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BMJ Open Sep 2023The aim of the study was to evaluate concurrent changes in physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition over 4 years by multivariate trajectory...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate concurrent changes in physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition over 4 years by multivariate trajectory analysis and to examine whether sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predict the probability of being classified to a certain subgroup of observed changes.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
Public sector employees.
PARTICIPANTS
3550 participants of the Finnish Retirement and Aging study.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Participants estimated on a yearly questionnaire their weekly hours of different types of activities converted to metabolic equivalent of task-hour/week. Self-rated health was assessed on a 5-point Likert-like scale from poor to excellent and dichotomised as suboptimal and optimal. Multivariate trajectory analysis was used to distinguish different subgroups of trajectories. Multinomial regression analysis was used to describe the associations between covariates and the probability of being classified to a certain trajectory group.
RESULTS
Three trajectory groups were identified, all displaying increasing activity during retirement with a simultaneous decrease in perceived suboptimal health. Physical activity peaked at 18 months after retirement and then slightly decreased, except for initially highly physically active participants (9%) with good self-rated health, who demonstrated a constant high level of physical activity. Male gender, professional occupation, being married or cohabiting, body mass index <30 kg/m, not smoking and using alcohol below risk levels were associated with higher physical activity and better self-rated health.
CONCLUSION
Changes in physical activity and perceived health during retirement transition were interconnected. Both were improved during retirement transition, but the change was temporary. Longer follow-up studies are required to assess the changes over a longer period after retirement.
Topics: Humans; Male; Retirement; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Public Sector; Exercise
PubMed: 37775283
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073876 -
BMC Geriatrics Aug 2023This study examined the effect of neighborhood amenities on disability risk among community-dwelling older adults in Japan, based on lifestyle activities. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
This study examined the effect of neighborhood amenities on disability risk among community-dwelling older adults in Japan, based on lifestyle activities.
METHOD
This was an observational prospective cohort study. Participants comprised 13,258 older adults from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes. We calculated participants' Walk Score using their home addresses and divided them into three groups: "car-dependent," "somewhat walkable," and "very walkable." We then calculated the average value of lifestyle activities. We divided the neighborhood amenity groups into two groups, "fewer lifestyle activities" and "more lifestyle activities," for a total of six groups. After identifying interactions between neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities, Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios for incident disability risk, based on neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities.
RESULTS
An interaction occurred between neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities (p < 0.05). Survival probabilities for incident disability based on lifestyle activities were estimated for each neighborhood amenity group: car-dependent, 1.62 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.46); somewhat walkable, 1.08 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.40); and very walkable, 1.05 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.27). Those with fewer lifestyle activities in the car-dependent group exhibited the highest risk of incident disability in the unadjusted and adjusted models.
CONCLUSION
Given that the aging population is increasing steadily, considering older adults' neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities in their day-to-day lives can help clinicians to deliver more older adult-centered care. Incorporating the lifestyle activities and neighborhood amenities of older adults into care planning will lead to the design and development of integrated clinical and community screening programs.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Incidence; Prospective Studies; Walking; Residence Characteristics; Life Style
PubMed: 37563564
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04170-z -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Jul 2023Few whole-school physical activity programmes integrate implementation science frameworks within the design, delivery, and evaluation. As a result, knowledge of the key...
BACKGROUND
Few whole-school physical activity programmes integrate implementation science frameworks within the design, delivery, and evaluation. As a result, knowledge of the key factors that support implementation at scale is lacking. The Creating Active Schools (CAS) programme was co-designed and is underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The study aims to understand the initial impact and implementation of CAS in Bradford over 9 months using McKay's et al.'s (2019) implementation evaluation roadmap.
METHODS
Focus groups and interviews were conducted with school staff (n = 30, schools = 25), CAS Champions (n = 9), and the CAS strategic lead (n = 1). Qualitative data were analysed both inductively and deductively. The deductive analysis involved coding data into a priori themes based on McKay et al's implementation evaluation roadmap, using a codebook approach to thematic analysis. The inductive analysis included producing initial codes and reviewing themes before finalising.
RESULTS
Identified themes aligned into three categories: (i) key ingredients for successful adoption and implementation of CAS, (ii) CAS implementation: challenges and solutions, and (iv) the perceived effectiveness of CAS at the school level. This included the willingness of schools to adopt and implement whole-school approaches when they are perceived as high quality and aligned with current school values. The programme implementation processes were seen as supportive; schools identified and valued the step-change approach to implementing CAS long-term. Formal and informal communities of practice provided "safe spaces" for cross-school support. Conversely, challenges persisted with gaining broader reach within schools, school staff's self-competence and shifting school culture around physical activity. This resulted in varied uptake between and within schools.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides novel insights into the implementation of CAS, with outcomes aligning to the adoption, reach, and sustainability. Successful implementation of CAS was underpinned by determinants including acceptability, intervention complexity, school culture and school stakeholders' perceived self-efficacy. The combination of McKay's evaluation roadmap and CFIR establishes a rigorous approach for evaluating activity promotion programmes underpinned by behavioural and implementation science. Resultantly this study offers originality and progression in understanding the implementation and effectiveness of whole-school approaches to physical activity.
