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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Age estimation is an essential part of forensic odontology and many methods are available with variable accuracy. However, the research is going on to find the simple...
BACKGROUND
Age estimation is an essential part of forensic odontology and many methods are available with variable accuracy. However, the research is going on to find the simple and most reliable method.
OBJECTIVES
By measuring the length and area of root dentin translucency in extracted tooth specimens manually and digitally, and comparing them, this study aims to find the most reliable technique of age assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One-hundred and twenty-five single-rooted extracted human permanent teeth were selected for the study. In both unsectioned and sectioned teeth, the total length of root dentin translucency was manually measured using a digital vernier caliper. Then, in a ground-sectioned tooth specimen, the total length and area of root dentin translucency were measured digitally using a scanner scale and computer software. Both the methods were compared.
RESULTS
In both manual and digital approaches, the length and area of root dentin translucency grew with age, from younger to older age groups. On comparing the measurements, the correlation coefficient was somewhat higher for digital area measurements than other measurements ( = 0.985).
CONCLUSION
The digital technique outperforms the traditional way for calculating age, and furthermore, measuring the area in the digital method for age estimation has shown to be more accurate.
PubMed: 37654306
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_33_23 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Mar 2024In our previous study, we provided evidence that Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM) and its extracts possess a protective capability against radiation-induced damage,...
BACKGROUND
In our previous study, we provided evidence that Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM) and its extracts possess a protective capability against radiation-induced damage, potentially mediated through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). However, we were pleasantly surprised to discover during our experimentation that AM not only offers protection against radiation damage but also exhibits a radiation sensitization effect. This effect may be attributed to a specific small molecule present in AM known as ononin. Currently, radiation sensitizers are predominantly found in nitrazole drugs and nanomaterials, with no existing reports on the radiation sensitization properties of ononin, nor its underlying mechanism.
PURPOSE
This study aims to investigate the sensitization effect of the small molecule ononin derived from AM on lung cancer radiotherapy, elucidating its specific molecular mechanism of action. Additionally, the safety profile of combining astragalus small molecule ononin with radiation therapy will be evaluated.
METHODS
The effective concentration of ononin was determined through cell survival experiments, and the impact of ononin combined with varying doses of radiation on lung cancer cells was observed using CCK-8 and cell cloning experiments. The apoptotic effect of ononin combined with radiation on lung cancer cells was assessed using Hochester staining, flow cytometry, and WB assay. Additionally, WB and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to investigate the influence of ononin on HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics Simulation was employed to validate the targeted binding ability of ononin and HIF-1α. A lung cancer cell line was established to investigate the effects of knockdown and overexpression of HIF-1α. Subsequently, the experiment was repeated using tumor bearing nude mice and C57BL/6 mouse models in an in vivo study. Tumor volume was measured using a vernier caliper, while HE, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to observe the effects of ononin combined with radiation on tumor morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. Additionally, Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the impact of ononin on HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in vivo, and its effect on liver function in mice was assessed through biochemistry analysis.
RESULTS
At a concentration of 25 μM, ononin did not affect the proliferation of lung epithelial cells but inhibited the survival of lung cancer cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the combination of ononin and radiation could effectively inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, induce apoptosis, and suppress the excessive activation of the Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha/Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the combination of ononin and radiation reduced the size and proliferation of lung cancer tumors, promoted cancer cell apoptosis, mitigated abnormal activation of the Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha pathway, and protected against liver function damage.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that the combination of AM and its small molecule ononin can enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer to radiation. Additionally, it has been observed that this combination can specifically target HIF-1α and exert its effects. Notably, ononin exhibits the unique ability to protect liver function from damage while simultaneously enhancing the tumor-killing effects of radiation, thereby demonstrating a synergistic and detoxifying role in tumor radiotherapy. These findings contribute to the establishment of a solid basis for the development of novel radiation sensitizers derived from traditional Chinese medicine.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Lung Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Mice, Nude; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Glucosides; Isoflavones
PubMed: 38308918
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155290 -
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2023The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL),...
AIM
The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months-18 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58°CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41°CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD × 100/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The mean age was 6.66 ± 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 ± 3.33 mm and 87.96 ± 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 ± 3.05 and 86.22 ± 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 ± 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm ± 2.63 and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 ± 1.65 and in females was 35.84 ± 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male - 55.37 ± 4.75 mm and 58.56 ± 5.34 mm, female - 53.32 ± 4.74 mm and 46.26 ± 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD.
CONCLUSION
This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children's spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative.
PubMed: 38059076
DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_326_22 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Nov 2023Corneal diameter (CD) measurement in newborns is essential for the detection of blinding ocular pathologies. It requires specially trained personnel, contact techniques,...
