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Biomedicines Dec 2023Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), leading to changes in the growth of visceral tissues and glucose impairment. Serum...
Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), leading to changes in the growth of visceral tissues and glucose impairment. Serum biomarkers that correlate with disease status are still unclear. This study aims to assess the potential of phosphorus and calcium as biomarkers in the clinical evaluation of patients with acromegaly and clarify their relationship with SAGIT and other common biomarkers. We retrospectively analyzed data from 306 medical records of patients with acromegaly hospitalized between 2015 and 2020. Factors such as patient biometrics, duration of disease, SAGIT score, tumor size, GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, and vitamin D were analyzed concerning current disease status (naïve, non-remission, remission). The results showed that serum phosphorus significantly correlated with IGF-1 and SAGIT scores for patients with active acromegaly. Specifically, the best predictor for the remission of acromegaly was a phosphorus level < 3.98 mg/dL and serum calcium levels < 9.88 mg/dL. Based on logistic regression, the higher the serum phosphorus level, the lower the odds of achieving remission (an increase in one unit leads to a decrease in the chance of about 80%). In conclusion, phosphorus and calcium can be effective biochemical markers for predicting disease status in acromegaly.
PubMed: 38137499
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123278 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the use of low-cost and effective sorbents in water treatment. Hybrid chitosan sorbents are potential... (Review)
Review
Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the use of low-cost and effective sorbents in water treatment. Hybrid chitosan sorbents are potential materials for the adsorptive removal of phosphorus, which occurs in natural waters mainly in the form of orthophosphate(V). Even though there are numerous publications on this topic, the use of such sorbents in industrial water treatment and purification is limited and controversial. However, due to the explosive human population growth, the ever-increasing global demand for food has contributed to the consumption of phosphorus compounds and other biogenic elements (such as nitrogen, potassium, or sodium) in plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Therefore, the recovery and reuse of phosphorus compounds is an important issue to investigate for the development and maintenance of a circular economy. This paper characterizes the problem of the presence of excess phosphorus in water reservoirs and presents methods for the adsorptive removal of phosphate(V) from water matrices using chitosan composites. Additionally, we compare the impact of modifications, structure, and form of chitosan composites on the efficiency of phosphate ion removal and adsorption capacity. The state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of adsorption is detailed, and the results of research on the desorption of phosphates are described.
Topics: Humans; Phosphates; Chitosan; Wastewater; Phosphorus; Adsorption; Water Purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics
PubMed: 37569435
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512060 -
PloS One 2023Soil and microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) play an important role in soil nutrient dynamics in biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial...
Soil and microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) play an important role in soil nutrient dynamics in biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. However, increased human activities as a result of agricultural intensification on soil nutrients and microbial C:N:P stoichiometry are poorly understood in this fragile forest-savanna transition agroecosystem. This study aimed to (i) assess soil and microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry in different land use systems, and (ii) examine the effect of soil and microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry on soils susceptible to human-induced land use changes. A total of 82 composite soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm were sampled from forest, savanna, grassland, fallow and cropland for laboratory analysis. The results revealed that the concentrations of C, N, and P were low in Fallow and Cropland compared to other land use systems. Analysis of variance in microbial C, N, and P stoichiometric ratios revealed a significant decreasing tendency compared to soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios with no statistical significance (p < 0.05). The C:P and N:P ratios were low compared to the C:N ratio in land uses. A significant positive correlation was observed between MBC and MBN (0.95; p < 0.01), and with C and N (0.69; p < 0.01). There were significant interactive effects of land use on soil and microbial variables. The estimated microbial C:N:P stoichiometric ratios (21:2:1) were well constrained in the study area. The transition from Forest to Cropland resulted in 64%, 52%, and 71% reduction in C, N, and P, respectively. This implies that phosphorus is the main factor limiting productivity. The low availability of phosphorus in these tropical soils may have resulted in low C:P and N:P ratios. Therefore, we conclude that our results highlight the importance of phosphorus limitation on ratios of microbial C:P and N:P in landuse systems. Nutrient inputs such as fertilizers, manure and crop residues should be applied to croplands to improve soil and microbial C, N and P levels. Further, effects of land use on soil nutrient status and stoichiometry at 1-meter depth will be considered in our future work.
