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Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin Jul 2023We explored the psychology of those who believe in manifestation: the ability to cosmically attract success in life through positive self-talk, visualization, and...
We explored the psychology of those who believe in manifestation: the ability to cosmically attract success in life through positive self-talk, visualization, and symbolic actions (e.g., acting as if something is true). In three studies (collective = 1,023), we developed a reliable and valid measure-the Manifestation Scale-and found over one third of participants endorsed manifestation beliefs. Those who scored higher on the scale perceived themselves as more successful, had stronger aspirations for success, and believed they were more likely to achieve future success. They were also more likely to be drawn to risky investments, have experienced bankruptcy, and to believe they could achieve an unlikely level of success more quickly. We discuss the potential positives and negatives of this belief system in the context of growing public desire for success and an industry that capitalizes on these desires.
PubMed: 37421301
DOI: 10.1177/01461672231181162 -
Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure 2023Immunotherapy is now a vital target therapy in the advanced cases of lung adenocarcinoma. The outstanding result of therapies with medications that inhibit the...
BACKGROUND
Immunotherapy is now a vital target therapy in the advanced cases of lung adenocarcinoma. The outstanding result of therapies with medications that inhibit the interaction of programmed death ligand 1 with programmed death protein 1 has revolutionarized prognostic treatment regimes.
AIMS
The study was undertaken with the objectives to analyze the detailed histomorphological features of adenocarcinoma lung with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and to compare the histomorphological features with PD-L1 negative group.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study is a retrospective case series with 100 cases of non-small cell lung cancer-adenocarcinoma phenotype in which testing for PD-L1 had been done using immunohistochemistry. Detailed histomorphological analysis and comparison was performed for both the PD-L1 positive and negative phenotype.
RESULTS
Histomorphological features of 25 cases with positive PD-L1 positivity in the tumor cells and 75 cases that were negative for PD-L1 were analyzed. The most frequent pattern in the category that was PD-L1 positive was singly scattered cells or loose clusters present in 84% cases followed by solid nests that was identified in 60% cases. The presence of solid nests in the PD-L1 positive category was statistically significant ( = 0.018). Mucin was identified in 24% cases, and tumor necrosis was documented in 60% cases with PD-L1 positivity. In the cluster that was PD-L1 positive, 92% cases had moderate-to-severe nuclear pleomorphism.
CONCLUSION
The identification of histomorphological patterns and characteristics may aid in triaging cases that have the likelihood to harbor PD-L1-positive phenotype, which has predictive and prognostic outcome.
PubMed: 38213647
DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_52_21 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023People with HIV (PWH) are known to have underlying inflammation and immune activation despite virologic control. Substance use including opioid dependence is common in...
INTRODUCTION
People with HIV (PWH) are known to have underlying inflammation and immune activation despite virologic control. Substance use including opioid dependence is common in this population and is associated with increased morbidity and reduced lifespan. The primary objective of the present study termed opioid immunity study (OPIS), was to investigate the impact of chronic opioids in PWH.
METHODS
The study recruited people with and without HIV who had opioid use disorder (OUD). Study participants (n=221) were categorized into four groups: HIV+OP+, n=34; HIV-OP+, n=66; HIV+OP-, n=55 and HIV-OP-, n=62 as controls. PWH were virally suppressed on ART and those with OUD were followed in a syringe exchange program with confirmation of OP use by urine drug screening. A composite cytokine score was developed for 20 plasma cytokines that are linked to inflammation. Cellular markers of immune activation (IA), exhaustion, and senescence were determined in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Regression models were constructed to examine the relationships of HIV status and opioid use, controlling for other confounding factors.
RESULTS
HIV+OP+ participants exhibited highest inflammatory cytokines and cellular IA, followed by HIV-OP+ for inflammation and HIV+OP- for IA. Inflammation was found to be driven more by opioid use than HIV positivity while IA was driven more by HIV than opioid use. In people with OUD, expression of CD38 on CD28-CD57+ senescent-like T cells was elevated and correlated positively with inflammation.
DISCUSSION
Given the association of inflammation with a multitude of adverse health outcomes, our findings merit further investigations to understand the mechanistic pathways involved.
Topics: Humans; Analgesics, Opioid; HIV Infections; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Inflammation; Cytokines; Opioid-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38022645
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277491 -
European Review For Medical and... Mar 2024OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the present study was to determine the success of single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) in...
