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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine,... (Review)
Review
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they represent the subject of this review. 3-aminopropanal disrupts the lysosomal membrane and triggers apoptosis or necrosis in the damaged cells. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, 3-aminopropanal yields acrolein through the elimination of ammonia. This reactive aldehyde is also generated by the decomposition of aminoaldehydes produced in the reaction of serum amine oxidase with spermidine or spermine. In addition, acrolein is a common environmental pollutant. It causes covalent modifications of proteins, including carbonylation, the production of Michael-type adducts and cross-linking, and it has been associated with inflammation-related diseases. APAL and acrolein are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases and other mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochemistry and mass spectrometry have been largely used to analyze the presence of polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes and protein modifications elicited by their effect. However, the main and still open challenge is to find clues for discovering clear linkages between aldehyde-induced modifications of specific proteins and the development of various diseases.
Topics: Polyamines; Acrolein; Spermidine; Spermine; Aldehydes
PubMed: 37959847
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217429 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Nov 2023
Topics: Cannabidiol; Fracture Healing; Cannabinoids; Cannabis
PubMed: 37975545
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4934 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging.... (Review)
Review
Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies.
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Lycopene; Cross-Sectional Studies; Curcumin; Proanthocyanidins; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Micronutrients; Folic Acid; Zinc; Beverages; Phytochemicals; DNA; DNA Damage; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37573943
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Dec 2023Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is complex and multifaceted. While the novel β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam...
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is complex and multifaceted. While the novel β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam inhibit serine-based β-lactamases, the comparative potency of the novel β-lactam (BL)/BLI combinations against serine carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa is unknown.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime, imipenem/relebactam, imipenem, meropenem/vaborbactam and meropenem against serine β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa.
METHODS
Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa were collated through the Enhancing Rational Antimicrobials against Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (ERACE-PA) Global Surveillance. Isolates positive for serine-based carbapenemases were assessed. MICs were determined by broth microdilution to each novel BL/BLI and BL alone.
RESULTS
GES was the most common carbapenemase identified (n = 59) followed by KPC (n = 8). Ceftazidime/avibactam had MIC50/MIC90 values of 4/8 mg/L and 91% of isolates were susceptible. Conversely, ceftazidime alone was active against only 3% of isolates. The MIC50/MIC90 of imipenem/relebactam were 16/>16 mg/L and 13% of all isolates were defined as susceptible. Of the KPC-producing isolates, 38% were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam, compared with 0% to imipenem. The meropenem/vaborbactam MIC50/MIC90 were >16/>16 mg/L, and 6% of isolates were susceptible, which was similar to meropenem alone (MIC50/90, >8/>8 mg/L; 3% susceptible) suggesting the addition of vaborbactam cannot overcome co-expressed, non-enzymatic resistance mechanisms.
CONCLUSIONS
Among the novel BL/BLIs, ceftazidime/avibactam displayed better in vitro activity and thus is a rational treatment option for serine carbapenemase-harbouring P. aeruginosa. While imipenem/relebactam displayed some activity, particularly against isolates with blaKPC, meropenem/vaborbactam exhibited poor activity, with MICs similar to meropenem alone.
Topics: Meropenem; Ceftazidime; Carbapenems; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Lactams; Azabicyclo Compounds; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Imipenem; Drug Combinations; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37840005
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad225 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The genus , a perennial monocotyledonous-class herb and part of the Acoraceae family, is widely distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern and... (Review)
Review
The genus , a perennial monocotyledonous-class herb and part of the Acoraceae family, is widely distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. is rich in biological activities and can be used to treat various diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and digestive system, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, hyperlipidemia, and indigestion. Recently, it has been widely used to improve eutrophic water and control heavy-metal-polluted water. Thus far, only three species of have been reported in terms of chemical components and pharmacological activities. Previously published reviews have not further distinguished or comprehensively expounded the chemical components and pharmacological activities of plants. By carrying out a literature search, we collected documents closely related to published from 1956 to 2022. We then performed a comprehensive and systematic review of the genus from different perspectives, including botanical aspects, ethnic applications, phytochemistry aspects, and pharmacological aspects. Our aim was to provide a basis for further research and the development of new concepts.
