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JAMA Network Open Sep 2023Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy can impair maternal and child health, and pregnant individuals have increasingly used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for...
IMPORTANCE
Smoking cigarettes during pregnancy can impair maternal and child health, and pregnant individuals have increasingly used electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for various reasons, including quitting smoking.
OBJECTIVE
To assess smoking abstinence rates among pregnant individuals who used e-cigarettes compared with those who used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study is a secondary data analysis of phase 8 of the US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, conducted between 2016 and 2020. Eligible participants included pregnant individuals who smoked combustible cigarettes within the 3 months before pregnancy and either used e-cigarettes or NRT during pregnancy. Data analysis was conducted from March 2022 to April 2023.
EXPOSURES
Combustible cigarette use within 3 months before pregnancy and use of either e-cigarettes or NRT during pregnancy.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was the individual's self-reported smoking abstinence status during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Weighted percentages were reported and weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of e-cigarette use vs NRT with smoking abstinence. A propensity score was used to control for confounding by sociodemographics, pregnancy characteristics, prepregnancy smoking intensity, depression, behavioral support, and hookah use.
RESULTS
The cohort included 1329 pregnant individuals (759 ≥25 years [60.2%]; 766 non-Hispanic White individuals [79.8%]) of whom 781 had an education level of high school or lower (61.4%), and 952 had an annual household income of $48 000 or less (81.5%). Of the 1329 individuals, 890 (unweighted percentage, 67.0%) were existing e-cigarette users, 67 (unweighted percentage, 5.0%) were new e-cigarette users, and 372 (unweighted percentage, 28.0%) were NRT users. Compared with individuals who used NRT during pregnancy, individuals who used e-cigarettes had a higher rate of smoking abstinence in late pregnancy (456 individuals [50.8%] vs 67 individuals [19.4%]; propensity score adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.47; 95% CI, 1.17-5.20; P = .02). In the secondary analysis stratified by the timing of e-cigarette use initiation, existing users of e-cigarettes who initiated before pregnancy had a higher smoking abstinence rate than NRT users (446 users [53.1%] vs 67 users [19.4%]; adjusted OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.23-5.51; P = .01). However, new e-cigarette users who initiated use during pregnancy had a similar smoking abstinence rate in late pregnancy when compared with NRT users (10 users [20.6%] vs 67 users [19.4%]; adjusted OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.22-5.87; P = .88).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These findings suggest that individuals who used e-cigarettes during pregnancy had a higher smoking abstinence rate in late pregnancy than individuals who used NRT, especially for those who initiated e-cigarette use before pregnancy, indicating that replacement of cigarettes with e-cigarettes during pregnancy may be a viable strategy for harm reduction.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Cigarette Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Cohort Studies; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Smoking; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 37698863
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30249 -
Medicine Sep 2023Smoking cessation is known to have numerous health benefits, but it can also induce adverse physiological effects, including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract... (Review)
Review
Smoking cessation is known to have numerous health benefits, but it can also induce adverse physiological effects, including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Understanding the adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the GIT is critical for healthcare professionals and smokers attempting to quit, as it enables them to anticipate and manage potential challenges during the smoking cessation process. Although the detrimental effects of smoking on the GIT have been well established, there is a gap in the literature regarding the specific physiological reactions that may occur upon smoking cessation. This mini-review summarizes the current literature on the predisposing factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options for adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the GIT. We aimed to raise awareness among busy clinical professionals about these adverse effects, empowering them to effectively support individuals striving to quit smoking and maintain their cessation. By consolidating the existing knowledge in this field, this review offers practical implications for smokers, healthcare providers, and policymakers to optimize smoking cessation interventions and support strategies to improve health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Smoking Cessation; Smoking; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Gastrointestinal Tract; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37747027
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035124 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Aug 2023We aimed to study the influence of smoking habits, exposure to passive smoking and snuff use on disease progression, cognitive performance and quality of life in...
