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Clinical and Translational Medicine Dec 2021Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived...
BACKGROUND
Although microbioa-based therapies have shown putative effects on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is not clear how microbiota-derived metabolites contribute to the prevention of NAFLD. We explored the metabolomic signature of Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in NAFLD mice and its association in NAFLD patients.
METHODS
We used Western diet-induced NAFLD mice, and L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were administered to animals in the drinking water at a concentration of 10 CFU/g for 8 weeks. NAFLD severity was determined based on liver/body weight, pathology and biochemistry markers. Caecal samples were collected for the metagenomics by 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolite profiles were obtained from caecum, liver and serum. Human stool samples (healthy control [n = 22] and NAFLD patients [n = 23]) were collected to investigate clinical reproducibility for microbiota-derived metabolites signature and metabolomics biomarker.
RESULTS
L. lactis and P. pentosaceus supplementation effectively normalized weight ratio, NAFLD activity score, biochemical markers, cytokines and gut-tight junction. While faecal microbiota varied according to the different treatments, key metabolic features including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites were analogously restored by both probiotic supplementations. The protective effects of indole compounds were validated with in vitro and in vivo models, including anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolomic signatures were replicated in NAFLD patients, accompanied by the comparable levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which was significantly higher (4.3) compared with control (0.6). Besides, the consequent biomarker panel with six stool metabolites (indole, BAs, and SCFAs) showed 0.922 (area under the curve) in the diagnosis of NAFLD.
CONCLUSIONS
NAFLD progression was robustly associated with metabolic dys-regulations in the SCFAs, bile acid and indole compounds, and NAFLD can be accurately diagnosed using the metabolites. L. lactis and P. pentosaceus ameliorate NAFLD progression by modulating gut metagenomic and metabolic environment, particularly tryptophan pathway, of the gut-liver axis.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Cellular Reprogramming; Diet, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Metabolome; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Quinolines
PubMed: 34965016
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.634 -
Microbiome May 2021Successful chemoprevention or chemotherapy is achieved through targeted delivery of prophylactic agents during initial phases of carcinogenesis or therapeutic agents to...
BACKGROUND
Successful chemoprevention or chemotherapy is achieved through targeted delivery of prophylactic agents during initial phases of carcinogenesis or therapeutic agents to malignant tumors. Bacteria can be used as anticancer agents, but efforts to utilize attenuated pathogenic bacteria suffer from the risk of toxicity or infection. Lactic acid bacteria are safe to eat and often confer health benefits, making them ideal candidates for live vehicles engineered to deliver anticancer drugs.
RESULTS
In this study, we developed an effective bacterial drug delivery system for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy using the lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus pentosaceus. It is equipped with dual gene cassettes driven by a strong inducible promoter that encode the therapeutic protein P8 fused to a secretion signal peptide and a complementation system. In an inducible CRC cell-derived xenograft mouse model, our synthetic probiotic significantly reduced tumor volume and inhibited tumor growth relative to the control. Mice with colitis-associated CRC induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate exhibited polyp regression and recovered taxonomic diversity when the engineered bacterium was orally administered. Further, the synthetic probiotic modulated gut microbiota and alleviated the chemically induced dysbiosis. Correlation analysis demonstrated that specific bacterial taxa potentially associated with eubiosis or dysbiosis, such as Akkermansia or Turicibacter, have positive or negative relationships with other microbial members.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, our work illustrates that an effective and stable synthetic probiotic composed of P. pentosaceus and the P8 therapeutic protein can reduce CRC and contribute to rebiosis, and the validity and feasibility of cell-based designer biopharmaceuticals for both treating CRC and ameliorating impaired microbiota. Video abstract.
Topics: Animals; Azoxymethane; Colitis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics
PubMed: 34039418
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01071-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are vital probiotics in the food processing industry, which are widely spread in food additives and products, such as meat, milk, and... (Review)
Review
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are vital probiotics in the food processing industry, which are widely spread in food additives and products, such as meat, milk, and vegetables. (), as a kind of LAB, has numerous probiotic effects, mainly including antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and immune effects. Recently, the applications in the probiotic- fermentation products have attracted progressively more attentions. However, it is necessary to screen with abundant functions from diverse sources due to the limitation about the source and species of . This review summarized the screening methods of and the exploration methods of probiotic functions in combination with the case study. The screening methods included primary screening and rescreening including gastric acidity resistance, bile resistance, adhesion, antibacterial effects, etc. The application and development prospects of were described in detail, and the shortcomings in the practical application of were evaluated to make better application of in the future.
