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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it... (Review)
Review
: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it contains, particularly , , , , and . Zinc, owing to its antibacterial properties, can be employed in periodontology. The objective of this review was to analyze scientific literature that examines the effects of zinc on periopathogens. : A systematic review protocol of scientific literature was designed following PRISMA recommendations. Data search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Full-text articles in English that examine the effects of zinc on periopathogens and were published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis based on inclusion criteria. ZnO exhibited antibacterial activity against and ( < 0.001). The minimum inhibitory concentration against was 10 μg/mL. ZnO demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones of 15.10 mm for , 13.36 mm for , 12.98 mm for , and 14.01 mm for Zn (II)-based polymers inhibited the and genes of . Titanium dental implants coated with ZnO effectively disrupted the cell walls of and . ZnO inhibited the growth of within 2 h and the growth of and within 3 h. ZnO exhibited nontoxic effects, and concentrations up to 0.8 mg/L increased cell survival rates by up to 90%. The analysis of the literature confirms the antibacterial action of zinc against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. At low concentrations, these substances do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Organic Chemicals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 38138191
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122088 -
MicrobiologyOpen Apr 2024Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative bacterium from the Bacteroidota phylum, is associated with periodontitis. Other species within this phylum are known to possess...
Prevotella intermedia, a Gram-negative bacterium from the Bacteroidota phylum, is associated with periodontitis. Other species within this phylum are known to possess the general O-glycosylation system. The O-glycoproteome has been characterized in several species, including Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Flavobacterium johnsoniae. In our study, we used electron cryotomography (cryoET) and glycoproteomics to reveal the ultrastructure of P. intermedia and characterize its O-glycoproteome. Our cryoET analysis unveiled the ultrastructural details of the cell envelope and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of P. intermedia. We observed an electron-dense surface layer surrounding both cells and OMVs. The OMVs were often large (>200 nm) and presented two types, with lumens being either electron-dense or translucent. LC-MS/MS analyses of P. intermedia fractions led to the identification of 1655 proteins, which included 62 predicted T9SS cargo proteins. Within the glycoproteome, we identified 443 unique O-glycosylation sites within 224 glycoproteins. Interestingly, the O-glycosylation motif exhibited a broader range than reported in other species, with O-glycosylation found at D(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V/S/C/G/F/N/E/Q/D/P). We identified a single O-glycan with a delta mass of 1531.48 Da. Its sequence was determined by MS2 and MS3 analyses using both collision-induced dissociation and high-energy collisional dissociation fragmentation modes. After partial deglycosylation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, the O-glycan sequence was confirmed to be dHex-dHex-HexNAc (HPO -C H O )-dHex-Hex-HexA-Hex(dHex). Bioinformatic analyses predicted the localization of O-glycoproteins, with 73 periplasmic proteins, 53 inner membrane proteins, 52 lipoproteins, 26 outer membrane proteins, and 14 proteins secreted by the T9SS.
Topics: Glycosylation; Prevotella intermedia; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Proteome; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38409911
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1401 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Gut microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis through microbes and their metabolites, while oral pathogens are the major components of...
OBJECTIVE
Gut microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis through microbes and their metabolites, while oral pathogens are the major components of CRC-associated microbes. Multiple studies have identified gut and fecal microbiome-derived biomarkers for precursors lesions of CRC detection. However, few studies have used salivary samples to predict colorectal polyps. Therefore, in order to find new noninvasive colorectal polyp biomarkers, we searched into the differences in fecal and salivary microbiota between patients with colorectal polyps and healthy controls.
METHODS
In this case-control study, we collected salivary and fecal samples from 33 patients with colorectal polyps (CP) and 22 healthy controls (HC) between May 2021 and November 2022. All samples were sequenced using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and compared with the Nucleotide Sequence Database. The salivary and fecal microbiota signature of colorectal polyps was established by alpha and beta diversity, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and random forest model analysis. In addition, the possibility of microbiota in identifying colorectal polyps was assessed by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC).
RESULTS
In comparison to the HC group, the CP group's microbial diversity increased in saliva and decreased in feces ( < 0.05), but there was no significantly difference in microbiota richness ( > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in β-diversity of salivary and fecal microbiota between the CP and HC groups. Moreover, LEfSe analysis at the species level identified and as the major contributors to the salivary microbiota, and and to the fecal microbiota of patients with polyps. Salivary and fecal bacterial biomarkers showed Area Under ROC Curve of 0.8167 and 0.8051, respectively, which determined the potential of diagnostic markers in distinguishing patients with colorectal polyps from controls, and it increased to 0.8217 when salivary and fecal biomarkers were combined.