UNLABELLED
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the present study was to determine the success of single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) in detecting critical coronary artery disease (CAD) as identified by invasive coronary angiography (ICA), as well as to compare the positive predictive values (PPV) of different stress methods. Our secondary aim was to investigate demographic, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic variables that could predict true positive results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 317 consecutive patients. Exercise, dipyridamole, adenosine, or dobutamine were used as stress methods. According to the results of ICA, patients with and without critical CAD were divided into two groups and compared statistically. The independent predictors of true positive results of positive SPECT-MPI were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLRA). RESULTS: Among the patients, 129 (40.7%) were found to have critical CAD (+) and 188 (50.3%) critical CAD (-). The PPVs of different stress methods were similar. Age, diabetes, and monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) were found to be independent predictors of critical CAD in MLRA (p<0.005, p=0.002, and p<0.005, respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed 81.4% sensitivity and 47.3% specificity (AUC: 0.683) at a cut-off of 57 for age and 72.1% sensitivity and 54.3% specificity (AUC: 0.649) for MHR at a cut-off of 9.7. CONCLUSIONS: The true positivity rate of SPECT-MPI is low. Moreover, this rate is much lower for women. The PPVs of different stress methods are similar. Age, presence of diabetes, and MHR ratio are independent predictors for true positive results of SPECT-MPI.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-abstract-9.jpg.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Adenosine; Coronary Artery Disease; Dobutamine; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38497864
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35595 -
Viruses Aug 2023Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-known risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). People...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-known risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). People with HIV infection (PWH) are at increased risk for EBV-associated malignancies such as HL and NHL. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the burden of EBV among this population group in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the burden of EBV infection among adult HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia and assess the determinants of EBV DNA positivity. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021. Two hundred and sixty individuals were enrolled in this study, including 179 HIV-positive and 81 HIV-negative individuals. A structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic and individual attributes. In addition, the clinical data of patients were also retrieved from clinical records. EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG antibody was measured by multiplex flow immunoassay, and EBV DNA levels were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) assays targeting the open reading frame (ORF). Descriptive statistics were conducted to assess each study variable. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the determinants of EBV infection. Statistical significance was determined at a -value < 0.05. Two hundred and fifty-three (97.7%) study participants were seropositive for the EBV VCA IgG antibody. Disaggregated by HIV status, 99.4% of HIV-positive and 93.8% of HIV-negative participants were EBV seropositive. In this study, 49.7% of HIV-positive and 24.7% of HIV-negative individuals were EBV DNA positive. PWH had a higher risk of EBV DNA positivity at 3.05 times (AOR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.40-6.67). Moreover, among PWH, those with an HIV viral load greater than 1000 RNA copies/mL (AOR = 5.81, 95% CI = 1.40, 24.13) had a higher likelihood of EBV DNA positivity. The prevalence of EBV among PWH was significantly higher than among HIV-negative individuals. Higher HIV viral loads in PWH were associated with an increased risk of EBV DNA positivity. Since the increases in the viral load of EBV DNA among PWH could be related to the risk of developing EBV-associated cancers, it is necessary for more research on the role of EBV in EBV-associated cancer in this population group to be carried out.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; HIV Infections; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Seropositivity; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Hodgkin Disease; Antibodies, Viral; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 37632085
DOI: 10.3390/v15081743 -
Acta Psychologica Mar 2024Exposure to body-positive imagery plays a positive role in women's body image. However, literature has not examined if this is the case for men too. In this study...
Does body positivity work for men as it does for women? The impact of idealized body and body positive imagery on body satisfaction, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity.
Exposure to body-positive imagery plays a positive role in women's body image. However, literature has not examined if this is the case for men too. In this study (N = 207), we examined the impact of idealized body and body-positive imagery on both men's and women's body satisfaction and body image concerns. Participants were asked to report their positive and negative mood, body satisfaction, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity before and after being exposed to either control (landscapes and animals), idealized body, or body-positive imagery. Results showed that women were overall more dissatisfied with their bodies and reported a stronger negative mood and a higher drive for thinness than men. Men, instead, reported a higher drive for muscularity. Exposure to idealized body imagery decreased positive mood and body satisfaction in both men and women. In contrast, exposure to body-positive imagery increased body satisfaction and decreased the drive for thinness in both men and women. Drive for muscularity was not affected by the type of imagery. The findings show that idealized body and body-positive imagery have similar effects on men and women and showcase the importance of considering the effects of body-positivity content for both genders.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Thinness; Body Image; Drive; Gender Identity; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 38215542
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104126 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Apr 2024We reviewed data obtained in October 2021-May 2023 from youth who reported a history of sexual activity upon admission to 1 of 12 juvenile justice facilities in Utah,... (Review)
Review
We reviewed data obtained in October 2021-May 2023 from youth who reported a history of sexual activity upon admission to 1 of 12 juvenile justice facilities in Utah, USA, that offered screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urinalysis revealed C. trachomatis positivity of 10.77%, N. gonorrhoeae positivity of 1.08%, and coinfection C. trachomatis N. gonorrhoeae) of 0.90%. Prevalence of infection was similar for youths in rural and urban facilities. A total of 12.01% of those identifying as male and 14.01% of those identifying as female tested positive for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or coinfection. Of young adults who tested positive, 74.65% received their results while incarcerated, all of whom accepted treatment. Our research underscores the feasibility of providing prompt C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae screening and treatment in juvenile correctional facilities. The pervasiveness of infection emphasizes the urgent need for early identification and treatment for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in incarcerated youth nationwide.
