small subset of participants was examined online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After 6 months a small number of volunteers were additionally assessed after 2 months without any intervention. Primary outcome measures included changes in cognitive functions assessed using brief tests and a neuropsychological battery and changes in mood assessed using validated questionnaires. Secondary outcome measures included changes in self-report and subjective measures using depression and anxiety questionnaires, seven visual analog scales of subjective feelings (memory, digestion, etc.), and physical performance.
RESULTS
At baseline, the probiotic-placebo group A ( = 40, age 69 ± 7 years, education 16 ± 3 years, 63% females, body mass index 28.5 ± 6, subjective memory complaint in 43%) did not differ from the placebo-probiotic group B ( = 32) in any of the sociodemographic characteristics and evaluated measures including cognitive status. At follow-up visits after 3, 6, and 8 months, no cross-sectional differences in any of the measures were found between the groups except worse sentence recall of the ALBA test after 3 months of probiotic use. Score changes were not observed for all cognitive tests but one in any group between visits 1 and 3 and between visits 3 and 6. The only change was observed for the TMT B test after the first three months but no change was observed after the second three months.
CONCLUSION
The treatment with human probiotics and prebiotics did not improve cognitive, affective, or physical measures in community-dwelling individuals with normal or mildly impaired cognitive functions.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05051501.
PubMed: 37502424
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1163727 -
BMC Microbiology Apr 2024The genomic information available for Pediococcus pentosaceus is primarily derived from fermented fruits and vegetables, with less information available from fermented...
BACKGROUND
The genomic information available for Pediococcus pentosaceus is primarily derived from fermented fruits and vegetables, with less information available from fermented meat. P. pentosaceus LL-07, a strain isolated from fermented meat, has the capability of producing exopolysaccharides (EPS). To assess the probiotic attributes of P. pentosaceus LL-07, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the PacBio SequelIIe and Illumina MiSeq platforms, followed by in vitro experiments to explore its probiotic potential.
RESULTS
The genome size of P. pentosaceus LL-07 is 1,782,685 bp, comprising a circular chromosome and a circular plasmid. Our investigation revealed the absence of a CRISPR/Cas system. Sugar fermentation experiments demonstrated the characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism. P. pentosaceus LL-07 contains an EPS synthesis gene cluster consisting of 13 genes, which is different from the currently known gene cluster structure. NO genes associated with hemolysis or toxin synthesis were detected. Additionally, eighty-six genes related to antibiotic resistance were identified but not present in the prophage, transposon or plasmid. In vitro experiments demonstrated that P. pentosaceus LL-07 was comparable to the reference strain P. pentosaceus ATCC25745 in terms of tolerance to artificial digestive juice and bile, autoaggregation and antioxidation, and provided corresponding genomic evidence.
CONCLUSION
This study confirmed the safety and probiotic properties of P. pentosaceus LL-07 via complete genome and phenotype analysis, supporting its characterization as a potential probiotic candidate.
Topics: Probiotics; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Genome, Bacterial; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Fermentation; Whole Genome Sequencing; Fermented Foods; Meat; Multigene Family; Genomics; Humans; Plasmids; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38664612
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03304-6