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Access Microbiology 2020Reports on the commensal organism and opportunistic pathogen have largely considered isolates from humans and companion dogs. Two subspecies are recognized: the...
Reports on the commensal organism and opportunistic pathogen have largely considered isolates from humans and companion dogs. Two subspecies are recognized: the coagulase-negative ssp. , typically seen in humans, and the coagulase-positive ssp. , typically seen in dogs. In this study, we report the isolation, genome sequencing and comparative genomics of three ssp. isolates from mouth samples from two species of healthy, free-living Antarctic seals, southern elephant seals () and Antarctic fur seals (), in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, and three isolates from post-mortem samples from grey seals () in Scotland, UK. This is the first report of ssp. isolation from Antarctic fur seal and grey seal. The Antarctic fur seal represents the first isolation of ssp. from the family , while the grey seal represents the first isolation from a pinniped in the Northern Hemisphere. We compare seal, dog and human isolates from both subspecies in the first genome-based phylogenetic analysis of the species.
PubMed: 33195976
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000162 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2021Dermatological infections are the most common cases in the daily pet clinic. Since its discovery in 1990, subspecies have been reported more frequently in canine...
BACKGROUND
Dermatological infections are the most common cases in the daily pet clinic. Since its discovery in 1990, subspecies have been reported more frequently in canine otitis externa and pyoderma and even in cases of zoonoses.
AIM
Detect the presence of subsp. of canine otitis externa and pyoderma, its antimicrobial resistance, and the presence of Agen.
METHODS
Three-hundred-thirty-one swabs from dogs with otitis externa and pyoderma were cultured on bacteriological agar for bacterial isolation and subsequent biochemical and molecular identification. The identified subsp. were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer technique, including an oxacillin disk, and subsequently, a PCR was run to identify which ones had the A gene.
RESULTS
Thirty-four (22.97%) and twelve (6.56%) isolates were identified as subspecies from otitis externa and pyoderma, respectively. Fluoroquinolones, the most widely used group of antibiotics in Peru, showed a susceptibility of 58.82% (20/34) in cases of otitis externa and 50% (6/12) in cases of canine pyoderma. Meanwhile, nitrofurantoin was the antibiotic with the best efficacy in both cases, with 97% (33/34) in otitis externa and 83% (10/12) in pyoderma. Furthermore, 40% (13/34) of subsp. isolated from otitis externa were resistant to methicillin, and 85.29% (29/34) had the A gene. On the other hand, the only methicillin-resistant isolate from pyoderma was also the only one with a A gene.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first report of subsp. in Peru, finding a higher percentage than reported in other South American countries.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Otitis Externa; Pyoderma; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 34722197
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i3.5 -
PloS One 2024Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans are opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. They were previously classified as Staphylococcus schleiferi...
Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans are opportunistic pathogens of animals and humans. They were previously classified as Staphylococcus schleiferi subs. schleiferi and Staphylococcus schleiferi subs. coagulans, respectively, and recently reclassified as separate species. S. coagulans, is frequently associated with dogs, whereas S. schleiferi is more commonly isolated from humans. Coagulase activity status is a defining characteristic of the otherwise closely related species. However, the use of coagulase tests originally developed to distinguish S. aureus from non-coagulase-producing staphylococci, for this purpose is questionable and the basis for their host preference has not been elucidated. In the current study, a putative coa gene was identified and correlated with coagulase activity measured using a chromogenic assay with human and bovine prothrombin (closely related to canine prothrombin). The results of the tests performed with human prothrombin showed greater reactivity of S. coagulans isolates from humans than isolates obtained from dogs with the same substrate. Our data suggest that unlike S. coagulans isolates from humans, isolates from dogs have more coagulase activity with bovine prothrombin (similar to canine prothrombin) than human prothrombin. Differences in nuc and 16s rRNA genes suggest a divergence in S. coagulans and S. schleiferi. Phenotypic and genotypic variation based on the number of IgG binding domains, and the numbers of tandem repeats in C-terminal fibronectin binding motifs was also found in protein A, and fibronectin-binding protein B respectively. This study identified a coa gene and associated phenotypic activity that differentiates S. coagulans and S. schleiferi and identified key phylogenetic and phenotypic differences between the species.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dogs; Cattle; Staphylococcus aureus; Coagulase; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fibronectins; Phylogeny; Prothrombin; Dog Diseases; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 38330059
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296850 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Jan 2011To assess the degree of biological similarity (on the basis of genotype determined via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) between isolates of 2 Staphylococcus...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the degree of biological similarity (on the basis of genotype determined via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) between isolates of 2 Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies (S schleiferi subsp coagulans and S schleiferi subsp schleiferi) in clinical samples obtained from dogs.
SAMPLE POPULATION
161 S schleiferi isolates from 160 canine patients.
PROCEDURES
A commercial microbiology identification system was used to identify each isolate as S schleiferi. Isolates underwent slide and tube coagulase testing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A mecA PCR assay and a latex agglutination test for penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) were also performed on each isolate. Clonal clusters with a similarity cutoff value of 80% were identified via PFGE.