Topics: Humans; Ecosystem; Biomass; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Phosphorus
PubMed: 37647326
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290687 -
Medicine Dec 2023Regarding the thermal ablation treatment of refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), there is no consensus on the ablation range of the hyperplastic parathyroid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Regarding the thermal ablation treatment of refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), there is no consensus on the ablation range of the hyperplastic parathyroid gland. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and complications between full and partial thermal ablation in patients with refractory SHPT.
METHODS
Databases including PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2023. Eligible studies comparing full thermal ablation and partial thermal ablation for SHPT were included. Data were analyzed using Review Manager Version 5.3.
RESULTS
Four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Three cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial involving 62 patients in the full thermal ablation group and 63 patients in the partial thermal ablation group were included. The serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and phosphorus levels after full ablation were all lower than those after partial ablation (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the partial and full ablation groups concerning the incidence rate of severe hypocalcemia (P = .09). There was no significant difference between the partial and full ablation groups concerning symptom improvement, including bone joint pain, itching, and myasthenia (P < .05).
CONCLUSION
Full ablation was superior to partial ablation in terms of reducing PTH, calcium and phosphorus levels. Full ablation might not significantly increase the incidence of severe hypocalcemia. Larger multicentre randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the conclusion.
Topics: Humans; Hypocalcemia; Calcium; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphorus; Calcium, Dietary
PubMed: 38050273
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036422 -
Current Microbiology Oct 2023Microbial phytases are enzymes that break down phytic acid, an anti-nutritional compound found in plant-based foods. These enzymes which are derived from bacteria and... (Review)
Review
Microbial phytases are enzymes that break down phytic acid, an anti-nutritional compound found in plant-based foods. These enzymes which are derived from bacteria and fungi have diverse properties and can function under different pH and temperature conditions. Their ability to convert phytic acid into inositol and inorganic phosphate makes them valuable in food processing. The application of microbial phytases in the food industry has several advantages. Firstly, adding them to animal feedstuff improves phosphorus availability, leading to improved nutrient utilization and growth in animals. This also reduces environmental pollution by phosphorus from animal waste. Secondly, microbial phytases enhance mineral bioavailability and nutrient assimilation in plant-based food products, counteracting the negative effects of phytic acid on human health. They can also improve the taste and functional properties of food and release bioactive compounds that have beneficial health effects. To effectively use microbial phytases in the food industry, factors like enzyme production, purification, and immobilization techniques are important. Genetic engineering and protein engineering have enabled the development of phytases with improved properties such as enhanced stability, substrate specificity, and resistance to degradation. This review provides an overview of the properties and function of phytases, the microbial strains that produce them, and their industrial applications, focusing on new approaches.
Topics: Animals; Humans; 6-Phytase; Phytic Acid; Fungi; Food Industry; Phosphorus
PubMed: 37847302
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03471-1 -
The ISME Journal Aug 2023Microorganisms play crucial roles in phosphorus (P) turnover and P bioavailability increases in heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, microbially driven P-cycling...
