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CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians 2024
Topics: Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Lung Neoplasms; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Mass Screening
PubMed: 37909864
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21814 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2023The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between smoking status and health-related physical fitness and balance ability in older males residing in...
The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between smoking status and health-related physical fitness and balance ability in older males residing in Taiwan. This investigation adopted a cross-sectional design, utilizing data from 7688 older males who took part in the 2014-2015 wave of the National Physical Fitness Survey of Taiwan. Various data sources, including a standardized structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, health-related physical fitness assessments, and balance ability tests, were analyzed. The participants were divided into three categories based on their smoking habits: never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the linear association between cigarette smoking status and health-related physical fitness and balance ability performance. Health-related physical fitness and balance performance were significantly greater ( < 0.05) in the never smoker group than in the current smoker group. Current smoking status was significantly negatively ( < 0.05) associated with cardiopulmonary function, muscular endurance, flexibility, and balance performance. A history of smoking (former smoker) was significantly negatively ( < 0.05) associated with the 2-min step test, 30-s arm curl and chair stand, as well as the 8-foot up-and-go test; however, the association was not significant for the back scratch, chair sit-and-reach, and one-leg stance with eyes open performance. These results suggest that current cigarette smoking is detrimental to health-related physical fitness and balance performance in older males. Quitting smoking may reverse the effects of smoking on overall body flexibility and static balance performance in Taiwanese older adults, thereby reducing the risk of falls and incapacity.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Taiwan; Cross-Sectional Studies; Smoking; Physical Fitness; Exercise Test
PubMed: 37512161
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071350 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2024The associations between multiple sleep characteristics and smoking behavior are inconsistent, and it is unclear which sleep characteristics are most crucial for tobacco...
The associations between multiple sleep characteristics and smoking behavior are inconsistent, and it is unclear which sleep characteristics are most crucial for tobacco prevention. This study aimed to explore the associations between smoking status/intensity and multiple sleep characteristics and to identify the potential core domain of smoking-related sleep using network analysis. Data were obtained from a survey of cancer-related risk factors among Chinese adults. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking status/intensity. Network analyses were employed to identify the core sleep characteristics. A total of 5,228 participants with a median age of 44 years old were included in the study. Current smoking was significantly positively associated with long nap time, difficulty falling asleep, late bedtime, getting up after 7 am, and waking up earlier than expected. There was significant positive association between current smoking and short sleep duration in young adults under 45 years old. Late bedtime and getting up after 7 am were only associated with current heavy smoking, but not current light smoking. Network analyses showed that multiple smoking-related sleep characteristics were interconnected, with difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime as central characteristics in the network. The study found that the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking varied by age and smoking intensity and highlights the potential benefits of sleep health promotion in smoking cessation, with a particular focus on difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Sleep; Smoking; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; China
PubMed: 38527416
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2332424 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Jan 2024Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen accelerates combustion and smoking may increase the risk of burn injuries and fire hazards; therefore, it is considered a contraindication for HOT in many countries. However, there is variability in the practices and policies regarding this matter. This multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce aimed to review the potential benefits and risks of smoking in relation to HOT, including medical, practical, legal and ethical considerations.
METHODS
The taskforce of the Swedish Respiratory Society comprises 15 members across respiratory medicine, nursing, medical law and ethics. HOT effectiveness and adverse risks related to smoking, as well as practical, legal and ethical considerations, were reviewed, resulting in five general questions and four PICO (population-intervention-comparator-outcome) questions. The strength of each recommendation was rated according to the GRADE (grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation) methodology.
RESULTS
General questions about the practical, legal and ethical aspects of HOT were discussed and summarised in the document. The PICO questions resulted in recommendations about assessment, management and follow-up of smoking when considering HOT, if HOT should be offered to people that meet the eligibility criteria but who continue to smoke, if a specific length of time of smoking cessation should be considered before assessing eligibility for HOT, and identification of areas for further research.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple factors need to be considered in the benefit/risk evaluation of HOT in active smokers. A systematic approach is suggested to guide healthcare professionals in evaluating HOT in relation to smoking.
Topics: Humans; Sweden; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Risk Assessment; Oxygen; Smoking
PubMed: 38296345
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0194-2023 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Aug 2023Few investigations have been performed between tobacco smoking, alcohol, and arterial stiffness. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between...