CONCLUSION
The composition and diversity of the salivary and fecal microbiota were significantly different in colorectal polyp patients compared to healthy controls, with an increased abundance of harmful bacteria and a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria. A promising non-invasive tool for the detection of colorectal polyps can be provided by potential biomarkers based on the microbiota of the saliva and feces.
PubMed: 37655344
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182346 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023 -
Nature Communications Feb 2024The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact...
The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact on local cancer development remains uncertain. Our study involving paired nasopharyngeal-oral microbial samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and controls unveils an aberrant oral-to-nasopharyngeal microbial translocation associated with increased NPC risk (OR = 4.51, P = 0.012). Thirteen species are classified as oral-translocated and enriched in NPC patients. Among these, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are validated through culturomics and clonal strain identification. Nasopharyngeal biopsy meta-transcriptomes confirm these microbes within tumors, influencing local microenvironment and cytokine response. These microbes correlate significantly with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in the nasopharynx, exhibiting an increased dose-response relationship. Collectively, our study identifies oral microbes migrating to the nasopharynx, infiltrating tumors, impacting microenvironments and linking with EBV infection. These results enhance our understanding of abnormal microbial communication and their roles in carcinogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Translocation, Genetic; Mouth; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38388556
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45518-2 -
Experimental Hematology & Oncology Mar 2024Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study showed that Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) were...
Heat-killed Prevotella intermedia promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the expression of tumor suppressors and affecting the tumor microenvironment.
BACKGROUND
Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study showed that Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) were enriched in the oral mucosal surface, plaque, and saliva of patients with OSCC. Intratumoral microbiome could reshape the immune system and influence the development of various tumors. However, the invasion status of human OSCC tissues by P. intermedia and the pathway through which intratumoral P. intermedia potentiates tumor progression remain unexplored.
METHODS
P. intermedia in human OSCC or normal tissues was detected by FISH. A mouse OSCC cell line SCC7 was adopted to investigate the effects of heat-killed P. intermedia treatment on cell proliferation, invasion, and cytokine release by using CCK-8 assay, transwell invasion assay and ELISA. Moreover, we established a mouse transplanted tumor model by using SCC7 cells, injected heat-killed P. intermedia into tumor tissues, and investigated the effects of heat-killed P. intermedia on tumor growth, invasion, cytokine levels, immune cell infiltrations, and expression levels by using gross observation, H&E staining, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, mRNA sequencing, and transcriptomic analysis.
RESULTS
Our results indicated that P. intermedia were abundant in OSCC and surrounding muscle tissues. Heat-killed P. intermedia promoted SCC7 cell proliferation, invasion and proinflammatory cytokine secretions, accelerated transplanted tumor growth in mice, exacerbate muscle and perineural invasion of OSCC, elevated the serum levels of IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and PD-L1, induced Treg cells M2 type macrophages in mouse transplanted tumors. The data of transcriptomic analysis revealed that heat-killed P. intermedia increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines while reduced the expression levels of some tumor suppressor genes in mouse transplanted tumors. Additionally, IL-17 signaling pathway was upregulated whereas GABAergic system was downregulated by heat-killed P. intermedia treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, our results suggest that P. intermedia could inhibit the expression of tumor suppressors, alter the tumor microenvironment, and promote the progression of OSCC.
PubMed: 38515216
DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00500-y -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Bacteria have to persist under low iron conditions in order to adapt to the nutritional immunity of a host. Since the knowledge of iron stimulon of is sparse, we...
Bacteria have to persist under low iron conditions in order to adapt to the nutritional immunity of a host. Since the knowledge of iron stimulon of is sparse, we examined oral (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) and gut (Bacteroides thataiotaomicron) representatives for their ability to adapt to iron deplete and iron replete conditions. Our transcriptomics and comparative genomics analysis show that many iron-regulated mechanisms are conserved within the phylum. They include genes upregulated in low iron, as follows: (flavodoxin), (hemin uptake operon), and loci encoding ABC transporters. Downregulated genes were (ferredoxin), (rubrerythrin), (succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase), (oxoglutarate oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase), and (pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase). Some genus-specific mechanisms, such as the of B. thetaiotaomicron coding for carbohydrate metabolism and the coding for xenosiderophore utilization were also identified. While all bacteria tested in our study had the operon coding for nitrite reduction and were able to reduce nitrite levels present in culture media, the expression of the operon was iron dependent only in B. thetaiotaomicron. It is noteworthy that we identified a significant overlap between regulated genes found in our study and the B. thetaiotaomicron colitis study (W. Zhu, M. G. Winter, L. Spiga, E. R. Hughes et al., Cell Host Microbe 27:376-388, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.010). Many of those commonly regulated genes were also iron regulated in the oral bacterial genera. Overall, this work points to iron being the master regulator enabling bacterial persistence in the host and paves the way for a more generalized investigation of the molecular mechanisms of iron homeostasis in . are an important group of anaerobic bacteria abundant both in the oral and gut microbiomes. Although iron is a required nutrient for most living organisms, the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the changing levels of iron are not well known in this group of bacteria. We defined the iron stimulon of by examination of the transcriptomic response of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia (both belong to the oral microbiome) and Bacteroidetes thetaiotaomicron (belongs to the gut microbiome). Our results indicate that many of the iron-regulated operons are shared among the three genera. Furthermore, using bioinformatics analysis, we identified a significant overlap between our studies and transcriptomic data derived from a colitis study, thus underscoring the biological significance of our work. Defining the iron-dependent stimulon of can help to identify the molecular mechanisms of iron-dependent regulation as well as better understand the persistence of the anaerobes in the human host.