PubMed: 34975787
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762467 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The novel exopolysaccharide EPS-E8, secreted by E8, was obtained by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Structural analyses identified EPS-E8 as a...
The novel exopolysaccharide EPS-E8, secreted by E8, was obtained by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Structural analyses identified EPS-E8 as a heteropolysaccharide containing mannose, glucose, and galactose. Its major backbone consists of →2)-α-D-Man-(1→2,6)-α-D-Glc-(1→6)-α-D-Man-(1→, and its molecular weight is 5.02 × 10 g/mol. Using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, many spherical and irregular reticular-like shapes were observed in the microstructure of EPS-E8. EPS-E8 has outstanding thermal stability (305.7°C). Both the zeta potential absolute value and average particle diameter increased gradually with increasing concentration. Moreover, at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the antioxidant capacities of, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS and hydroxyl radical were 50.62 ± 0.5%, 52.17 ± 1.4%, and 58.91 ± 0.7%, respectively. EPS-E8 possesses excellent emulsifying properties against several food-grade oils, and its activity is retained under various conditions (temperature, pH, and ionic strength). Finally, we found that EPS-E8 as a polysaccharide-based coating could reduce the weight loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of strawberry, as well as preserving the vitamin C and soluble solid content during storage at 20°C. Together, the results support the potential application of EPS-E8 as an emulsifier, and a polysaccharide-based coating in fruit preservation.
PubMed: 35814643
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923522 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 20221101 was identified by using 16S rRNA and MALDI-Biotyper. The strain was exposed to conditions that resemble the gastrointestinal tract (GT) to evaluate its probiotic...
1101 was identified by using 16S rRNA and MALDI-Biotyper. The strain was exposed to conditions that resemble the gastrointestinal tract (GT) to evaluate its probiotic properties. That included the growth kinetics, proteolytic and inhibitory activities within a pH range, survival at low pH and in the presence of bile salts, antagonistic activity, cell-adhesion properties, and antibiotic resistance. The evaluation was followed by a genomic and proteomic analysis that involved the identification of proteins obtained under control and gastrointestinal conditions. The strain showed antagonistic activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to acidity (87% logarithmic survival rate, pH 2) and bile salts (99% logarithmic survival rate, 0.5% /), and hydrophobic binding, as well as sensitivity to penicillin, amoxicillin, and chloramphenicol. On the other hand, 1101 has a genome size of 1.76 Mbp, with 1754 coding sequences, 55 rRNAs, and 33 tRNAs. The proteomic analysis showed that 120 proteins were involved in mechanisms in which the strain senses the effects of acid and bile salts. Moreover, the strain produces at least one lytic enzyme (-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; 32 kDa) that may be related to the antimicrobial activity. Therefore, proteins identified might be a key factor when it comes to the adaptation of 1101 into the GT and associated with its technological and probiotic properties.
PubMed: 36613263
DOI: 10.3390/foods12010046 -
Food Science of Animal Resources Mar 2021The purpose of this study is to examine the physiological characteristics and anti-diabetic effects of KI62. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of...
The purpose of this study is to examine the physiological characteristics and anti-diabetic effects of KI62. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of KI62 was 94.86±3.30% and 98.59±0.52%, respectively. In MRS broth containing 3% maltodextrin inoculated by KI62, the amounts of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were propionic acid 18.05±1.85 mg/kg, acetic acid 1.12±0.07 g/100 mL, and butyric acid 2.19±0.061 g/kg, and those of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) were C8 0.262±0.031 mg/kg, C10 0.279±0.021 mg/kg, and C12 0.203±0.009 mg/kg. Compared to sixteen antibiotics, KI62 had the highest sensitivity to penicillin-G and rifampicin, as well as the highest resistance to vancomycin and ampicillin. The strain also showed higher leucine arylamidase and valine arylamidase activities than other enzyme activities, but it did not produce β-glucuronidase which is carcinogenic enzymes. The survival rate of KI62 in 0.3% bile was 91.67%. Moreover, the strain showed a 98.63% survival rate in pH 2.0. KI62 exhibits resistance to , Typhimurium, , and at rates of 29.41%, 38.10%, 51.72%, and 50.47%, respectively. (23.31%) showed a similar adhesion ability to GG, the positive control (24.49%). These results show that KI62 has possibility as a probiotic with anti-diabetic effects.