Few investigations have been performed between tobacco smoking, alcohol, and arterial stiffness. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between smoking use and alcohol with arterial stiffness index (ASI) in a middle-age population. Smoking pack-years and cigarettes per day were defined as alcohol consumption in units/day. Sex associations between smoking and alcohol with ASI were estimated using multiple linear regressions. Interactions and synergistic effects were investigating. 98 039 individuals of the UK Biobank cohort were included (45 457 men and 52 582 women). ASI levels were higher in men than in women (9.91 vs. 8.71 m/s, p < .001), and showed higher relationship to smoking tobacco in multiple linear regression models in women than in men (FDR logworth 78.4 vs. 52.7). The findings revealed that ASI was higher among current smokers than never smokers in both sex and after adjustment for all covariates (in men 10.4 vs. 9.6 and in women 9.5 vs. 8.5 m/s, p < .001). Alcohol consumption per day was positively associated with higher levels of ASI in both sex, but with a less relationship (FDR logworth for men = 2.8, for women = 2.5). An interaction was observed between smoking information and alcohol in men but not in women. Synergistic effects were observed by adding smoking information on alcohol consumption models in men and women (p = .029, p < .001, respectively). Smoking and alcohol were associated with higher ASI in both sex but with a higher relationship among women. The findings suggest the importance of considering smoking and alcohol consumption cessation in cardiovascular diseases prevention.
Topics: Middle Aged; Male; Humans; Female; Vascular Stiffness; Hypertension; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking; Alcohol Drinking; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37408141
DOI: 10.1111/jch.14669 -
JAMA Network Open Feb 2024While smoking is associated with a decreased incidence of cutaneous melanoma, the association of smoking with melanoma progression and death is not well defined. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
While smoking is associated with a decreased incidence of cutaneous melanoma, the association of smoking with melanoma progression and death is not well defined.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of smoking with survival in patients with early-stage primary cutaneous melanoma.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study performed a post hoc analysis of data derived from the randomized, multinational first and second Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trials (MSLT-I and MSLT-II). Participants were accrued for MSLT-I from January 20, 1994, to March 29, 2002; MSLT-II, from December 21, 2004, to March 31, 2014. Median follow-up was 110.0 (IQR, 53.4-120.0) months for MSLT-I and 67.6 (IQR, 25.8-110.2) months for MSLT-II. Patients aged 18 to 75 years with clinical stages I or II melanoma with a Breslow thickness of 1.00 mm or greater or Clark level IV to V and available standard prognostic and smoking data were included. Analyses were performed from October 4, 2022, to March 31, 2023.
EXPOSURE
Current, former, and never smoking.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Melanoma-specific survival of patients with current, former, and never smoking status was assessed for the entire cohort and for nodal observation and among subgroups with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)-negative and SLNB-positive findings.
RESULTS
Of 6279 included patients, 3635 (57.9%) were men, and mean (SD) age was 52.7 (13.4) years. The most common tumor location was an extremity (2743 [43.7%]), and mean (SD) Breslow thickness was 2.44 (2.06) mm. Smoking status included 1077 (17.2%) current, 1694 (27.0%) former, and 3508 (55.9%) never. Median follow-up was 78.4 (IQR, 30.5-119.6) months. Current smoking was associated with male sex, younger age, trunk site, thicker tumors, tumor ulceration, and SLNB positivity. Current smoking was associated with a greater risk of melanoma-associated death by multivariable analysis for the entire study (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.26-1.75]; P < .001). Former smoking was not. The increased risk of melanoma-specific mortality associated with current smoking was greatest for patients with SLNB-negative melanoma (HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.35-2.52]; P < .001), but also present for patients with SLNB-positive melanoma (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.59]; P = .02) and nodal observation (HR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.09-2.61]; P = .02). Smoking at least 20 cigarettes/d doubled the risk of death due to melanoma for patients with SLNB-negative disease (HR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.36-3.13]; P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings of this cohort study suggest that patients with clinical stage I and II melanoma who smoked had a significantly increased risk of death due to melanoma. Smoking status should be assessed at time of melanoma diagnosis and may be considered a risk factor for disease progression.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking
PubMed: 38319662
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54751 -
Journal of Behavior Therapy and... Jun 2024Dual process models of addiction suggest that controlled, goal-directed processes prevent drug-use, whereas impulsive, stimulus-driven processes promote drug-use. The...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Dual process models of addiction suggest that controlled, goal-directed processes prevent drug-use, whereas impulsive, stimulus-driven processes promote drug-use. The most frequently used measure of automatic smoking-related processes, the implicit association test (IAT), has yielded mixed results. We examine the validity of two alternative implicit measures: 1) the affect misattribution procedure (AMP), a measure of automatic evaluations, and 2) the relational responding task (RRT), a measure of implicit beliefs.
METHODS
Smokers and non-smokers performed smoking-related versions of the AMP and the RRT and filled in questionnaires for smoking dependence. Smokers participated in two sessions: once after they just smoked, and once after being deprived for 10 h. Smokers also kept a smoking diary for a week after the second session.
RESULTS
We found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers on the RRT, t (86) = 2.86, p = .007, d = 0.61, and on the AMP, F (1, 85) = 6.22, p = .015, ƞ = 0.07. Neither the AMP nor the RRT were affected by the deprivation manipulation. Smoking dependence predicted smoking behavior in the following week; the AMP and RRT did not explain additional variance.