Topics: Humans; Bacteroidetes; Ferredoxins; Flavodoxin; Nitrites; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Colitis; Inflammation
PubMed: 37314331
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04733-22 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2023Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely...
BACKGROUND
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the oral microbiota in the development of ORN. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oral microbiota and the extent of bone resorption in ORN patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients who received high-dose radiotherapy for HNC were enrolled. Tissue specimens were collected from the unaffected and affected sides. The diversity, species differences and marker species of the oral microbial community were determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS
The ORN group had greater microbial abundance and species diversity. The relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceaeand, f_Fusobacteriaceae, f_Porphyromonadaceae, f_Actinomycetaceae, f_Staphylococcaceae, g_Prevotella, g_Staphylococcus, s_Endodontalis and s_Intermedia were particular;y increased in ORN, suggesting a potential association between the oral microbiota and ORN. Furthermore, g_Prevotella, g_Streptococcus, s_parvula and s_mucilaginosa were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ORN. Association network analysis also suggested an overall imbalance in species diversity and ecological diversity in the oral microbiota of ORN patients. In addition, pathway analysis indicated that the dominant microbiota in ORN may disrupt bone regeneration by regulating specific metabolic pathways that increase osteoclastic activity.
CONCLUSION
Radiation-induced ORN is associated with significant changes in the oral microbiota, and the latter may play a potential role in the etiopathology of post-radiation ORN. The exact mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influence osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Humans; Osteoradionecrosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Health Status
PubMed: 37328857
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04219-y -
International Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023To assess and compare the antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and red laser (660 nm) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), indocyanine green (ICG) and...
AIM
To assess and compare the antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and red laser (660 nm) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), indocyanine green (ICG) and infrared laser (810 nm) aPDT, and dual-dye (MB and ICG) and dual light (red and infrared) aPDT on oral biofilms of and (.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Biofilms of and were grown at 36°C and 5% CO for 7 days in a 96-well plate in a brain heart infusion (BHI) growth medium. Before aPDT, a total of 27 inoculums were collected from culture wells and grown on culture plates to assess baseline colony forming units (CFU). The microbial wells were treated with MBaPDT (group I), ICGaPDT (group II), and MBICGaPDT (group III). Post-aPDT, inoculums were collected from wells to be cultured to assess CFU. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student paired -tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was fixed at ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Methylene blue antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (MBaPDT) caused a significant reduction in counts compared to other groups ( = 11.15, = 0.01). aPDT on resulted in a significant ( = 0.04) reduction of bacterial counts in the ICGaPDT group. aPDT on resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial counts ( ≤ 0.05) in MBaPDT and ICGaPDT groups.
CONCLUSION
Dual-dye and dual light aPDT showed an antibacterial effect against . It was ineffective against and .
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dual-dye aPDT may effectively reduce counts in infected root canals and improve the outcomes of root canal treatment.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Yavagal C, Yavagal PC, Marwah N, Antibacterial Efficacy of Dual-dye and Dual Laser Photodynamic Therapy on Oral Biofilms of , and : An Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-2):S128-S132.
PubMed: 38078032
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2662 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome.
AIM
The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson's patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively.
RESULTS
Parkinson's patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD ( < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased ( = 0.0062), ( = 0.0439), ( < 0.0001), ( = 0.0002), ( < 0.0001), and ( = 0.0020). ( = 0.0042), ( = 0.0022), ( = 0.0002), ( = 0.0045), ( = 0.0267), ( = 0.0017), ( = 0.0020), and ( = 0.0002) were higher; ( = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. ( = 0.0351) and ( = 0.002) were lower; ( = 0.0002), ( = 0065), ( = 0.0151), ( = 0.0141), ( = 0.0057), and ( = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD ( = 0.001) and PA+PD ( = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrated that Parkinson's disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.
PubMed: 37649970
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2250650