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Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Fine motor performance may serve as an early warning sign for reduced cognitive function. Physical activity can help preserve cognitive function; however, the...
BACKGROUND
Fine motor performance may serve as an early warning sign for reduced cognitive function. Physical activity can help preserve cognitive function; however, the relationship between fine motor performance and physical activity is not well understood. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between fine motor performance and physical activity in individuals at risk for developing cognitive impairment (those with diabetes and/or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Individuals aged 25-69 with and without diabetes and NAFLD were enrolled. For this cross-sectional study, all participants completed the Human Activity Profile and fine motor performance tasks (Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test).
RESULTS
There were 93 participants in the study (NAFLD only ( = 29); diabetes + NAFLD ( = 34), controls ( = 30)). Individuals with both diabetes and NAFLD were less physically active and performed slower on the fine motor performance task. A statistically significant correlation was found between physical activity and motor speed among those with NAFLD only ( = 0.436, <.05), which remained statistically significant after controlling for body mass index ( = 0.385; <.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that those with diabetes + NAFLD have lower levels of physical activity and slower fine motor performance. The relationship between physical activity and fine motor performance was only statistically significant in the group of individuals with NAFLD only. Future research needs to explore the mechanisms that impact fine motor performance and physical activity in individuals at risk for mild cognitive impairment. Individuals with diabetes and/or NAFLD should be identified, advised and encouraged to engage in physical activity.Key MessagesThose with NAFLD and T2DM have lower levels of physical activity and slower fine motor performance compared to controls and those with NAFLD only.Future research needs to explore the mechanisms that impact fine motor performance and physical activity in those with T2DM with or without NAFLD.Individuals with impaired fine motor performance should be identified and encouraged to engage in physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise
PubMed: 36974658
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2193422 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Aug 2023To (1) develop and evaluate a machine learning model incorporating gait and physical activity to predict medial tibiofemoral cartilage worsening over 2 years in...
OBJECTIVE
To (1) develop and evaluate a machine learning model incorporating gait and physical activity to predict medial tibiofemoral cartilage worsening over 2 years in individuals without advanced knee osteoarthritis and (2) identify influential predictors in the model and quantify their effect on cartilage worsening.
DESIGN
An ensemble machine learning model was developed to predict worsened cartilage MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score at follow-up from gait, physical activity, clinical and demographic data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Model performance was evaluated in repeated cross-validations. The top 10 predictors of the outcome across 100 held-out test sets were identified by a variable importance measure. Their effect on the outcome was quantified by g-computation.
RESULTS
Of 947 legs in the analysis, 14% experienced medial cartilage worsening at follow-up. The median (2.5-97.5th percentile) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve across the 100 held-out test sets was 0.73 (0.65-0.79). Baseline cartilage damage, higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade, greater pain during walking, higher lateral ground reaction force impulse, greater time spent lying and lower vertical ground reaction force unloading rate were associated with greater risk of cartilage worsening. Similar results were found for the subset of knees with baseline cartilage damage.
CONCLUSIONS
A machine learning approach incorporating gait, physical activity and clinical/demographic features showed good performance for predicting cartilage worsening over 2 years. While identifying potential intervention targets from the model is challenging, lateral ground reaction force impulse, time spent lying and vertical ground reaction force unloading rate should be investigated further as potential early intervention targets to reduce medial tibiofemoral cartilage worsening.
Topics: Humans; Gait; Exercise; Walking; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Machine Learning
PubMed: 36868795
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106142 -
Gut and Liver Jul 2023This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide representative database.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and synergistic (additive interaction) associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with NAFLD after adjusting for multiple covariates.
RESULTS
The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% for men and 17.6% for women. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model to examine the independent association of aerobic physical activity or resistance exercise with NAFLD, the odds ratios for NAFLD were significantly decreased in both men (p=0.03) and women (p<0.01) who had highly active aerobic physical activity. Regarding the frequency of resistance exercise, the odds ratio for NAFLD was decreased in men who did resistance exercise ≥5 days per week (p=0.04), but not in women (p=0.19). However, when investigating the synergistic associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise, the odds ratios for NAFLD significantly decreased when the frequency of both exercises increased together in both men (p for interaction <0.01) and women (p for interaction<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Combining aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise had a synergistic preventive association for NAFLD in Korean men and women.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Resistance Training; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise
PubMed: 36928126
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220345 -
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Dec 2023After mild stroke persistent balance limitations may occur, creating a risk factor for fear of falling, falls, and reduced activity levels. To investigate whether... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
After mild stroke persistent balance limitations may occur, creating a risk factor for fear of falling, falls, and reduced activity levels. To investigate whether individuals in the chronic phase after mild stroke show balance and gait limitations, elevated fall risk, reduced balance confidence, and physical activity levels compared to healthy controls.