Microorganisms play crucial roles in phosphorus (P) turnover and P bioavailability increases in heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, microbially driven P-cycling processes and mechanisms of their resistance to heavy metal contaminants remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the possible survival strategies of P-cycling microorganisms in horizontal and vertical soil samples from the world's largest antimony (Sb) mining site, which is located in Xikuangshan, China. We found that total soil Sb and pH were the primary factors affecting bacterial community diversity, structure and P-cycling traits. Bacteria with the gcd gene, encoding an enzyme responsible for gluconic acid production, largely correlated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) solubilization and significantly enhanced soil P bioavailability. Among the 106 nearly complete bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered, 60.4% carried the gcd gene. Pi transportation systems encoded by pit or pstSCAB were widely present in gcd-harboring bacteria, and 43.8% of the gcd-harboring bacteria also carried the acr3 gene encoding an Sb efflux pump. Phylogenetic and potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) analyses of acr3 indicated that Sb efflux could be a dominant resistance mechanism, and two gcd-harboring MAGs appeared to acquire acr3 through HGT. The results indicated that Sb efflux could enhance P cycling and heavy metal resistance in Pi-solubilizing bacteria in mining soils. This study provides novel strategies for managing and remediating heavy metal-contaminated ecosystems.
Topics: Antimony; Soil; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Phylogeny; Environmental Monitoring; Soil Pollutants; Metals, Heavy; Bacteria; Microbiota; China; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37270585
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01445-6 -
Trends in Plant Science Sep 2023Subtropical and tropical forests in Asia often comprise canopy dominant trees that form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and species-rich understorey trees that... (Review)
Review
Subtropical and tropical forests in Asia often comprise canopy dominant trees that form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and species-rich understorey trees that form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We propose a virtuous phosphorus acquisition hypothesis to explain this distinct structure. The hypothesis is based on (i) seedlings being rapidly colonised by ectomycorrhizal fungi from established mycelial networks that generates positive feedback and resistance to pathogens, (ii) ectomycorrhizal fungi having evolved a suite of morphological, physiological, and molecular traits to enable them to capture phosphorus from a diversity of chemical forms, including organic forms, and (iii) allocation of photosynthate carbon from adult host plants to provide the energy needed to undertake these processes.
Topics: Forests; Symbiosis; Mycorrhizae; Trees; Phosphorus; Soil Microbiology; Soil
PubMed: 37087357
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.027 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Intercropping systems can improve soil fertility and health, however, soil microbial communities and functional genes related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling...
Macrogenomics reveal the effects of inter-cropping perilla on kiwifruit: impact on inter-root soil microbiota and gene expression of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in kiwifruit.
Intercropping systems can improve soil fertility and health, however, soil microbial communities and functional genes related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling under the intercropping system of mesquite and perilla have not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, different planting densities and varieties of (L.) Britt and kiwifruit were used for intercropping, and changes in soil microbial communities and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling genes in kiwifruit inter-roots under inter-cropping conditions were investigated by macro-genome sequencing technology. The results showed that intercropping with Perill caused a decrease in most soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, and had a significant impact on the microbial (bacteria and fungi) diversity. Inter-cropping increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial phylum "Proteobacteria" and "Actinobacteria" by 47 and 57%, respectively, but decreased the relative abundance of the dominant fungal phylum "Chordata" and "Streptophyta" by 11 and 20%, respectively, in the inter-root soil of kiwifruit, and had a significant impact on the microbial (bacteria and fungi) diversity. In addition, inter-cropping could greatly increase the inter-root soil carbon sequestration (, and ), carbon degradation (), organic nitrogen mineralization (), denitrification (), organic phosphorus mineralization (), and inorganic phosphorus solubilization () gene abundance. The gene co-occurrence network indicated that soil , and gnd key functional genes for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in kiwifruit inter-root soils and their expression was up-regulated in the inter-cropping group. Structural equation (SEM) further showed that soil total nitrogen, organic matter, total carbon and acid phosphatase had significant effects on microbial diversity ( < 0.05) and soil carbon cycling gene korB and phosphorus cycling gene purH ( < 0.001), while korB and purH had positive effects on kiwifruit quality. In conclusion, intercropping perilla in kiwifruit orchards changed the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the inter-root soil of kiwifruit, but I believe that intercropping perilla stimulates carbon degradation, leading to carbon emission and serious loss of soil nutrients, and that prolonged intercropping may adversely affect the quality of kiwifruit, and thus its limitations should be noted in future studies.