Topics: Humans; School Health Services; Schools; Exercise; Focus Groups; United Kingdom
PubMed: 37408045
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01485-3 -
PloS One 2023Although physical activity (PA) has been recognized as a favourable factor in the prevention of various diseases, including certain forms of cancer, the relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Although physical activity (PA) has been recognized as a favourable factor in the prevention of various diseases, including certain forms of cancer, the relationship between PA and gastric cancer (GC) is not yet fully understood. This study aims to provide data from a pooled analysis of case-control studies within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project to estimate the association between leisure-time PA and the occurrence of GC.
METHODS
Six case-control studies from StoP project collected data on leisure-time PA, for a total of 2,343 cases and 8,614 controls. Subjects were classified into three leisure-time PA categories, either none/low, intermediate or high, based on study-specific tertiles. We used a two-stage approach. Firstly, we applied multivariable logistic regression models to obtain study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) then, we used a random-effect models to obtain pooled effect estimates. We performed stratified analyses according to demographic, lifestyle and clinical covariates.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis showed ORs of GC with no significant differences between intermediate vs low and high vs low PA level (OR 1.05 [95%CI 0.76-1.45]; OR 1.23 [95%CI 0.78-1.94], respectively). GC risk estimates did not strongly differ across strata of selected covariates except for age ≤ 55 years old (high vs low level: OR 0.72 [95%CI 0.55-0.94]) and for control population-based studies (high vs low level: OR 0.79 [95%CI 0.68-0.93]).
CONCLUSIONS
No association was found between leisure time PA and GC, apart from a slight suggestion of decreased risk below age 55 and in control population-based studies. These results may reflect specific characteristics of GC at a younger age, or the presence of a cohort effect mediating and interacting with socioeconomic determinants of GC The different distribution of PA levels among hospitalized controls could have led to an underestimated effect of PA on GC risk.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms; Motor Activity; Exercise; Leisure Activities
PubMed: 37437057
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286958 -
PeerJ 2023Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further exploration and analysis.
METHODS
This study systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for the effect of the built environment on the physical activity behaviors of older adults. R software was used to calculate the meta-estimated odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Simultaneously, the quality of included studies was evaluated using an observational study quality evaluation standard recommended by American health care quality and research institutions.
RESULTS
A total of 16 original researches were included in this meta-analysis and eight factors of the built environment were evaluated. These factors which ranked from high to low according to their impact were traffic safety (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.14-2.20]), destination accessibility (OR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.06-1.44]), aesthetics of sports venues (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07-1.37]), virescence of sports venues (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.06-1.23]), building density (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02-1.13]). Additionally, it seemed that there was no potential association between mixed land use (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.92-1.10]), the quality of pedestrian facilities (OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.08]) or commercial facilities (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.88-1.00]) and physical activity behaviors of older adults.
CONCLUSIONS
The built environment has been found to exhibit a significant relationship with the physical activity behaviors of older adults. It is proposed that factors such as traffic safety, destination accessibility, aesthetics of sports venues, virescence of sports venues, and building density be given more consideration when aiming to promote physical activity levels among older adults.
Topics: Walking; Motor Activity; Built Environment; Sports; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37780389
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16173 -
BMJ Open Jun 2024Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the general population have not been adequately reviewed. This study aimed to summarise the previous findings on this topic.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed and Ichushi-Web for articles in English and Japanese, respectively (13 April 2023).
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Articles on adverse events related to sports performed by 'individuals and groups active in the community' were included, whereas those on elite athletes, exercise therapy and rehabilitation, and school sports were excluded. Terms related to physical activity, exercise, sports and adverse events were used for the search strategies.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 67 eligible articles. Most articles were from the USA, Japan and Australia. Running, scuba diving, rugby and soccer were the most commonly reported sports. Adults were the most common age category in the samples. The most commonly reported adverse events were injuries; only 10 articles reported diseases. 13 longitudinal studies reported the frequency of adverse events based on the number of events/participants×exposure.
CONCLUSION
Adverse events such as sports trauma, disability and certain diseases occur sometimes during sporting activities by residents; however, the articles identified in this review showed biases related to the countries and regions where they were published and the sports disciplines and types of adverse events reported, and articles reporting the frequency of adverse events were also limited. This highlights the need for more high-quality observational studies on diverse populations in the future.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Sports; Exercise
PubMed: 38866565
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082984 -
BMC Public Health Nov 2023In recent years, the physical fitness situation of college students is worrying in China. Exercise motivation is of great importance for the physical activity and...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the physical fitness situation of college students is worrying in China. Exercise motivation is of great importance for the physical activity and physical fitness. However, existing studies have paid limited attention to the specific effect between exercise motivation, physical activity and physical fitness, and even less to the different genders and exercise motivation dimensions. This study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of sport motivation on physical fitness with different gender and dimension in college students.