METHODS
An observational case-control study was performed. Main outcomes included the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BEST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-m Walking Test (10-MWT), and 6-item version Activity-specific Balance Confidence (6-ABC) scale which were measured in 1 session. Objectively measured daily physical activity was measured for 7 consecutive days. Fall rate in daily life was recorded for 12 months. Individuals after a mild stroke were considered eligible when they: (1) sustained a transient ischemic attack or stroke longer than 6 months ago, resulting in motor and/or sensory loss in the contralesional leg at the time of stroke, (2) showed (near-) complete motor function, that is, ≥24 points on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (range: 0-28).
RESULTS
Forty-seven healthy controls and 70 participants after mild stroke were included. Participants with stroke fell more than twice as often as healthy controls, had a 2 point lower median score on the mini-BEST, were 1.7 second slower on TUG, 0.6 km/h slower on the 10-MWT, and had a 12% lower 6-ABC score. Intensity for both total activity (8%) as well as walking activity (6%) was lower in the participants with stroke, while no differences were found in terms of duration.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals in the chronic phase after a mild stroke demonstrate persistent balance limitations and have an increased fall risk. Our results point at an unmet clinical need in this population.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; Stroke Rehabilitation; Fear; Stroke; Gait; Walking; Postural Balance
PubMed: 37877724
DOI: 10.1177/15459683231207360 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024A healthy lifestyle is often discussed as being a characteristic of or a prerequisite for quality of life. In phases of high subjective stress (work overload, negative...
A healthy lifestyle is often discussed as being a characteristic of or a prerequisite for quality of life. In phases of high subjective stress (work overload, negative thoughts), however, its protective function can be limited. The two present survey studies examined two facets of a health-related lifestyle (physical activity and nutritional awareness), in particular, the correlations with general life satisfaction and their adaptive function in respect to stress (resilience). In addition, because episodes of increased stress can have a negative effect on eating, the interactions with the consumption of less healthy food were examined. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted successively with adults aged between 18 and 72 in Germany. Study 1 (N = 685) examined the research questions with correlations, moderated regression analyses, and structural equation models. Study 2 (N = 628) differentiated between sport, occupational and daily activities. Study 1 showed that the amount of physical activity and nutritional awareness are correlated with life satisfaction. The relationship between stress appraisals and general life satisfaction was moderated by physical activity and nutritional awareness (stress-buffer effect). Study 2 replicated the stress-buffer effects of nutritional awareness, daily activities, and occupational activities. Both studies showed that stress is associated with consumption of less healthy food and found interactions with physical activity and nutritional awareness. Discussed are the adaptive role of physical activity and nutritional awareness in times of stress.Trial Registration EK UniBw M 23-06, 12/16/2022.
Topics: Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Resilience, Psychological; Nutritional Status; Exercise
PubMed: 38280920
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52753-6 -
BMJ Open Aug 2023The development of children's healthy and active lifestyles, including habit formation for optimal 24-hour movement behaviour, is associated with their family...