BACKGROUND
Corneal diameter (CD) measurement in newborns is essential for the detection of blinding ocular pathologies. It requires specially trained personnel, contact techniques, and the use of anesthesia. Smartphone use may obviate these challenges.
AIM
This study compares CD measurement among newborns using a Smartphone and manual calipers.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This is a cross-sectional comparative study done at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Consecutively selected stable term neonates whose mothers consented to the study and met the inclusion criteria had their CDs measured with both calipers and smartphones and the values compared. Mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM (version 22), while paired t-test calculated the difference in mean CD measurements between both methods. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman's analysis determined the correlation and agreement between both methods, respectively. Inter and intraobserver repeatability were assessed. A P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The mean CD measurement using calliper method was 10.01 ± 0.29mm and 10.03 ± 0.24 mm right eye (RE) and left eyes (LE), respectively) for investigator 1 and 10.16 ± 0.25 mm and 10.19 ± 0.21 mm (RE, LE) for investigator 2. Using smartphone measurement, mean CD measurements of 9.98 ± 0.21 mm and 10.00 ± 0.29 mm (RE, LE) were observed for investigator 1 and 10.07 ± 0.19 mm and 10.06 ± 0.21 mm (RE, LE) for investigator 2. The difference in mean CD for both instruments and by both investigators was not statistically significant (P value > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Corneal diameter measurement in neonates using smartphone technology does not deviate significantly from caliper measurement; it is safe, easy to use, and advocated.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Smartphone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eye; Mothers; Nigeria; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38044784
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_490_23 -
Phytomedicine Plus : International... Nov 2023Moringa ( Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in...
BACKGROUND
Moringa ( Lam.) seed extract (MSE) and its primary bioactive compound, moringa isothiocyanate-1(MIC-1), mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer in the rodent models following oral application.
PURPOSE
To investigate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of MSE and purified MIC-1 in a TPA-induced mouse ear edema model.
STUDY DESIGN
The present study elucidates the topical anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of action of MSE, containing 38% of MIC-1 and purified MIC-1 using a mouse ear edema model utilizing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as the pro-inflammatory agent.
METHODS
A time-dependent and dose-dependent response was determined by pretreating CD-1 mice with various doses of MSE and MIC-1, positive control, dexamethasone, or vehicle control, followed by TPA, and the subsequent difference in ear thickness was measured using digital Vernier calipers. The effective doses of MSE and MIC-1were then selected to evaluate the change in weight of the ears using 6 mm biopsy punches and the results were confirmed by microscopy. Inflammatory markers were quantified with Luminex multiplex immunoassay.
RESULTS
MSE and MIC-1 were effective in a dose-dependent manner in a TPA-induced ear edema model, causing a reduction in ear thickness and a 48% and 49% decrease in ear punch weight, respectively. MSE and MIC-1 also caused a reduction in the levels of cytokine and chemokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in the ear tissue. MSE and MIC-1 reduced IL-6 expression by 84% and 78%, MCP1 by 74% and 73%, and KC by 56% and 43%, respectively. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of MSE and MIC-1 was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, used to assess the thickness of the ear swelling. MSE significantly reduced the thickness of the ears by 20% compared to TPA.
CONCLUSION
These results reveal the topical anti-inflammatory properties of MSE, and MIC-1 likely transmitted via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways as mentioned in previous studies. This work also suggests therapeutic uses of MSE and/or MIC-1 for skin inflammation.
PubMed: 38037612
DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100479 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2023To evaluate the association between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), dietary preferences, and 2nd digit-4th digit (2D:4D) ratio. The objective is to contrast the...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
To evaluate the association between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), dietary preferences, and 2nd digit-4th digit (2D:4D) ratio. The objective is to contrast the detection and prevalence of dental caries in children with different sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of 6--propylthiouracil (PROP) and its association with 2D:4D.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 300 children below 71 months of age were assigned to two study groups-group I (caries-free) and group II (caries). PROP sensitivity test was carried out to determine the inherent genetic ability to taste a bitter or sweet substance. Evaluation of dietary preferences was carried out using a food preference questionnaire, which was completed by the parents of the children to know the child's dietary habits and their sweet, sour, and strong taste preferences. The length of the index (2D) and ring (4D) finger was measured with the help of digital vernier caliper to record the 2D:4D ratio. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-squared test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS
The results suggested a positive association between S-ECC and dietary preferences but could not establish a straightforward 1:1 relation between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC.
CONCLUSION
An individual considered as nontaster by PROP test was a sweet liker with low 2D:4D ratio having high caries index. The association between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC should further be explored by taking other influencing factors into consideration before arriving at a definitive conclusion.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Srivastava SK, Garg N, Pathivada L, Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):740-744.