UNLABELLED
We aimed to study the influence of smoking habits, exposure to passive smoking and snuff use on disease progression, cognitive performance and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
METHOD
Patients from two population-based case-control studies were categorised based on tobacco exposure at diagnosis and were followed up to 15 years post diagnosis through the Swedish MS registry (n=9089) regarding changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. We used linear mixed models to analyse long-term changes, and Cox regression models with 95% CI using 24-week confirmed disability worsening, reaching EDSS 3 and EDSS 4, respectively, physical and psychological worsening and cognitive disability worsening as end points. The influence of smoking cessation post diagnosis was also investigated.
RESULTS
Compared with non-smokers, current smokers had a faster EDSS progression (β=0.03, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.04). A faster EDSS progression was also associated with passive smoking (β=0.04, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06). Smoke exposure negatively impacted all secondary outcomes. Those who continued smoking had worse outcomes than those who stopped smoking post diagnosis. Snuff users had a more favourable EDSS progression, compared with never users.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that both smoking and passive smoking have a negative influence on MS and that smoking cessation post diagnosis may be an important secondary preventive measure. Snuff use was associated with slower disease progression, suggesting that nicotine replacement therapy could be an attractive way to increase the chance of quitting smoking among patients with MS.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Tobacco, Smokeless; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Quality of Life; Disease Progression; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Smoking
PubMed: 37001984
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330848 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Numerous observational studies have indicated that smoking is a substantial risk factor for esophageal cancer. However, there is a shortage of research that delves into... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Numerous observational studies have indicated that smoking is a substantial risk factor for esophageal cancer. However, there is a shortage of research that delves into the specific causal relationship and potential mediators between the two. Our study aims to validate the correlation between smoking-related traits and esophageal cancer while exploring the possible mediating effects of immune factors.
METHODS
Initially, we conducted bidirectional univariate Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to forecast the causal effects linking smoking-related traits and esophageal cancer. Subsequently, we employed a two-step MR analysis to scrutinize immune cell phenotypes that could mediate these effects. Finally, the coefficient product method was employed to determine the precise mediating impact. Additionally, we have refined our sensitivity analysis to ensure the reliability of the outcomes.
RESULTS
After analysis, Smoking status: Never had a significant negative association with the incidence of esophageal cancer (inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, p=1.82e-05, OR=0.10, 95%CI=0.04~0.29). Ever smoked (IVW, p=1.49e-02, OR=4.31, 95%CI=1.33~13.94) and Current tobacco smoking (IVW, p=1.49e-02, OR=4.31, 95%CI=1.33~13.94) showed the promoting effect on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Through further examination, researchers discovered 21 immune cell phenotypes that have a causal relationship with esophageal cancer. After careful screening, two immune cell phenotypes were found to have potential mediating effects. In particular, it was observed that in the case of the preventive effect of Smoking status: Never on esophageal cancer, the absolute count of CD62L plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediated a reduction of 4.21%, while the mediating effect of CD27 in CD20-CD38-B cells was -4.12%. In addition, sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant heterogeneity or level pleiotropy.
CONCLUSION
The study provides new evidence for the causal relationship between smoking-related features and esophageal cancer and proposes immune factors with potential mediating effects. However, this finding needs to be further demonstrated by more extensive clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; Smoking; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Smoking; Esophageal Neoplasms; Phenotype; Immunologic Factors
PubMed: 38601154
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336817 -
Journal of Global Health Nov 2023Although smoking is a known potential contributor to back pain, there is still a lack of quantitative studies on the effects of different doses on back pain (BP)...
BACKGROUND
Although smoking is a known potential contributor to back pain, there is still a lack of quantitative studies on the effects of different doses on back pain (BP) occurrence, including a lack of a longitudinal cohorts. To address this gap, we aimed to investigate the association between various smoking-related exposures and back pain incidence to advance global efforts toward smoking cessation and guide primary prevention of BP.