RESULTS
Of the 161 isolates, 61 (38%), 79 (49%), and 21 (13%) were obtained from cutaneous sites, ears, and other sites, respectively; 110 (68%) were coagulase negative, and 51 (32%) were coagulase positive. Among the coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive isolates, 65% (71/110) and 39% (20/51) were oxacillin resistant, respectively. All oxacillin-resistant isolates yielded positive results via mecA PCR assay and PBP2a latex agglutination testing. Via PFGE, 15 major clusters and 108 individual pulsed-field profiles were identified. Oxacillin-resistant and oxacillin-susceptible isolates clustered separately. Clonal clusters were heterogeneous and contained representatives of both subspecies.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative isolates were not genotypically distinct and may represent a single S schleiferi sp with variable coagulase production, rather than 2 biologically distinct subspecies. Further studies are needed to characterize clinical or epidemiological differences associated with infections with coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative S schleiferi in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Coagulase; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Latex Fixation Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 21194341
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.1.96 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2023Staphylococcus schleiferi is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and dogs. Recent taxonomic reassignment of its subspecies ( subsp. and subsp. ) into two separate...
Molecular Characterization and Clinical Relevance of Taxonomic Reassignment of Staphylococcus schleiferi Subspecies into Two Separate Species, Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus .
Staphylococcus schleiferi is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and dogs. Recent taxonomic reassignment of its subspecies ( subsp. and subsp. ) into two separate species ( and ) lacks supporting data for diagnostic implications and clinical relevance. We aimed to confirm the reclassification of by using genomic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) data for a large set of isolates from humans and animals to investigate their molecular epidemiology and clinical relevance. Routine MALDI-TOF analysis and Illumina sequencing were performed on 165 isolates from the Netherlands. With 33 publicly available genomes, the study included 198 genomes from 149 dogs, 34 humans, and 15 other sources. The Type Strain Genome Server was used to identify species in the genomes, and the MALDI-TOF MS database was extended to improve species differentiation. MALDI-TOF did not discriminate between and Genome phylogeny distinguished the two species in two monophyletic clusters. isolates originated from humans, while isolates were found in animals and three human isolates clustering with the animal isolates. The sialidase B gene () was a unique marker gene for , whereas the gene was exclusive for . The gene was exclusively detected in , as were the (A), , (B/C), (O/M), and (6')-(2'') genes. The MALDI-TOF database extension did not improve differentiation between the two species. Even though our whole-genome sequencing-based approach showed clear differentiation between these two species, it remains critical to identify and correctly in routine diagnostics. This study clearly shows that is a concern in human hospital settings, whereas predominantly causes infections in animals. is more resistant to antibiotics and can sometimes transmit to humans via exposure to infected dogs. Even though genome-based methods can clearly differentiate the two species, current diagnostic methods used routinely in clinical microbiology laboratories cannot distinguish the two bacterial species.
PubMed: 36853031
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04670-22 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Mar 2019The recent emergence of in dogs with otitis externa or skin and soft tissue infections has become a significant zoonotic issues. In the current study, we investigated...
The recent emergence of in dogs with otitis externa or skin and soft tissue infections has become a significant zoonotic issues. In the current study, we investigated 1) the carriage rates of among major staphylococci in healthy dogs and dogs with otitis externa, 2) antibiotic susceptibility profiles of particularly methicillin resistance (MR), and 3) virulence factors associated with skin and soft tissue infections such as ability to form biofilm, resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), and carriage of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes. Among the 21 isolates, 5 isolates (24%) were determined to be methicillin-resistant (MRSS). Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) typing revealed the presence of SCC type V in 4 MRSS isolates and type VII in one MRSS. Higher levels of antibiotic resistance, especially multidrug resistance, were observed in MRSS isolates compared to the methicillin-susceptible (MSSS) isolates. In addition, MRSS isolates exhibited enhanced ability to form biofilm under static condition and all the 5 MRSS isolates carried three or more enterotoxin genes. However, there were no significant differences in resistance to CAMPs between MRSS and MSSS isolates. These findings suggest that coagulase-negative is becoming more prevalent in canine otitis externa cases. Our results also highlight the presence of multidrug-resistant MRSS isolates with enhanced biofilm production and carriage of multiple enterotoxins.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Carrier State; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Externa; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30944529
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e6 -
Genes Feb 2024and , closely related bacterial species within the genus, present a challenge in classification and diagnosis due to their close genetic proximity and overlapping...
and , closely related bacterial species within the genus, present a challenge in classification and diagnosis due to their close genetic proximity and overlapping phenotypic features. Moreover, our understanding of the virulence mechanisms in staphylococcal species, beyond the extensively studied , remains limited, underscoring the importance of using comparative data to enhance our insights into virulence within these bacterial species. This study employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing comparative genomics, to identify genomic distinctions between and , aiming to address the challenges in the accurate classification and diagnosis of these organisms and identify unique features. Whole genome sequencing was performed on six clinical isolates, and their genomes were compared to identify variations in gene content and virulence factors. De novo assembly and annotation revealed two samples as and four samples as . Analysis of the core genomes revealed conserved regions crucial for defining species identity, while accessory genomic elements contained unique genes, possibly impacting the pathogenicity of the species.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dog Diseases; Staphylococcus; Genomics; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 38540343
DOI: 10.3390/genes15030284 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Dec 2011To define clinical differences between coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus schleiferi infections in dogs and to identify risk factors for the...
