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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Lipopolysaccharides are a type of polysaccharide mainly present in the bacterial outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies have revealed that...
Lipopolysaccharides are a type of polysaccharide mainly present in the bacterial outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies have revealed that lipopolysaccharides contribute to the immune response of the host by functioning as a cancer antigen. We retrospectively recruited 198 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery. The presence of lipopolysaccharides was determined using immunohistochemical staining, with the intensity score indicating positivity. The relationship between lipopolysaccharides and CD8, PD-L1, TGFBI (a representative downstream gene of TGF-β signaling), wnt3a, and E-cadherin (epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker) was also investigated. Thereafter, we identified 20 patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving nivolumab and investigated the relationship between lipopolysaccharides and nivolumab sensitivity. After staining for lipopolysaccharides in the nucleus of cancer cells, 150 negative (75.8%) and 48 positive cases (24.2%) were found. The lipopolysaccharide-positive group showed increased cancer stromal TGFBI expression ( < 0.0001) and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells ( = 0.0029). Lipopolysaccharide positivity was significantly correlated with increased wnt3a signaling ( = 0.0028) and decreased E-cadherin expression ( = 0.0055); however, no significant correlation was found between lipopolysaccharide expression and overall survival rate ( = 0.71). In contrast, high TGFBI expression in the presence of LPS was associated with a worse prognosis than that in the absence of LPS ( = 0.049). Among cases receiving nivolumab, the lipopolysaccharide-negative and -positive groups had disease control rates of 66.7% and 11.8%, respectively ( = 0.088). Lipopolysaccharide positivity was associated with wnt3a, TGF-β signaling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and was considered to tend to promote therapeutic resistance to nivolumab.
Topics: Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Nivolumab; B7-H1 Antigen; Stomach Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Biomarkers; Cadherins; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
PubMed: 37511547
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411790 -
Heliyon Jul 2023Regularly and scientifically participating in athletics is beneficial for physical and mental health. Mood or emotions are important component of psychology and a major...
BACKGROUND
Regularly and scientifically participating in athletics is beneficial for physical and mental health. Mood or emotions are important component of psychology and a major indicator of physical and mental health. Positive and negative mood or emotions can have a strong impact on physical responsiveness. The aim of the present study was to explore whether mood or emotional state influence performance in athletics.
METHODS
Mood, analyzed by Profile of Mood States, and emotional state, reflected by eye movement (looking at times and length), were used to predict track or field performance in training and competition.
RESULTS
1. The profile of track training (except 3rd week) resembled an iceberg profile (highest vigor scores) and the profile on the 3rd week resembled a "melting" iceberg profile, in which positive mood (vigor and self-esteem) was decreased and negative mood, particularly depression and anger, was significantly increased. The profile of field training almost overlapped, with the exception of depression decreasing markedly on the 3rd and 4th weeks. 2. Positive mood overpowered negative mood, particularly following a track competition; positive emotions exceed negative emotions following track and field competition. 3. The results of the regression analysis showed that an improvement in track performance was negatively correlated with a rise in total mood disturbance (TMD), and field performances were positively correlated with positivity of emotion, as tested by eye movement. 4. Good performance in track events appeared to be associated with decreased vigor and increased fatigue during 3rd and 4th track training; decreased depression and fatigue, and increased vigor as well as low observe length of watching negative emotional pictures (NEPs) before track competition. A good performance in field events appeared to be associated with anger decrease and confusion increase, increased fixation counts of watching positive emotional pictures (PEPs), and decreased fixation and observe counts of watching NEPs before field competition.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study proved that different indicators appeared to measure different sport performances: More indicators of Profile of Mood States inclined to predict track performance, while more eye movement indicators could predict field performance. Mixed methods could provide a better understanding of performance than a single approach alone. These findings provided theoretical support and supplementary data for practical applications in the design of comprehensive training programs.
PubMed: 37455956
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17860 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024There is no doubt that both Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), but the relationship between anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)...
BACKGROUND
There is no doubt that both Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), but the relationship between anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and AITDs is poorly studied. The association between thyroid autoantibody levels and ANA positivity was evaluated to assess the role of ANA in AITDs.