METHODS
Physical fitness levels of 2544 college students in Wuhan and Jingzhou city were measured. Exercise motivation and physical activity was assessed using the Chinese version of the motives for physical activities measure-revised scale and the physical activity survey scale, respectively. Correlation analysis and structural equation model were used to explore the relationship between exercise motivation, physical activity and physical fitness. Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect. Multilevel regression analysis was used to examine the effects of different dimensions of exercise motivation on PF.
RESULTS
The exercise motivation of college students was directly related to physical fitness (effect value: 0.307) or indirectly related through the mediating effect of physical activity (effect value: 0.092). The mediation effect percentage of physical activity on exercise motivation and physical fitness in male (51.20%) was greater than female (27.18%), and the standardized regression coefficient of the health dimension to PF was β = 0.151, P < 0.001, and the competence dimension to PF was β = 0.189, P < 0.001.
CONCLUSIONS
The exercise motivation of college students can directly influence PF or indirectly influence PF through the mediating effect of PA. The promoting effect of exercise motivation and PA on PF in college students is related to gender and dimensions of exercise motivation. Therefore, we can improve physical fitness levels of college students by promoting their exercise motivation (especially for health motivation and competence motivation) and increasing their participation in physical activity. This study provides new strategies for improving physical fitness in college students.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Motivation; Exercise; Physical Fitness; Sports; Students
PubMed: 37964258
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17154-w -
Journal of Sport and Health Science Mar 2024Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures. However, little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical...
BACKGROUND
Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures. However, little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution. We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S. nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older. Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body fat (total and trunk fat percentage) was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.
RESULTS
Among 10,808 adults, about 54.6% spent 6 h/day or more sitting; more than one-half reported no LTPA (inactive) or less than 150 min/week LTPA (insufficiently active) with only 43.3% reported 150 min/week or more LTPA (active) in the past week. After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data, lifestyle behaviors, and chronic conditions, prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes. When stratifying by LTPA, the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insufficiently active. In the joint analyses, inactive/insufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total (female: 3.99% (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 3.09%-4.88%); male: 3.79% (95%CI: 2.75%-4.82%)) and trunk body fat percentages (female: 4.21% (95%CI: 3.09%-5.32%); male: 4.07% (95%CI: 2.95%-5.19%)) when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.
CONCLUSION
Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S. adults. The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Sitting Position; Nutrition Surveys; Leisure Activities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 36240998
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.001 -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2023To characterize the prevalence of physical activity in the population aged ≥16 years integrating sedentarism and physical inactivity.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the prevalence of physical activity in the population aged ≥16 years integrating sedentarism and physical inactivity.
METHOD
A cross-sectional study using data from the Galician Risk Behavior Data System (n=12,928) was conducted. The population was classified into four categories: physically active (active and non-sedentary), active but sedentary (active and sedentary), lightly active (inactive and non-sedentary), and extremely sedentary (inactive and sedentary). Prevalences were calculated for each category and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted.
RESULTS
58.0% of the population was physically active and the remaining 42.0% presented some degree of sedentarism and/or physical inactivity. Men were more likely to be extremely sedentary. The risk of sedentarism decreased with age, and workers and/or students were prone to a higher risk of extreme sedentarism in comparison to those who reported other status. Extremely sendentary behaviors were also more common in people with higher educational levels, individuals living alone, residents of urban environments, and smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Joint evaluation of sedentarism and physical inactivity provides a more comprehensive and realistic picture of population behaviors related with physical activity. Since sedentarism is the most prevalent behavior, this study recommends that interventions be conducted at work and at academic environments.
Topics: Male; Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Prevalence; Students
PubMed: 38056139
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102352 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature related to the "Academia da Saúde" Program, including the objective and rationale of the studies, activities... (Review)
Review
The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature related to the "Academia da Saúde" Program, including the objective and rationale of the studies, activities carried out in the program's centers, as well as the actors involved in these actions. The search for evidence was conducted in the MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, COCHRANE, and SciELO databases. Additional evidence was investigated in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES-Brazil) and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, in addition to manual searches in the references of the studies/documents. Out of 642 initial records, the information synthesis was composed of 74 studies/documents ( = 54; 73.0% scientific articles, = 48; 64.9% with cross-sectional design, = 45; 60.8% quantitative analysis). Nutrition ( = 24; 32.2%) and evaluation of the Program ( = 27; 36.5%) were the main themes analyzed. Regarding the participant/object analyzed in each study, users ( = 39; 52.6%) were the main actors investigated. Future studies should consider investigating the effectiveness of the actions developed in the program centers, especially physical activity and healthy eating practices.
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Promotion; Exercise; Workforce
PubMed: 37546326
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227899