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Biomolecules Dec 2023The advancement of stem cell therapy has offered transformative therapeutic outcomes for a wide array of diseases over the past decades. Consequently, stem cell tracking... (Review)
Review
The advancement of stem cell therapy has offered transformative therapeutic outcomes for a wide array of diseases over the past decades. Consequently, stem cell tracking has become significant in revealing the mechanisms of action and ensuring safe and effective treatments. Fluorescence stands out as a promising choice for stem cell tracking due to its myriad advantages, including high resolution, real-time monitoring, and multi-fluorescence detection. Furthermore, combining fluorescence with other tracking modalities-such as bioluminescence imaging (BLI), positron emission tomography (PET), photoacoustic (PA), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR)-can address the limitations of single fluorescence detection. This review initially introduces stem cell tracking using fluorescence imaging, detailing various labeling strategies such as green fluorescence protein (GFP) tagging, fluorescence dye labeling, and nanoparticle uptake. Subsequently, we present several combinations of strategies for efficient and precise detection.
Topics: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Positron-Emission Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 38136656
DOI: 10.3390/biom13121787 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Jul 2023Fast and low-dose reconstructions of medical images are highly desired in clinical routines. We propose a hybrid deep-learning and iterative reconstruction (hybrid...
Fast and low-dose reconstructions of medical images are highly desired in clinical routines. We propose a hybrid deep-learning and iterative reconstruction (hybrid DL-IR) framework and apply it for fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fast positron emission tomography (PET), and low-dose computed tomography (CT) image generation tasks. First, in a retrospective MRI study (6,066 cases), we demonstrate its capability of handling 3- to 10-fold under-sampled MR data, enabling organ-level coverage with only 10- to 100-s scan time; second, a low-dose CT study (142 cases) shows that our framework can successfully alleviate the noise and streak artifacts in scans performed with only 10% radiation dose (0.61 mGy); and last, a fast whole-body PET study (131 cases) allows us to faithfully reconstruct tumor-induced lesions, including small ones (<4 mm), from 2- to 4-fold-accelerated PET acquisition (30-60 s/bp). This study offers a promising avenue for accurate and high-quality image reconstruction with broad clinical value.
Topics: Deep Learning; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 37467726
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101119 -
Annals of Hematology Dec 2023In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a positive interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan predicts treatment failure, but the proportion of high-risk patients...
In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a positive interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan predicts treatment failure, but the proportion of high-risk patients thus identified is small. To improve prediction, we combined the interim PET result with the presence or absence of an associated IgM gammopathy. Of 108 DLBCL patients participating in a prospective trial, nine (8%) were interim PET positive and 19 (18%) had an IgM gammopathy. The monoclonal protein was not associated with distinguishing genetic features, and its light chain restriction was not always concordant with the light chain restriction of the lymphoma. The information provided by interim PET and IgM gammopathy was combined to dichotomize the population into sizeable high-risk (1-2 adverse factors) and low-risk groups (no adverse factor) with widely different outcomes (population size, 25% vs. 75%; 3-year risk of progression, 51% vs. 10%; 3-year overall survival, 64% vs. 95%). Multivariable analyses including established risk factors revealed the interim PET result and the IgM gammopathy status to be the only factors significantly associated with outcome. Information about interim PET response and IgM gammopathy may be useful in studies testing risk-adapted treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Prognosis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Paraproteinemias; Immunoglobulin M; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 37566280
DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05393-1 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Aug 2023To provide an overview of the current available data about FAPI PET in breast cancer patients, with a perspective point of view. A literature search for studies about...
To provide an overview of the current available data about FAPI PET in breast cancer patients, with a perspective point of view. A literature search for studies about FAPI PET in the last 5 years (from 2017 to January 2023) was carried out on MEDLINE databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the following keywords: "PET" AND "FAPI" AND "Breast Cancer" AND "Fibroblast imaging". The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist for diagnostic test studies was used for testing the quality of selected papers. 13 articles were selected, including 172 patients affected by breast cancer who underwent FAPI-based PET images. CASP checklist was used in 5/13 papers, demonstrating a general low quality. Different types of FAPI-based tracers were used. No difference in terms of FAPI uptake was reported based on the histopathological characteristics, such as immunohistochemistry and grading of breast cancer. FAPI demonstrated more lesions and yielded much higher tumor-to-background ratios than 2-[18F]FDG. Preliminary experiences with FAPI PET in breast cancer showed some advantages than the current available 2-[18F]FDG, although prospective trials are needed to further evaluate its diagnostic utility in clinical practice.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37341971
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-023-01852-x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Success of gene therapy relies on the durable expression and activity of transgene in target tissues. In vivo molecular imaging approaches using positron emission...