METHODS
In this prospective cohort study, we retrieved data on 438 510 patients from the UK Biobank who were free of back pain and who were recruited in 2006-2010, and followed them up from baseline through 1 April 2022. We extracted data on smoking-related exposures, including smoking status (SS), number of cigarettes smoked daily (CPD), and pack-years of own smoking (PY) and examined back pain incidence as an outcome. We used a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for several covariates, multiple imputation methods, and population attribution fraction.
RESULTS
During the median follow-up of 12.98 years, 31 467 participants developed BP, with incidence rates in former and current smokers of 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.16, P < 0.000) and 1.50 (95% CI = 1.45-1.56, P < 0.000), respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) of participants who smoked more than 30 CPD and those with more than 30 PY were 1.45 (95% CI = 1.36-1.55, P < 0.000) and 1.45 (95% CI = 1.40-1.50, P < 0.000), respectively. Relative to male, female smokers were at more risk of developing BP. Not smoking, quitting smoking, and reducing CPD and PY could lower the BP risk by 7.8%, 5.4%, 9.8%, and 18.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Ever smoking, higher cigarette consumption daily, and increased smoking intensity were associated with an increased BP risk. This association was stronger in female smokers. Not smoking, smoking cessation, and reducing smoking volume and intensity were effective measures to prevent BP occurrence.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Incidence; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 37988369
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04152 -
Nutrients Mar 2024Acrylamide is a probable carcinogen. Its main sources are the diet and tobacco. The association between acrylamide intake from the diet and tobacco and prostate cancer...
Acrylamide is a probable carcinogen. Its main sources are the diet and tobacco. The association between acrylamide intake from the diet and tobacco and prostate cancer (PCa) has not been previously evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary acrylamide intake and exposure to acrylamide through cigarettes and PCa risk. A population-based case-control (CAPLIFE) study was conducted, including 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls. Smoking and dietary information, with a validated food frequency questionnaire, was collected. We calculated the amount of acrylamide from both sources, and tertiles (Ts) were created. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the association between exposure to acrylamide and PCa risk. The median was similar for acrylamide in both dietary and smoking acrylamide among PCa cases and controls. No association was observed between dietary acrylamide intake and overall PCa risk (adjusted OR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.59, 1.37)). A risk trend was observed for acrylamide exposure from cigarette smoking (-trend = 0.032), with the highest odds in those subjects with the high exposure to acrylamide through cigarettes (adjusted OR = 1.67 (95% CI 0.92, 3.04)). The restricted cubic splines suggested a linear relationship. In conclusion, acrylamide from smoking could be positively associated with PCa risk, but no association was observed for dietary acrylamide.
Topics: Male; Humans; Acrylamide; Diet; Prostatic Neoplasms; Eating; Smoking; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38542747
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060836 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2023Evidence of the harms of e-cigarettes has been unfolding slowly and has been documented in many reviews and reports worldwide. A narrative review of new evidence is... (Review)
Review
Evidence of the harms of e-cigarettes has been unfolding slowly and has been documented in many reviews and reports worldwide. A narrative review of new evidence is presented since, as research has continued, newly aggregated evidence of the dangers of electronic cigarettes on the brain, heart, and lungs is vital to inform decisions on restricting the use of e-cigarettes. Several biomedical research databases were searched for electronic cigarette health effects, emphasizing reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Over 50 review studies, primarily in 2022 and 2023, illustrate some of the latest information on e-cigarette harms. Results show studies of respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular effects. Researchers call for expanding studies through new methods to elaborate on initial findings of multiple harms emerging in clinical investigations. Since the use of electronic cigarettes for adult cessation is not sanctioned in most countries, it is clear that health authorities see significant costs to the health of the general population if the promotion and use of electronic cigarettes occur worldwide. Regulatory action to control electronic cigarettes should consider the substantial evidence of electronic cigarette harm.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Biomedical Research
PubMed: 37835078
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196808 -
PloS One 2023Smoking is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Few studies have assessed the causal relationship between smoking and COPD using Mendelian...
BACKGROUND
Smoking is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Few studies have assessed the causal relationship between smoking and COPD using Mendelian randomization.