PubMed: 33987548
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e99 -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2021Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due to increased demand for practical applications of microbes, the functional and harmless P. pentosaceus might be a worthwhile LAB strain for both the food industry and biological applications.
RESULTS
As an additive, P. pentosaceus improves the taste and nutrition of food, as well as the storage of animal products. Moreover, the antimicrobial abilities of Pediococcus strains are being highlighted. Evidence suggests that bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances (BLISs) produced by P. pentosaceus play effective antibacterial roles in the microbial ecosystem. In addition, various strains of P. pentosaceus have been highlighted for probiotic use due to their anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant, detoxification, and lipid-lowering abilities.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying P. pentosaceus for further use. Thorough study of several P. pentosaceus strains should clarify the benefits and drawbacks in the future.
Topics: Pediococcus pentosaceus; Probiotics
PubMed: 33593360
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01537-y -
Nutrients Nov 2023Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by intrahepatic or extrahepatic strictures accompanied by biliary fibrosis. So far, there are no effective therapies to slow down the progression of this disease. Farnesoid X receptors (FXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the control of bile acid (BA) synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, targeting FXRs holds promise as a potential approach for treating PSC. Li05 is a probiotic that was isolated from healthy volunteers and has previously been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis. In this study, we established a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced cholestasis mouse model and investigated the effects of Li05 on PSC. Our findings revealed that administration of Li05 significantly attenuated liver damage, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. Li05 activated the hepatic FXR-SHP and ileal FXR-FGF15 signaling pathways to decrease the expression of Cyp7a1. In addition, the Li05-modulated gut microbiota structure especially improved the abundance of 7α-dehydroxylation bacteria like . The intervention of Li05 also improved the intestinal barrier and reduced bacterial endotoxin translocation. Based on these findings, Li05 shows promise for future application as a therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholestasis; Liver; Probiotics; Endotoxins; Fibrosis
PubMed: 38068723
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234864 -
Data in Brief Aug 2022The genome sequence data for the pickled cucumbers isolate, IMI 507025, is reported. The raw reads and analysed genome reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject...
The genome sequence data for the pickled cucumbers isolate, IMI 507025, is reported. The raw reads and analysed genome reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject with the accession number PRJNA814992. The number of contigs before and after trimming were 17 and 12 contigs, respectively. The total size of the genome was 1,795,439 bp containing 1,811 total genes, of which 1,751 were coding sequences. IMI 507025 identity was determined via average nucleotide identity (ANI), obtaining an identity value of 99.5994% between IMI 507025 and the type strain ATCC 33316, identifying the strain as . Screening for the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in the genome of IMI 507025 showed no hits, confirming the safety of the tested strain. Presence of plasmids was not found.
PubMed: 35864877
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108446 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jan 2022Compelling evidences demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therapies for targeting...
BACKGROUND
Compelling evidences demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therapies for targeting the microbiota may provide alternative options for the treatment of IBD, such as probiotics. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of a probiotic strain, Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus) CECT 8330, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 (5 × 10 CFU/day) once daily by gavage for 5 days prior to or 2 days after colitis induction by DSS. Weight, fecal conditions, colon length and histopathological changes were examined. ELISA and flow cytometry were applied to determine the cytokines and regulatory T cells (Treg) ratio. Western blot was used to examine the tight junction proteins (TJP) in colonic tissues. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and microbiota composition were analyzed by targeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) pathway analysis were used to predict the microbial functional profiles.
RESULTS
P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 treatment protected DSS-induced colitis in mice as evidenced by reducing the weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, histological damage, and colon length shortening. P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and increased level of IL-10 in DSS treated mice. P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 upregulated the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and the ratio of Treg cells in colon tissue. P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 increased the fecal SCFAs level and relative abundances of several protective bacteria genera, including norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Dubosiella. Furthermore, the increased abundances of bacteria genera were positively correlated with IL-10 and SCFAs levels, and negatively associated with IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, respectively. The KEGG and COG pathway analysis revealed that P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 could partially recover the metabolic pathways altered by DSS.
CONCLUSIONS
P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 administration protects the DSS-induced colitis and modulates the gut microbial composition and function, immunological profiles, and the gut barrier function. Therefore, P. pentosaceus CECT 8330 may serve as a promising probiotic to ameliorate intestinal inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pediococcus pentosaceus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35033121
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03235-8