Topics: Acorus; Alzheimer Disease; Anisoles; Water; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Ethnopharmacology
PubMed: 37894595
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207117 -
Annual Review of Pharmacology and... Jan 2024The association of an individual's genetic makeup with their response to drugs is referred to as pharmacogenomics. By understanding the relationship between genetic... (Review)
Review
The association of an individual's genetic makeup with their response to drugs is referred to as pharmacogenomics. By understanding the relationship between genetic variants and drug efficacy or toxicity, we are able to optimize pharmacological therapy according to an individual's genotype. Pharmacogenomics research has historically suffered from bias and underrepresentation of people from certain ancestry groups and of the female sex. These biases can arise from factors such as drugs and indications studied, selection of study participants, and methods used to collect and analyze data. To examine the representation of biogeographical populations in pharmacogenomic data sets, we describe individuals involved in gene-drug response studies from PharmGKB, a leading repository of drug-gene annotations, and showcase, a gene that metabolizes approximately 25% of all prescribed drugs. We also show how the historical underrepresentation of females in clinical trials has led to significantly more adverse drug reactions in females than in males.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Sexism; Pharmacogenetics; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
PubMed: 37450899
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030823-111731 -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Jul 2023The drug treatment of mental illness in childhood and adolescence poses a particular clinical and legal challenge. Reasons for this include the often necessary... (Review)
Review
The drug treatment of mental illness in childhood and adolescence poses a particular clinical and legal challenge. Reasons for this include the often necessary off-label use and existing knowledge gaps regarding the long-term effects of the neuro-/psychotropic drugs used. In this article, the prerequisites for therapy with neuro/psychotropic drugs, such as the need for age-appropriate inclusion of children and adolescents in the decision-making and education process, as well as the evaluation of medication, the consideration of biological age- and maturation-related factors, and the special measures for off-label use, are discussed. We further discuss general problems in the development and use of neuro-/psychotropic drugs, such as the difficulties in relation to proof of effectiveness, reimbursement and liability issues of off-label administration, and the problems of conducting clinical trials with children and adolescents.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Psychopharmacology; Off-Label Use; Germany; Psychotropic Drugs; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37277511
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03718-z -
Nutrients Jun 2023Bercht. & J. Presl has been widely used due to the presence of different bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the latest advances and perspectives of the plant... (Review)
Review
Bercht. & J. Presl has been widely used due to the presence of different bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the latest advances and perspectives of the plant species; it is a systematic literature review on aspects of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology as therapeutic potential. In addition, 120 compounds are described, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, amino acids, aromatics, and aliphatics. As for the therapeutic potential, it is described in extracts and compounds in the antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anticoagulant, and analgesic aspects, as well as the effects on the central nervous system. The toxicity of the genus stands out, especially the potential for organ toxicity. Therefore, this review evidenced the knowledge related to the traditional use based on the scientific research of , highlighting an overview of bioactive compounds and biological and toxicological activities in order to provide a scientific basis for future studies on the value of this species for the development of new natural products.
Topics: Brugmansia; Phytotherapy; Medicine, Traditional; Plant Extracts; Alkaloids; Phytochemicals; Ethnopharmacology
PubMed: 37447241
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132912 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023(Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu (), a member of the Araliaceae family, is a valuable plant widely used for medicinal and dietary purposes. The tender shoots of are commonly... (Review)
Review
(Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu (), a member of the Araliaceae family, is a valuable plant widely used for medicinal and dietary purposes. The tender shoots of are commonly consumed as a staple wild vegetable. The fruits of , known for their rich flavor, play a crucial role in the production of beverages and fruit wines. The root barks of are renowned for their therapeutic effects, including dispelling wind and dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, promoting blood circulation, and removing stasis. To compile a comprehensive collection of information on , extensive searches were conducted in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and CNKI. This review aims to provide a detailed exposition of from various perspectives, including phytochemistry and pharmacological effects, to lay a solid foundation for further investigations into its potential uses. Moreover, this review aims to introduce innovative ideas for the rational utilization of resources and the efficient development of related products. To date, a total of 314 compounds have been isolated and identified from , encompassing terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, volatile oils, organic acids and their esters, nitrogenous compounds, quinones, phenolics, and carbohydrates. Among these, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids are the primary bioactive components, with containing unique 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids. These compounds have demonstrated promising properties such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-aging, antiplatelet aggregation, and antitumor effects. Additionally, they show potential in improving glucose metabolism, cardiovascular systems, and immune systems. Despite some existing basic research on , further investigations are required to enhance our understanding of its mechanisms of action, quality assessment, and formulation studies. A more comprehensive investigation into is warranted to delve deeper into its mechanisms of action and potentially expand its pharmaceutical resources, thus facilitating its development and utilization.
Topics: Eleutherococcus; Plant Extracts; Triterpenes; Fruit; Esters; Phytochemicals; Ethnopharmacology
PubMed: 37764339
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186564 -
Biomolecules Dec 2023species have a long history in traditional medicine as a basis of treatment for various ailments such as a bloody cough, dysentery, and a high fever. There are about 26... (Review)
Review
species have a long history in traditional medicine as a basis of treatment for various ailments such as a bloody cough, dysentery, and a high fever. There are about 26 accepted species names in this genus distributed worldwide, including , , , , and . This work presents a comprehensive review of the traditional uses of plants of the genus and their chemical constituents and biological activities. A bibliographic search was conducted to identify available information on ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, and biological activities. A total of 98 isolated compounds potentially responsible for most of the traditional medicinal applications have been reported from eight species of and are characterised as flavonoid, spirostane, furostane, and cholestane glycosides. Some of these pure compounds, as well as extracts from some species of , have exhibited noteworthy anti-oxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and hypolipidemic activities. Although many of these species have not yet been investigated phytochemically or pharmacologically, they remain a potential source of new bioactive compounds.
Topics: Ethnobotany; Phytotherapy; Cordyline; Phytochemicals; Ethnopharmacology; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38136652
DOI: 10.3390/biom13121783