METHODS
Exposure and outcome datasets were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/). The exposure data set includes smoking (ever smoke, smoking/smokers in household, exposure to tobacco smoke at home). The outcome data set includes COPD susceptibility and acute COPD admissions. The main methods of Mendelian randomization analysis are weighted median method and MR-Egger method. Heterogeneity and polymorphism analyses were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results.
RESLUTS
ever smoke increased the risk of COPD prevalence, and ever smoke and smoking/smokers in household increased the risk of acute COPD admission. Conclusion Therefore, we should enhance the management of nonpharmacological prescription of COPD to reduce the individual incidence.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Smoking; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Smoke; Risk Factors; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 37506114
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288783 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Nov 2023The use of e-cigarettes has been rising in the UK, particularly by young people. This study investigated behaviours, attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes amongst...
BACKGROUND
The use of e-cigarettes has been rising in the UK, particularly by young people. This study investigated behaviours, attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes amongst 15-30-year-olds in the UK.
METHODS
An online survey was administered to a sample of 1009 15-30-year-olds in the UK.
RESULTS
About one in five participants currently used e-cigarettes at least monthly, with 1 in 10 using them daily. Amongst those using e-cigarettes at least monthly, 90% had used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. E-cigarettes were mainly obtained from vape shops and used at home. Having friends who used e-cigarettes and using them to help quit/reduce smoking were the most common reasons for vaping. About half of participants had been exposed to e-cigarette advertising, especially online, and warning labels on e-cigarettes. Most participants agreed that e-cigarettes are addictive (75%), help people quitting smoking (64%) and are bad for health (63%). Previous or current tobacco smokers were 9 and 22 times more likely to use e-cigarettes than never smokers, respectively. Perceiving e-cigarettes as harmful was associated with a 40% lower likelihood of use.
CONCLUSION
Raising awareness on the uncertain long-term consequences of vaping and regulation of marketing and sales are crucial to protect young people in the UK.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Smoking Cessation; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking; United Kingdom
PubMed: 37525566
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad138 -
BMC Psychiatry Dec 2023Smoking is harmful, which has become a major public health burden. Physical activity may be related to smoking. Physical activity is one of the current methods for...
BACKGROUND
Smoking is harmful, which has become a major public health burden. Physical activity may be related to smoking. Physical activity is one of the current methods for smoking control and smoking cessation. Different types of physical activity may have different effect on smoking behavior.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to identify the direction and extent of the impact of different types of physical activity above moderate intensity (including work physical activity, recreational physical activity, commuter physical activity and sedentary behavior) on smoking behavior.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, a total of 2,015 individuals (1,233 males and 782 females, mean age 54.02±17.31 years) was selected from the representative population aged 20 and above in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the United States from 2017 to 2018. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) ; the tobacco use questionnaire (SMQ) was used to determine whether the sample had smoking behavior at this stage. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed with various physical activities as independent variables and smoking behavior as dependent variables. All data were analyzed through Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 26.0.
RESULTS
After adjusted for all confounding variables, physical activity at work was close to significantly associated with smoking behavior (P=0.053), odds ratio (OR) =1.135 (95%Cl: 0.999-1.289). Recreational physical activity was significantly associated with smoking behavior (P < 0.001), OR=0.729 (95%Cl: 0.639-0.832). Commuting physical activity was significantly associated with smoking behavior (P < 0.001), OR=1.214 (95%Cl:1.048-1.405). Sedentary behavior was significantly associated with smoking behavior (P < 0.001), OR=1.363 (95%Cl: 1.154-1.611).
CONCLUSIONS
Given that different types of physical activity have different associations with smoking behavior. Therefore, when physical activity is used as a tobacco control measurement, it is necessary to pay attention to the type and environment of physical activity. Recreational physical activities should be appropriately increased, sedentary behavior should be reduced, and smoking prohibit environment should be expanded as far as possible to achieve better clinical intervention effects.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; United States; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Exercise; Surveys and Questionnaires; Smoking; Nutrition Surveys; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 38082223
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05416-1