METHODS
We conducted an analysis using data from 1,149,893 patients registered at our hospital and 53,021 patients registered in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey databases. We focused on patients with data for thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)/ANA, TPOAb/immunoglobulin G (IgG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb)/ANA, TRAb/IgG, TSH/ANA, or TSH/IgG.
RESULTS
ANA positivity rates were 12.88% and 21.22% in TPOAb/ANA and TSH/ANA patients, respectively. In TPOAb/IgG and TSH/IgG data, high IgG levels (≥15 g/L) were detected in 2.23% and 4.06% of patients, respectively. There were significant differences in ANA positivity rates and high IgG proportions among patients with different TPOAb and TSH levels. TPOAb level was correlated with ANA positivity rate and high IgG proportion, and TSH level was correlated with ANA positivity rate. Regression analysis showed positive correlations between TPOAb levels and ANA positivity risk or high IgG risk, TSH levels and high IgG risk, and elevated TSH and ANA positivity risk. Of patients with TRAb/ANA data, 35.99% were ANA-positive, and 13.93% had TRAb levels ≥1.75IU/L; 18.96% of patients with TRAb/IgG data had high IgG levels, and 16.51% had TRAb levels ≥1.75IU/L. ANA positivity rate and high IgG proportion were not significantly different among different TRAb levels. TRAb levels, ANA positivity risk and high IgG risk were not correlated.
CONCLUSION
ANA positivity and high IgG are related to Hashimoto thyroiditis but not Graves' disease, which implies distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the AITDs.
Topics: Humans; Hashimoto Disease; Nutrition Surveys; Autoantibodies; Graves Disease; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Immunoglobulin G; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 38590826
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1368088 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023To explore the impact of diabetes itself and glycemic control status on tuberculosis (TB).
OBJECTIVES
To explore the impact of diabetes itself and glycemic control status on tuberculosis (TB).
METHODS
A total of 3393 patients with TB and diabetes mellitus (DM) who were hospitalized in the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively included and divided into three groups according to baseline glycemic control status: two groups according to glycemic status at discharge, two groups according to cavity occurrence, three groups according to sputum results, and three groups according to lesion location. The influencing factors and the differences in cavity occurrence, sputum positivity and lesion location among different glycemic control groups or between different glycemic status groups were analyzed.
RESULTS
In this TB with DM cohort, most of the subjects were male, with a male to female ratio of 4.54:1, most of them were 45-59 years old, with an average age of 57.44 ± 13.22 years old. Among them, 16.8% (569/3393) had cavities, 52.2% (1770/3393) were sputum positive, 30.4% (1030/3393) had simple intrapulmonary lesions, 68.1% (2311/3393) had both intra and extrapulmonary lesions, only 15.8% (537/3393) had good glycemic control,16.0% (542/3393) and 68.2% (2314/3393) had fair and poor glycemic control, respectively. Compared with the non-cavity group, the sputum-negative group and the extrapulmonary lesion group, the cavity group, sputum-positive group, intrapulmonary lesion group and the intra and extrapulmonary lesion group all had higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) and lower good glycemic control rates at admission (all <0.001). Another aspect, compared with the good glycemic control group, the poor glycemic control group had a higher cavity occurrence rate, sputum positive rate, and greater proportion of intrapulmonary lesions. Moreover, FPG and HbA1c levels and poor glycemic control were significantly positively correlated with cavity occurrence, sputum positivity, and intrapulmonary lesions and were the main risk factors for TB disease progression. On the other hand, cavity occurrence, sputum positivity, and intrapulmonary lesions were also main risk factors for hyperglycemia and poor glycemic control.
CONCLUSION
Diabetes itself and glycemic control status could impact TB disease. Good glycemic control throughout the whole process is necessary for patients with TB and DM to reduce cavity occurrence and promote sputum negative conversion and lesion absorption.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Glycated Hemoglobin; Retrospective Studies; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Glycemic Control; Diabetes Mellitus; Tuberculosis; Hyperglycemia
PubMed: 38027218
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250001 -
Clinical Psychological Science : a... Sep 2023Negative or stressful life events are robust risk factors for depression and anxiety. Less attention has been paid to positive aspects of events and whether positivity...
