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PloS One 2024Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans are opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. They were previously classified as Staphylococcus schleiferi...
Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans are opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. They were previously classified as Staphylococcus schleiferi subs. schleiferi and Staphylococcus schleiferi subs. coagulans, respectively, and recently reclassified as separate species. S. coagulans, is frequently associated with dogs, whereas S. schleiferi is more commonly isolated from humans. Coagulase activity status is a defining characteristic of the otherwise closely related species. However, the use of coagulase tests originally developed to distinguish S. aureus from non-coagulase-producing staphylococci, for this purpose is questionable and the basis for their host preference has not been elucidated. In the current study, a putative coa gene was identified and correlated with coagulase activity measured using a chromogenic assay with human and bovine prothrombin (closely related to canine prothrombin). The results of the tests performed with human prothrombin showed greater reactivity of S. coagulans isolates from humans than isolates obtained from dogs with the same substrate. Our data suggest that unlike S. coagulans isolates from humans, isolates from dogs have more coagulase activity with bovine prothrombin (similar to canine prothrombin) than human prothrombin. Differences in nuc and 16s rRNA genes suggest a divergence in S. coagulans and S. schleiferi. Phenotypic and genotypic variation based on the number of IgG binding domains, and the numbers of tandem repeats in C-terminal fibronectin binding motifs was also found in protein A, and fibronectin-binding protein B respectively. This study identified a coa gene and associated phenotypic activity that differentiates S. coagulans and S. schleiferi and identified key phylogenetic and phenotypic differences between the species.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dogs; Cattle; Staphylococcus aureus; Coagulase; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fibronectins; Phylogeny; Prothrombin; Dog Diseases; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 38330059
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296850 -
Genes Feb 2024and , closely related bacterial species within the genus, present a challenge in classification and diagnosis due to their close genetic proximity and overlapping...
and , closely related bacterial species within the genus, present a challenge in classification and diagnosis due to their close genetic proximity and overlapping phenotypic features. Moreover, our understanding of the virulence mechanisms in staphylococcal species, beyond the extensively studied , remains limited, underscoring the importance of using comparative data to enhance our insights into virulence within these bacterial species. This study employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing comparative genomics, to identify genomic distinctions between and , aiming to address the challenges in the accurate classification and diagnosis of these organisms and identify unique features. Whole genome sequencing was performed on six clinical isolates, and their genomes were compared to identify variations in gene content and virulence factors. De novo assembly and annotation revealed two samples as and four samples as . Analysis of the core genomes revealed conserved regions crucial for defining species identity, while accessory genomic elements contained unique genes, possibly impacting the pathogenicity of the species.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dog Diseases; Staphylococcus; Genomics; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 38540343
DOI: 10.3390/genes15030284 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2023represents an uncommon pathogen in human infections. As a veterinary pathogen, causes canine ear and skin infections. Chronic osteomyelitis is a progressive process...
represents an uncommon pathogen in human infections. As a veterinary pathogen, causes canine ear and skin infections. Chronic osteomyelitis is a progressive process characterized by bone destruction and the formation of sequestrum. It may be a sequela of untreated or undertreated acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Descriptions detailing the pathogenicity and virulence of osteomyelitis were limited to a few case reports. Among the three reported cases of osteomyelitis, immunosuppression, malignancy, and recent surgical procedures were comorbidities. Compared to those who are immunosuppressed, immunocompetent individuals are generally not susceptible to uncommon microorganisms. Early detection of osteomyelitis, aggressive appropriate prolonged antimicrobial treatment and a multidisciplinary approach contribute to optimal recovery. We report the first case of chronic osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent adolescent.
PubMed: 37867583
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9597582 -
Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023bacteremia is an underappreciated cause of septic shock in the critical care department. Although nominally a coagulase variable and associated with otitis externa...
bacteremia is an underappreciated cause of septic shock in the critical care department. Although nominally a coagulase variable and associated with otitis externa infections in canine species, it has been associated with the metastatic infection including osteomyelitis, endocarditis, nephritis, and meningitis in humans. This report records a possible zoonotic case of subspecies bacteremia following canine otitis externa associated with septic shock and endovascular infection precipitating intensive care admission for vasopressor support in an immunocompetent male.
PubMed: 37529791
DOI: 10.4103/2452-2473.366856 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 25-day-old male common bottlenose dolphin () died suddenly while swimming at a dolphinarium. The gross examination revealed ulceration on the dorsal and pectoral fins...
A 25-day-old male common bottlenose dolphin () died suddenly while swimming at a dolphinarium. The gross examination revealed ulceration on the dorsal and pectoral fins and rostrum. Severe congestion, hemorrhage, and edema were observed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys. Fibrinosuppurative arthritis of the atlantooccipital joint and extension of fibrin into the spinal canal caused compression of the spinal cord. Histopathological examination revealed tracheitis, fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia and enteritis. In the central nervous system, meningeal vessel congestion in the brain, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages with neurodegeneration were observed in the spinal cord. Based on the histopathological findings, representative samples, including lung, liver, mesenteric lymph node, blood obtained from the jugular vein, and fluid sample of the ascites, were inoculated on tryptic soy agar and blood agar for routine bacterial isolation. Each isolated bacterial colony was streaked aseptically onto tryptic soy agar and blood agar for pure culture. After then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for further identification of pathogenic microorganisms. PCR identified , , , and . was considered the primary etiologic agent in this case since it was the only species identified in all representative samples. The cause of death in this animal was sepsis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of neonatal sepsis associated with infection in a dolphin, and suggests as an opportunistic pathogen associated with sepsis in dolphins.
PubMed: 37822952
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1242599