Success of gene therapy relies on the durable expression and activity of transgene in target tissues. In vivo molecular imaging approaches using positron emission tomography (PET) can non-invasively measure magnitude, location, and durability of transgene expression via direct transgene or indirect reporter gene imaging in target tissues, providing the most proximal PK/PD biomarker for gene therapy trials. Herein, we report the radiosynthesis of a novel PET tracer [F]AGAL, targeting alpha galactosidase A (α-GAL), a lysosomal enzyme deficient in Fabry disease, and evaluation of its selectivity, specificity, and pharmacokinetic properties in vitro. [F]AGAL was synthesized via a Cu-catalyzed click reaction between fluorinated pentyne and an aziridine-based galactopyranose precursor with a high yield of 110 mCi, high radiochemical purity of >97% and molar activity of 6 Ci/µmol. The fluorinated AGAL probe showed high α-GAL affinity with of 30 nM, high pharmacological selectivity (≥50% inhibition on >160 proteins), and suitable pharmacokinetic properties (moderate to low clearance and stability in plasma across species). In vivo [F]AGAL PET imaging in mice showed high uptake in peripheral organs with rapid renal clearance. These promising results encourage further development of this PET tracer for in vivo imaging of α-GAL expression in target tissues affected by Fabry disease.
Topics: Mice; Animals; alpha-Galactosidase; Fabry Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Hydrolases; Fluorine Radioisotopes
PubMed: 37894622
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207144 -
JCO Oncology Practice Oct 2023To evaluate the use of interim positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans and Deauville 5-point scale (5PS) score reporting for stage III/IV classic... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Real-World Use of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography and Reported Deauville Scores in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Community Oncology Practice Perspective.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the use of interim positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans and Deauville 5-point scale (5PS) score reporting for stage III/IV classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treated frontline (1L) in community oncology settings.
METHODS
This retrospective, observational study included adults with stage III/IV cHL initiating 1L doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD), brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine, or an escalated dosing regimen of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone within the US Oncology Network between January 2017 and October 2019. Data were collected from electronic health records and chart reviews and summarized descriptively.
RESULTS
A total of 262 patients were included; 48.9% were age 39 years or younger. Most were male (57%), White (59%), had an International Prognostic Score <4 (76%), and received 1L ABVD (74%). Forty-nine percent of patients had stage III and 51% had stage IV cHL. Of 258 patients with ≥1 PET-CT scan, 71% (n = 184) had an interim scan and 64% received ≥1 scan at an off-site location. Of patients treated 1L with ABVD who received a baseline and interim scan, Deauville 5PS scores were not documented for 45% of patients; in 90% of these cases, a standardized uptake value (SUV) was reported.
CONCLUSION
In community oncology settings, under-reporting of Deauville 5PS scores for interim PET-CT scans was observed. In the absence of Deauville 5PS scores, SUV results were generally provided. These results highlight educational opportunities that exist for PET-adapted ABVD, including consistency in reporting/utilization of Deauville 5PS scores to de-escalate or escalate treatment.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Vinblastine; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Retrospective Studies; Bleomycin; Doxorubicin; Dacarbazine; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37651672
DOI: 10.1200/OP.23.00021 -
Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear Medicine Apr 2024We report on a patient diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma who was scheduled for [F]FDG PET/CT as part of routine follow-up after treatment with two cycles of chemotherapy...