PubMed: 38887707
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349305 -
MSphere May 2024Soil microbial community composition and diversity are often affected by nutrient enrichment, which may influence soil microbes to affect nutrient cycling and plant...
UNLABELLED
Soil microbial community composition and diversity are often affected by nutrient enrichment, which may influence soil microbes to affect nutrient cycling and plant community structure. However, the response of soil bacteria to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition and whether it is influenced by plants remains unclear. By 16S rRNA sequencing, we investigated the response of the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities of different halophytes (salt-rejecting, salt-absorbing, and salt-secreting plant) in the Yellow River Delta to short-term N and P addition. The response of rhizosphere bacterial diversity to N and P addition was opposite in and . N addition increased the rhizosphere soil bacterial α-diversity of and , while P addition decreased the rhizosphere bacterial α-diversity bacteria of . The N and P addition had a weak effect on the rhizosphere bacterial community composition and a significant effect on the bulk soil bacterial community composition of halophytes. The and bulk soil bacterial community were mainly influenced by P addition, while it was influenced by N addition in . N and P addition reduced the difference in bacterial community composition between the two types of soil. N and P addition increased the eutrophic taxa ( and ) and decreased the oligotrophic taxa (). Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic matter, salt, and total N content had significant effects on the bacterial community composition. The results clarify that the response of soil bacterial communities to N and P additions is inconsistent across the three halophyte soils, and the effect of plant species on the bacterial community was stronger than short-term N and P addition.
IMPORTANCE
The bulk soil bacterial community was more affected by nutrient addition. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have different effects on bacterial community. Soil organic matter is a key factor influencing the response of bacterial community to nutrient addition. N and P influence on bacterial community changes with plants.
Topics: Soil Microbiology; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Bacteria; Rhizosphere; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Chenopodiaceae; Soil; Biodiversity
PubMed: 38682927
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00226-24 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023The usage of flame retardants in flammable polymers has been an effective way to protect both lives and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus flame retardants...
The usage of flame retardants in flammable polymers has been an effective way to protect both lives and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus flame retardants have the potential to be follow-on flame retardants after halogenated variants, because of their low toxicity, high efficiency and compatibility. Recently, the emerging allotrope of phosphorus, two-dimensional black phosphorus, as a flame retardant has been developed. To further understand its performance in flame-retardant efficiency among phosphorus flame retardants, in this work, we built model materials to compare the flame-retardant performances of few-layer black phosphorus, red phosphorus nanoparticles, and triphenyl phosphate as flame-retardant additives in cellulose and polyacrylonitrile. Aside from the superior flame retardancy in polyacrylonitrile, few-layer black phosphorus in cellulose showed the superior flame-retardant efficiency in self-extinguishing, ~1.8 and ~4.4 times that of red phosphorus nanoparticles and triphenyl phosphate with similar lateral size and mass load (2.5~4.8 wt%), respectively. The char layer in cellulose coated with the few-layer black phosphorus after combustion was more continuous and smoother than that with red phosphorus nanoparticles, triphenyl phosphate and blank, and the amount of residues of cellulose coated with the few-layer black phosphorus in thermogravimetric analysis were 10 wt%, 14 wt% and 14 wt% more than that with red phosphorus nanoparticles, triphenyl phosphate and blank, respectively. In addition, although exothermic reactions, the combustion enthalpy changes in the few-layer black phosphorus (-127.1 kJ mol) are one third of that of red phosphorus nanoparticles (-381.3 kJ mol). Based on a joint thermodynamic, spectroscopic, and microscopic analysis, the superior flame retardancy of the few-layer black phosphorus was attributed to superior combustion reaction suppression from the two-dimensional structure and thermal nature of the few-layer black phosphorus.
Topics: Flame Retardants; Phosphorus; Cellulose; Polymers
PubMed: 37446723
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135062