Negative or stressful life events are robust risk factors for depression and anxiety. Less attention has been paid to positive aspects of events and whether positivity buffers the impact of negative aspects of events. The present study examined positivity and negativity of interpersonal and non-interpersonal episodic life events in predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of 373 young adults. Regressions tested main and interactive effects of positivity and negativity ratings of events in predicting symptom factors (Fears, Anhedonia-Apprehension (AA), General Distress (GD)) relevant to anxiety and depression. A significant interaction demonstrated that positivity protected against high levels of negativity of non-interpersonal events in predicting GD. A main effect of interpersonal negativity predicting higher AA was observed. Results for Fears were non-significant. Findings suggest that positivity of life events may buffer against negativity in predicting symptoms shared between anxiety and depression.
PubMed: 37766940
DOI: 10.1177/21677026221141654 -
Future Science OA Oct 2023There are various reasons for drug failure in the developmental stage including toxicity, adverse effects and inefficacy. This is likely due to the differences in drug... (Review)
Review
There are various reasons for drug failure in the developmental stage including toxicity, adverse effects and inefficacy. This is likely due to the differences in drug behavior between a simple and controlled cell culture system to that of a more complex whole organism environment. While the use of human phenotypical cells relevant to the condition may provide more accurate screening results, they are susceptible to producing false positives as cells are continuously influenced by constant chemical and physical interaction with the surrounding microenvironment. Therefore, several microenvironmental and pharmacomechanical aspects must be factored in during tissue culture drug screening.
PubMed: 37752922
DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0027 -
Stroke and Vascular Neurology Dec 2023Brainomix e-Stroke is an artificial intelligence-based decision support tool that aids the interpretation of CT imaging in the context of acute stroke. While e-Stroke...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Brainomix e-Stroke is an artificial intelligence-based decision support tool that aids the interpretation of CT imaging in the context of acute stroke. While e-Stroke has the potential to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, real-world validation is essential. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the performance of Brainomix e-Stroke in an unselected cohort of patients with suspected acute ischaemic stroke.
METHODS
The study cohort included all patients admitted to the University College London Hospital Hyperacute Stroke Unit between October 2021 and April 2022. For e-ASPECTS and e-CTA, the ground truth was determined by a neuroradiologist with access to all clinical and imaging data. For e-CTP, the values of the core infarct and ischaemic penumbra were compared with those derived from syngo.via, an alternate software used at our institution.
RESULTS
1163 studies were performed in 551 patients admitted during the study period. Of these, 1130 (97.2%) were successfully processed by e-Stroke in an average of 4 min. For identifying acute middle cerebral artery territory ischaemia, e-ASPECTS had an accuracy of 77.0% and was more specific (83.5%) than sensitive (58.6%). The accuracy for identifying hyperdense thrombus was lower (69.1%), which was mainly due to many false positives (positive predictive value of 22.9%). Identification of acute haemorrhage was highly accurate (97.8%) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.6%; false positives were typically caused by areas of calcification. The accuracy of e-CTA for large vessel occlusions was 91.5%. The core infarct and ischaemic penumbra volumes provided by e-CTP strongly correlated with those provided by syngo.via (ρ=0.804-0.979).
CONCLUSION
Brainomix e-Stroke software provides rapid and reliable analysis of CT imaging in the acute stroke setting although, in line with the manufacturer's guidance, it should be used as an adjunct to expert interpretation rather than a standalone decision-making tool.
PubMed: 38164621
DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002859 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2023Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), but uncertainty remains about the associations between sero-positivity to different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC), but uncertainty remains about the associations between sero-positivity to different H. pylori antigens and risk of NCGC and cardia gastric cancer (CGC) in different populations.
METHODS
A case-cohort study in China included ∼500 each of incident NCGC and CGC cases and ∼2000 subcohort participants. Sero-positivity to 12 H. pylori antigens was measured in baseline plasma samples using a multiplex assay. Hazard ratios (HRs) of NCGC and CGC for each marker were estimated using Cox regression. These were further meta-analysed with studies using same assay.