Clinical characterization of Staphylococcus schleiferi infections and identification of risk factors for acquisition of oxacillin-resistant strains in dogs: 225 cases (2003-2009).
OBJECTIVE
To define clinical differences between coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus schleiferi infections in dogs and to identify risk factors for the isolation of oxacillin-resistant S schleiferi.
DESIGN
Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS
225 dogs (yielding 225 S schleiferi isolates).
PROCEDURES
Information obtained from affected dogs' medical records included isolate body site source, antimicrobial treatments, and primary disease. For each dog, the S schleiferi isolate was characterized and antimicrobial susceptibility data were recorded. Risk factors for infection based on coagulase status and for S schleiferi oxacillin resistance were investigated.
RESULTS
Allergic dermatitis was the most common underlying disease (111/225 dogs). Ears (102 [45%]) and skin (95 [42%]) were sources of most of the 225 isolates. Isolate coagulase status was not significantly associated with any patient-level factors. Of the 225 isolates, 129 (57%) were oxacillin resistant. Coagulase-negative isolates were more likely to be oxacillin resistant than were coagulase-positive isolates (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.0). Administration of penicillin-based or first-generation cephalosporin drugs (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 5.9) and third-generation cephalosporins (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 12.3) within 30 days prior to culture were risk factors for oxacillin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive S schleiferi are potential pathogens in dogs and are often oxacillin resistant. Recent patient treatments with penicillin or cephalosporin were risk factors for oxacillin resistance. In clinical cases, full speciation of all Staphylococcus isolates should be performed and microbial treatments should be selected on the basis of results of susceptibility testing.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunocompromised Host; Odds Ratio; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Respiratory System; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 22129120
DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.12.1566 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2005To determine the frequency of isolation and susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus schleiferi from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis, pyoderma, or both that had or...
OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of isolation and susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus schleiferi from healthy dogs and dogs with otitis, pyoderma, or both that had or had not received antimicrobial treatment.
DESIGN
Prospective study.
ANIMALS
50 dogs.
PROCEDURE
Dogs were allocated to 1 of 4 groups: healthy dogs (n=13), dogs without otitis but with pyoderma (10), dogs with otitis but without pyoderma (11), and dogs with otitis and pyoderma (16). Bacteriologic culture of ear swab specimens was performed in all dogs. Bacteriologic culture of skin swab specimens was also performed in dogs with concurrent pyoderma. Isolates were identified as S schleiferi subsp schleiferi or S schleiferi subsp coagulans on the basis of growth and biochemical characteristics.
RESULTS
S schleiferi was not isolated from any dogs with pyoderma only. Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp schleiferi was isolated from the ears of 2 healthy dogs, and the skin and ears of 2 dogs and the skin of 1 dog with otitis and pyoderma. Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp coagulans was isolated from the ears of 3 dogs with otitis only, and the ears of 6 dogs and the skin of 2 dogs with otitis and pyoderma. One of the S schleiferi subsp schleiferi isolates from ears, 2 of the S schleiferi subsp coagulans isolates from ears, and 1 of the S schleiferi subsp coagulans isolates from the skin were resistant to methicillin. One methicillin-resistant isolate from the ears and 1 from the skin were also resistant to fluoroquinolones.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
S schleiferi subsp schleiferi was detected in healthy dogs and dogs with otitis and pyoderma. Methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S schleiferi subsp schleiferi and S schleiferi subsp coagulans were detected as the predominant organisms in dogs with otitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Methicillin; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis; Prospective Studies; Pyoderma; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 16190591
DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.928 -
New Microbes and New Infections Sep 2020Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are recognized as comprising the main part of human normal microbiota and are rarely associated with severe and intensive... (Review)
Review
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are recognized as comprising the main part of human normal microbiota and are rarely associated with severe and intensive infections. However, these organisms can cause a number of infections in humans, especially immunocompromised patients and neonates. Bacterial meningitis, as an important and acute infection in the central nervous system, is still a major global health challenge and a serious infectious disease, causing a high rate of mortality and morbidity. CoNS as causative agents of meningitis are generally related to trauma or direct implantation of foreign bodies and the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Numerous epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that different CoNS isolates such as and are more frequently associated with meningitis. This study attempts to determine the role of CoNS in meningitis and reviews the reported cases of meningitis induced by CoNS from the year 2000 to 2020 in the literature.
PubMed: 33014383
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100755