INTRODUCTION
The development of children's healthy and active lifestyles, including habit formation for optimal 24-hour movement behaviour, is associated with their family environment. A whole-family study collecting comprehensive data that can evaluate family lifestyle behaviours in different settings in depth has the potential to provide the evidence-based information needed for national guidelines, for designing interventions and for supporting policy-makers' decisions.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
The FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep (FAMIPASS) study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study that will recruit 500 families (with at least 1 child aged between 3 and 8 years) from the urban and rural parts of all three regions of the Czech Republic. To examine the relationship between family environment and children's healthy development (eg, healthy weight) and children's active lifestyle behaviour, anthropometric measures, parents' health-related behaviour (including dietary habits, alcohol and tobacco use, screen time and bedtime rules and 24-hour movement behaviour), socioeconomic data and data about the characteristics of the home and neighbourhood will be collected from parents and children. The 24-hour movement behaviour (eg, sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) will be monitored using wGT3X-BT and GT9X Link ActiGraph accelerometers placed on the non-dominant wrist of the children and their parents for 7 consecutive days. The accelerometers will be set up for each family separately, using the group proximity mode, allowing proximity tagging between devices and establishing the time spent together and parent-child coactivities.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The overarching methodological protocol of the FAMIPASS project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic (reference number: 25/2021). The results and findings will be reported to: (1) the participating families and (2) school representatives and will be (3) presented at national and international conferences and (4) disseminated via peer-reviewed publications.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Child; Sedentary Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Life Style; Sleep
PubMed: 37550023
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073244 -
The Lancet. Healthy Longevity Dec 2023Data for the dose-response associations of moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with Alzheimer's disease-related mortality are scarce....
BACKGROUND
Data for the dose-response associations of moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with Alzheimer's disease-related mortality are scarce. We aimed to examine the prospective associations of such activity with Alzheimer's disease-related mortality.
METHODS
In this dose-response, population-based study, we pooled data from 22 consecutive waves of the US National Health Interview Survey (from 1997 to 2018). Participants aged 68 years or older were included in the study if they had full data for physical or muscle-strengthening activity, chronic conditions, functional limitations, marital status, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and BMI, and follow-up time after study entry. Participants were linked to the National Death Index until Dec 31, 2019. We defined Alzheimer's disease-related mortality as a leading cause by using the G-30 code of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems tenth revision. Information on MPA and VPA was self-reported, with participants asked to answer four questions on the frequency and duration of both types of physical activity. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and used restricted cubic splines models to assess dose-response associations, and we estimated the annual number of Alzheimer's disease-related deaths that could be prevented through physical activity using adjusted population attributable fractions.
FINDINGS
After excluding 21 377 participants, 91 298 adults were included in the analysis. The weighted mean participant age was 75·8 years (SE 0·0); 55 658 (56·7%) were female and 76 796 (87·6%) were White (weighted percentages). The median follow-up was 6·5 years (IQR 3·6-10·7), corresponding to 703 393 person-years. 2176 (2·4%) participants died due to Alzheimer's disease as the leading cause. For MPA, we did not find a significant dose-response association with Alzheimer's disease-related mortality, whereas for VPA, we observed a significant L-shaped association between 20 weekly min and 190 weekly min. For VPA, we identified a minimal amount (ie, 50% of the optimal amount) at 40 min/week (HR 0·91, 95% CI 0·84-0·95) and an optimal amount (ie, the nadir of the curve) at 140 min/week (0·79, 0·66-0·95) for reducing Alzheimer's disease-related mortality. For the USA, we estimated that 40 weekly min of VPA would prevent 12 238 deaths per year (95% CI 89-23 172) and 140 weekly min of VPA would prevent 37 710 deaths per year (311-63 567), compared with a scenario in which US adults did not do any VPA.
INTERPRETATION
These findings might inform future guidelines for preventing Alzheimer's disease-related mortality by emphasising the importance of VPA over MPA and providing specific VPA targets.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Humans; Female; United States; Aged; Male; Alzheimer Disease; Motor Activity; Exercise; Surveys and Questionnaires; Leisure Activities
PubMed: 38042163
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00212-X -
Behavioural Brain Research Jan 2024Gait termination requires an interaction between the biomechanical and neuromuscular systems to arrest forward momentum. Currently, the biomechanical characteristics of...