RESULTS
In the subcohort, sero-positivity for 12 H. pylori antigens varied from 11.4% (HpaA) to 70.8% (CagA). Overall, 10 antigens showed significant associations with risk of NCGC (adjusted HRs: 1.33 to 4.15), and four antigens with CGC (HRs: 1.50 to 2.34). After simultaneous adjustment for other antigens, positive associations remained significant for NCGC (CagA, HP1564, HP0305) and CGC (CagA, HP1564, HyuA). Compared with CagA sero-positive only individuals, those who were positive for all three antigens had an adjusted HR of 5.59 (95% CI 4.68-6.66) for NCGC and 2.17 (95% CI 1.54-3.05) for CGC. In the meta-analysis of NCGC, the pooled relative risk for CagA was 2.96 (95% CI 2.58-3.41) [Europeans: 5.32 (95% CI 4.05-6.99); Asians: 2.41 (95% CI 2.05-2.83); Pheterogeneity<0.0001]. Similar pronounced population differences were also evident for GroEL, HP1564, HcpC and HP0305. In meta-analyses of CGC, two antigens (CagA, HP1564) were significantly associated with a higher risk in Asians but not Europeans.
CONCLUSIONS
Sero-positivity to several H. pylori antigens was significantly associated with an increased risk of NCGC and CGC, with varying effects between Asian and European populations.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Cohort Studies; Helicobacter Infections; Risk Factors; Antigens, Bacterial
PubMed: 36913255
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad007 -
Cancers Nov 2023BRAF positivity is associated with increased aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and age is an important prognostic factor. However, the association...
BRAF positivity is associated with increased aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and age is an important prognostic factor. However, the association between age and BRAF positivity and the recurrence risk has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age on recurrence between patients with BRAF-positive and -negative PTC. Patients with PTC who underwent initial thyroid surgery between January 2010 and December 2018 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Republic of Korea) were retrospectively reviewed. The BRAF-positive ( = 1768) and BRAF-negative groups ( = 428) were divided into two subgroups: younger (<35 years) and older groups (≥55 years). In the BRAF-positive group, the younger group exhibited higher lymphatic and vascular invasion rates, more positive lymph nodes, higher lymph node ratios, and higher recurrence rates than the older group (5.9% vs. 2.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, lymphatic invasion, and N category were significant risk factors in the BRAF-positive group. In the BRAF-positive group, the younger group had a higher recurrence risk than the older group (OR, 2.528; 95% confidence interval, 1.443-4.430; = 0.001). In the BRAF-negative group, age had no impact on recurrence risk. These results contribute to tailored treatment strategies and informed patient management.
PubMed: 38001654
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225395 -
Tumour Virus Research Dec 2023The incorporation of HPV DNA testing into cervical screening programs has shown that many HPV-positive women are cytologically normal, with HPV-positivity fluctuating... (Review)
Review
The incorporation of HPV DNA testing into cervical screening programs has shown that many HPV-positive women are cytologically normal, with HPV-positivity fluctuating throughout life. Such results suggest that papillomaviruses may persist in a latent state after disease clearance, with sporadic recurrence. It appears that virus latency represents a narrow slot in a wider spectrum of subclinical and possibly productive infections. Clinical studies, and animal model infection studies, suggested a key role for host immune surveillance in maintaining such asymptomatic infections, and although infections may also be cleared, most studies have used the term 'clearance' to describe a situation where the presence of HPV DNA falls below the clinical detection level. Given our knowledge of papillomavirus immune evasion strategies and the restricted pattern of viral gene expression required for 'basal cell' persistence, the term 'apparent clearance' and 'subclinical persistence' of infection may better summarise our understanding. Subclinical infection also encompasses the lag phase, which occurs between infection and lesion development. This is dependent on infection titre, with multifocal infections developing more rapidly to disease. These concepts can usefully influence patient management where HPV-positivity occurs sometime after the onset of sexual activity, and where vertical transmission is suspected despite a lag period.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Asymptomatic Infections; Early Detection of Cancer; Papillomaviridae; DNA
PubMed: 37354969
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2023.200268