LIMITATIONS
Possibly, our manipulation was not strong enough to affect the motivational state of participants in a way that it changed their implicit cognitions. Future research should examine the sensitivity of implicit measures to (motivational) context.
CONCLUSIONS
We found limited evidence for the validity of the smoking-AMP and the smoking-RRT, highlighting the need for a critical view on implicit measures.
Topics: Humans; Smoking; Cognition; Motivation; Behavior, Addictive; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38029484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101925 -
Tobacco Control Sep 2023Most of the published literature on cigarette advertising and promotion at points-of-sale is on research conducted in high-income countries. We report findings from...
Most of the published literature on cigarette advertising and promotion at points-of-sale is on research conducted in high-income countries. We report findings from monitoring cigarette advertising and promotion at points-of-sale near schools and playgrounds in 42 countries, the majority low-income and middle-income. Four strategies were detected across most of these countries: (1) display of cigarettes near snacks, sweets and sugary drinks, (2) placement of cigarette advertisements near the eye-level of children, (3) advertisements and display of flavoured cigarettes and (4) sale of single sticks of cigarettes. These advertising and promotional tactics target children and youth and demonstrate that multinational tobacco companies use similar strategies to promote cigarettes at points-of-sale. The widespread violations of existing laws and regulations, the exploitation of regulatory loopholes and lack of existing tobacco control policies that apply to points-of-sale call for adoption and enactment of provisions recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control such as comprehensive bans on tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship, bans on sale of single cigarette sticks and regulation of flavours. These strategies will help to protect children and youth from exposure to tobacco advertising.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Smoking; Tobacco Industry; Advertising
PubMed: 35641117
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057095 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Combinations of lifestyle behaviors may lead to different cancer risks. This study aimed to identify the latent classes based on lifestyle behavior trajectories and to...
Combinations of lifestyle behaviors may lead to different cancer risks. This study aimed to identify the latent classes based on lifestyle behavior trajectories and to investigate the association between these latent classes and cancer risk. Participants in the 2002-2003 National Health Insurance Service general health examination were included. Data on smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity measured four times between 2002 and 2009 were analyzed. Incident cancer cases were tracked from 2010 to 2018. Patterns of alcohol drinking, smoking, BMI, and physical activity and latent classes based on trajectories of smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, and physical activity were identified. Among 2,735,110 adults (1,787,486 men and 947,624 women), 111,218 (69,089 men and 42,129 women) developed incident cancer. Six latent classes of lifestyle behavior were identified, with Class 1 (healthy class) involving only 0.2% of men and 0.5% of women. The highest risk class in males tended to be steady light drinkers and steady moderate smokers, have steady low frequency of physical activity, and be obese. This class showed a 1.47 times higher (95% CI = 1.29-1.69) risk of all cancers than did the healthy class. Among women, there was only an association between the highest risk class (tendency to be non-drinkers, light smokers) and colorectal cancer (HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.02-2.83). Only a small percentage of participants maintained a long-term healthy lifestyle. Identifying classes of behavior combinations and their links to cancer development is therefore critical for cancer prevention.
Topics: Male; Adult; Female; Humans; Life Style; Smoking; Tobacco Smoking; Healthy Lifestyle; Republic of Korea; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37612448
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40819-w -
Journal of Nippon Medical School =... Mar 2024Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (SRILDs) are a group of heterogeneous diffuse pulmonary parenchymal diseases associated with tobacco exposure. Smoking-related...
Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (SRILDs) are a group of heterogeneous diffuse pulmonary parenchymal diseases associated with tobacco exposure. Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) is relatively recent, a pathologically defined form of SRILDs. SRIF is characterized by the accumulation of macrophages in the alveolar spaces, which is associated with interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The macrophages frequently contain light brown pigment and are called 'smoker's macrophages'. Patients with SRIF who have clinical evidence of interstitial lung disease are most commonly relatively young, heavy smokers with abnormalities on chest computed tomography showing ground-glass opacities, peripheral consolidation, and reticulation. Although SRIF is caused by cigarette smoking, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms by which smoking causes this type of interstitial fibrosis remain unknown. The degree of fibrosis and appearance of macrophage aggregates are important points of distinction when evaluating and diagnosing SRIF. Macrophage heterogeneity, particularly the activation and function of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs) and interstitial macrophages (IMs), has important implications for the pathogenesis of SRIF and developing treatments. Further researches focused on smoker's macrophages are needed to understand of the pathogenesis of SRIF.
Topics: Humans; Smokers; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Macrophages; Fibrosis; Smoking; Lung
PubMed: 38233126
DOI: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2024_91-113