We report on a patient diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma who was scheduled for [F]FDG PET/CT as part of routine follow-up after treatment with two cycles of chemotherapy and mediastinal external beam radiation. Although the patient was advised to fast for at least four hours, an energy drink (Red Bull ) was ingested right after radiotracer administration, which led to increased uptake in the large skeletal muscles, thereby rendering this scan as non-diagnostic. After strictly following respective dietary recommendations, the repeated scan then provided excellent image quality and revealed response to treatment. In the present case report, we discuss the impact of major ingredients (sugar, caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone) of Red Bull on large muscle uptake, which may also apply to "sugar-free" types of this popular energy drink. Moreover, this case reports demonstrates the importance to inform patients that they should avoid intake of energy drinks not only prior to but also after injection of [F]FDG.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Caffeine; Energy Drinks; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 38134943
DOI: 10.1055/a-2195-0138 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Dec 2023Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of complex neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Functional and molecular imaging techniques, such as resting-state... (Review)
Review
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of complex neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Functional and molecular imaging techniques, such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), can be used to measure network activity noninvasively and longitudinally during maturation in both humans and rodent models. Here, we review the current knowledge on rs-fMRI and PET biomarkers in the study of normal and abnormal neurodevelopment, including intellectual disability (ID; with/without epilepsy), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in humans and rodent models from birth until adulthood, and evaluate the cross-species translational value of the imaging biomarkers. To date, only a few isolated studies have used rs-fMRI or PET to study (abnormal) neurodevelopment in rodents during infancy, the critical period of neurodevelopment. Further work to explore the feasibility of performing functional imaging studies in infant rodent models is essential, as rs-fMRI and PET imaging in transgenic rodent models of NDDs are powerful techniques for studying disease pathogenesis, developing noninvasive preclinical imaging biomarkers of neurodevelopmental dysfunction, and evaluating treatment-response in disease-specific models.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Epilepsy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Biomarkers; Brain
PubMed: 38073598
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1043-23.2023 -
European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular... Sep 2023Nuclear imaging techniques can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with... (Review)
Review
Nuclear imaging techniques can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with other imaging modalities. Combined imaging of myocardial perfusion and metabolism can identify left ventricle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischaemia that may be reversible after revascularization in the presence of viable myocardium. High sensitivity of nuclear imaging to detect targeted tracers has enabled assessment of various cellular and subcellular mechanisms of heart failure. Nuclear imaging of active inflammation and amyloid deposition is incorporated into clinical management algorithms of cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Innervation imaging has well-documented prognostic value with respect to heart failure progression and arrhythmias. Emerging tracers specific for inflammation and myocardial fibrotic activity are in earlier stages of development but have demonstrated potential value in early characterization of the response to myocardial injury and prediction of adverse left ventricular remodelling. Early detection of disease activity is a key for transition from broad medical treatment of clinically overt heart failure towards a personalized approach aimed at supporting repair and preventing progressive failure. This review outlines the current status of nuclear imaging in phenotyping heart failure and combines it with discussion on novel developments.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Heart; Cardiomyopathies; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Inflammation; Perfusion
PubMed: 37294318
DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead128 -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2023Microplastics and nanoplastics have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. The threat these plastics pose to human health has fueled research focused on their...
Microplastics and nanoplastics have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. The threat these plastics pose to human health has fueled research focused on their pathophysiology and toxicology, yet many of their fundamental properties - for example, their in vivo pharmacokinetics - remain poorly understood. In this investigation, we have harnessed positron emission tomography (PET) to track the in vivo fate of micro- and nanoplastics administered to mice intratracheally and intravenously. To this end, 1 μm and 20 nm diameter amine-functionalized polystyrene particles were modified with an isothiocyanate-bearing variant of desferrioxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with the positron-emitting radiometal [Zr]Zr. Both radioplastics - [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS1000 and [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS20 - were produced in ∼95% radiochemical yield and found to be >85% stable to demetallation over one week at 37 °C in human serum and simulated lung fluid. The incubation of [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS1000 and [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS20 with MH-S cells revealed that the majority of the former were phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages within 4 h, while the latter largely evaded consumption. Finally, the in vivo behavior of the radioplastics was interrogated in mice upon intravenous and intratracheal administration. PET imaging and biodistribution experiments revealed that the intravenously injected plastics accumulated primarily in the liver and spleen, yielding hepatic radioactivity concentrations of 101 ± 48 %ID/g and 92 ± 22 %ID/g at 168 h post-injection for [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS1000 and [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS20 respectively. In contrast, the mice that received the radioplastics via intratracheal installation displayed the highest uptake in the lungs at the end of one week: 4 ± 2 %ID/g for [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS1000 and 32 ± 6 %ID/g for [Zr]Zr-DFO-PS20. Ultimately, this work illustrates the critical role that the route of exposure plays in the bioaccumulation of plastic particles, reveals that size dramatically influences the pulmonary retention of inhaled particles, and underscores the value of PET imaging as a tool for studying the pharmacokinetics of environmental pollutants.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Radioisotopes; Microplastics; Tissue Distribution; Plastics; Deferoxamine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Zirconium; Environmental Pollutants; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37586535
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166320