Gait termination requires an interaction between the biomechanical and neuromuscular systems to arrest forward momentum. Currently, the biomechanical characteristics of gait termination have been demonstrated; however, the neural mechanism of gait termination remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate cortical activity during gait termination using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Thirteen healthy younger adults (mean age:24.0 ± 1.7) participated in this study. All participants performed three experimental sessions: planned gait termination (PGT), unplanned gait termination (UGT), and walking. Each experimental session comprised a block paradigm design (three cycles; 20 s resting, 45 s task). Cortical activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary motor cortex (M1) and spatiotemporal parameters were measured. We compared the cortical activities and spatiotemporal parameters among PGT, UGT, and walking sessions. In addition, we performed Pearson correlations between hemodynamic responses and spatiotemporal parameters. The PGT was activated in the right DLPFC, whereas the UGT and walking were activated in the left SMA (p < 0.05). Comparing cortical activation between sessions, both the PGT and UGT showed significantly higher activation in the right DLPFC than during walking (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cortical activity between PGT and UGT (p > 0.05). In addition, the gait termination time revealed moderate positive correlation with hemodynamic responses in the right DLPFC (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that the right DLPFC is associated with gait termination, regardless of gait termination type. Our findings provide the potential implication that the hemodynamic response in the right DLPFC would be a biomarker to evaluate the ability of gait termination.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Walking; Gait; Motor Cortex; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 37813283
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114701 -
Sports Health 2023Male amateur marathon runners represent a unique subset of the population who may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their underlying risk... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Male amateur marathon runners represent a unique subset of the population who may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their underlying risk factors and their involvement in vigorous exercise such as marathon running.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of CVD in experienced male amateur marathon runners and health interventions on CVD risk factors.
DATA SOURCES
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and SPORTDiscus.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies selected according to the inclusion criteria.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
DATA EXTRACTION
The publication dates included were from June 1, 2008 to February 29, 2020.Published primary epidemiological, observational, randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or non-RCT studies assessing the MRFs of CVD and health interventions on CVD risk factors in male amateur marathon runners aged ≥18 years and written in the English language were included in the review.
RESULTS
Five studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. These included male amateur marathon runners (n = 862), aged 42 to 77 years. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and alcohol use were MRFs positively associated with an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis found in a subset of male marathon runners. No studies examined health interventions on CVD risk factors in any of the included studies. All 5 studies were of good quality from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tools used. The risk of bias was low to moderate.
CONCLUSION
There is a paucity of observational studies evaluating the CVD MRFs. Negative lifestyle behaviors exist within this population despite their engagement in physical exercise through marathon running. Marathon running does not negate the long-term effects caused by past negative lifestyle behaviors. This systematic review identifies that this population may not be aware of their possible risk of atherosclerosis and, consequently, CVD.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Adult; Marathon Running; Cardiovascular Diseases; Running; Exercise; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37249222
DOI: 10.1177/19417381231176534 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Nov 2023To identify implementation strategies and safety outcomes (adverse events) of community-based physical activity interventions for adolescents and adults with complex... (Review)
Review
AIM
To identify implementation strategies and safety outcomes (adverse events) of community-based physical activity interventions for adolescents and adults with complex cerebral palsy (CP).
METHOD
Five electronic databases were systematically searched to April 2022. Data were extracted on the implementation and safety of physical activity interventions for adolescents and adults with CP, classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V, delivered in a community setting.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies with 262 participants (160 participants classified in GMFCS levels IV or V) were included. Community settings included schools (n = 4), participants' homes (n = 3), gymnasia (n = 2), swimming pools (n = 2), and other settings (n = 4). Most studies specified medical or safety exclusion criteria. Implementation strategies included pre-exercise screening, use of adapted equipment, familiarization sessions, supervision, physical assistance, and physiological monitoring. Attendance was high and attrition low. Nine studies reported non-serious, expected, and related events. Four studies reported minor soreness and four studies reported minor fatigue post-exercise. Serious adverse events related to exercise were infrequent (reported for 4 of 160 participants [<2%]: three participants withdrew from an exercise programme and one participant ceased exercise for a short period). Most frequently reported was pain, requiring temporary exercise cessation or programme change, or study withdrawal (three participants).
INTERPRETATION
For most adolescents and adults with CP classified in GMFCS levels IV and V, physical activity interventions can be safely performed in a community setting, without post-exercise pain or fatigue, or serious adverse events.
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS
Supervised community-based physical activity interventions can be safely performed by people with complex cerebral palsy. Post-exercise pain or fatigue was not common among those classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV or V. Serious adverse events are infrequent when exercising in community settings, with safety strategies.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Adolescent; Cerebral Palsy; Quality of Life; Exercise; Pain; Fatigue
PubMed: 37032538
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15611