Topics: Young Adult; Adolescent; Male; Female; Humans; Gonorrhea; Chlamydia Infections; Utah; Coinfection; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis; Correctional Facilities; Prevalence; Mass Screening
PubMed: 38561843
DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230712 -
JTO Clinical and Research Reports Sep 2023In advanced-stage NSCLC, tumor proportion score (TPS) is typically used to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, in other cancer...
INTRODUCTION
In advanced-stage NSCLC, tumor proportion score (TPS) is typically used to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, in other cancer types, the combined positive score (CPS), which covers programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on both tumor and surrounding immune cells, is used. We investigated the predictive value of CPS in comparison to TPS in advanced NSCLC.
METHODS
A monocenter, retrospective study was performed in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI monotherapy between 2015 and 2021. Hematoxylin and eosin and PD-L1 were stained on baseline tumor biopsy samples to score PD-L1 by both TPS and CPS. Positivity for TPS and CPS was defined as a score of 1% or above. Progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were assessed for TPS and CPS scores.
RESULTS
Among the 187 included patients, PD-L1 positivity was found in 112 patients (59.9%) by TPS and 135 patients (72.2%) by CPS. There was no significant difference in OS between TPS and TPS patients ( = 0.20). Nevertheless, CPS patients did have a longer OS than CPS patients ( = 0.006). OS was superior in both TPS/CPS and TPS/CPS as compared with TPS/CPS cases ( = 0.018 and = 0.015, respectively), whereas no considerable differences in OS were found between TPS/CPS and TPS/CPS cases.
CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective real-world population study revealed that CPS differentiated OS better than TPS in patients with advanced NSCLC with ICI monotherapy. Remarkably, this was driven by the performance of the TPS/CPS subgroup, indicating that CPS may be a better predictive biomarker for ICI efficacy.
PubMed: 37681219
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100532 -
Nature Communications Sep 2023Advances in sequencing technologies have empowered epitranscriptomic profiling at the single-base resolution. Putative RNA modification sites identified from a single...
Advances in sequencing technologies have empowered epitranscriptomic profiling at the single-base resolution. Putative RNA modification sites identified from a single high-throughput experiment may contain one type of modification deposited by different writers or different types of modifications, along with false positive results because of the challenge of distinguishing signals from noise. However, current tools are insufficient for subtyping, visualization, and denoising these signals. Here, we present iMVP, which is an interactive framework for epitranscriptomic analysis with a nonlinear dimension reduction technique and density-based partition. As exemplified by the analysis of mRNA mC and ModTect variant data, we show that iMVP allows the identification of previously unknown RNA modification motifs and writers and the discovery of false positives that are undetectable by traditional methods. Using putative mA/mAm sites called from 8 profiling approaches, we illustrate that iMVP enables comprehensive comparison of different approaches and advances our understanding of the difference and pattern of true positives and artifacts in these methods. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of iMVP to analyze an extremely large human A-to-I editing dataset that was previously unmanageable. Our work provides a general framework for the visualization and interpretation of epitranscriptomic data.
Topics: Humans; Artifacts; Nucleotide Motifs; RNA, Messenger; Technology
PubMed: 37741827
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41653-4 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Nov 2023There is currently little research into factors predicting the results of an initial diagnostic oral food challenge (OFC) test for food protein-induced enterocolitis...
BACKGROUND
There is currently little research into factors predicting the results of an initial diagnostic oral food challenge (OFC) test for food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES).
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to identify predictors of the diagnosis of hen's egg yolk-induced FPIES (HEY-FPIES).
METHODS
The present monocentric study was performed at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center and included patients who underwent hen's egg yolk OFC (HEY-OFC) between March 2018 and March 2023 to assess for HEY-FPIES. The baseline characteristics of the groups and HEY-OFC positivity or negativity were then compared. Univariate analysis was conducted by using the Mann-Whitney test or Fisher exact test. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to create probability curves.
RESULTS
In total, 35 patients were analyzed; of these, 17 were HEY-OFC-positive. No significant difference was observed between the HEY-OFC-positive and HEY-OFC-negative groups in terms of background factors except for the HEY-LST value, which was significantly higher in the HEY-LST group ( = .027). Receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve for HEY-OFC positivity using the HEY-LST value was 0.719 (95% CI = 0.541-0.897). The statistically optimal cutoff value for the HEY-LST was 610%, which had a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 64.7% and 83.3%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrated that the HEY-LST may be a useful predictor of the result of an initial OFC for HEY-FPIES.
PubMed: 37781670
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100138