PubMed: 38162242
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2681 -
Journal of Physiological Anthropology Jul 2023The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.
AIM
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 232 Bulgarians aged 20-40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Four interdental indices were calculated: inter-incisive, premolar, upper, and lower molar indices.
RESULTS
We found a decrease in the percentage ratio of the lateral to the central incisors of people from the Bulgarian population compared to those dating from the Eneolithic period on the territory of Bulgaria. Furthermore, we found a reduction in the percentage ratio of the upper and lower second molars compared to the first ones. The biggest reduction in the percentage ratio (more than 6%) was found in the lower second premolars compared to the first ones, which is characteristic for southern Bulgarians.
CONCLUSION
There was a dental reduction in all the distal members compared to the medial ones participating in one morphological dental group. As a result, we think that interdental indices can be used for explaining historical, cultural, and biological macro and microevolutionary processes and thus for understanding the origin, formation, contacts, and migration pathways of the different populations leading to ethnic variation of humanity. Therefore, they can be a reliable source of information in physiological anthropology.
Topics: Humans; Bulgaria; Young Adult; Adult; Tooth
PubMed: 37481566
DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00332-5 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2023The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
CONTEXT
The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There is lack of enough literature on the facial profiles of Indians.
AIM
To assess correlations between facial parameters and stature of young Maharashtrian women by using anthropometry.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
It is a cross-sectional observational pilot study at Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
The study included 15 students of 21-23 years age selected by simple randomisation. The facial parameters were measured by sliding vernier calipers after identifying facial landmarks by stickers. Facial height (FH) in thirds; upper FH (UFH), middle FH (MFH) and lower FH (LFH); facial width (FW) and stature or overall height (OH) were calculated to define average facial features.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Multiple pairwise statistics and simple linear regression analyses were done for various dependent variables.
RESULTS
The means of UFH, MFH, LFH and total facial heights (TFH) were found to be 5.2 ± 0.54, 5.35 ± 0.34, 5.16 ± 0.44 and 15.7 ± 0.98 cm, respectively. The TFH showed a moderate correlation with stature (P ≤ 0.05, r = 0.64) and a strong correlation with lower lip length (P = 0.001, r = 0.78). Facial width showed a negative correlation with facial shape (P ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The selected sample showed the statistically insignificant difference between UFH, MFH and LFH indicating equitable distribution among Indian women of Maharashtrian origin of 21-23 year age group. Longer TFH is positively correlated with higher stature and longer lower lip length.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pilot Projects; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Dental Care; Face
PubMed: 38197340
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_594_22 -
Journal of Education and Health... 2023This study "Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental...
BACKGROUND
This study "Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental study" was conducted to study and find the effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on reduction of pain, correction of rounded shoulder, and disability. Pain, disability, and rounded shoulders are the major limiting factors as it affects the quality of life and reduces efficiency and social participation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted among 120 individuals with cervical postural syndrome, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Vernier caliper to evaluate pain, functional disability, and rounded shoulder, respectively. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, by using SPSS software. Interventional training was given for 6 weeks to the patients. Group A subjects were given spinal stabilization exercises. Group B subjects were given Mckenzie approach. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS; pre-test and post-test were used to calculate the results, followed by data presentation and analysis.
RESULT
The result showed that at the end of the 6 weeks on comparison between pre- and post-intervention of Group A and Group B, both the techniques were effective, but group B was significantly effective than Group A.
CONCLUSION
It was noted that McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises were effective on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome, but on comparing both techniques, Mckenzie protocol is more beneficial than segmental spinal stabilization exercises. The study accepts the alternate hypothesis that there is significant effect of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome.
PubMed: 37727425
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_239_23 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2023The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket dimensions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This in vivo cross-sectional study comprised seven subjects with a full complement of permanent dentition without third molars. Complete arch scanning was carried out with two intraoral scanners, such as MEDIT i500, TRIOS 3 shape, after bonding with brackets. The control group consisted of bracket dimensions measured directly by using Vernier calipers before bonding. Bracket dimensions of three-dimensional (3D) images were measured by using OrthoAnalyzer software. The accuracy of intraoral scanning was investigated by comparing bracket dimensions among the three groups using One-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test, and by evaluating outcomes for each quadrant and an individual tooth in complete-arch scans.
RESULTS
When comparing bracket dimensions of 3D images with manual measurements using a traditional Vernier caliper, MEDIT i500 showed no significant difference when compared to the control group (p>0.05) in full arch scanning as well as the quadrant and single tooth scans in complete arch scanning. TRIOS 3 shape showed a significant difference when compared to the control and MEDIT i500 group (p<0.05) for all parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
MEDIT i500 showed higher accuracy and better reproduction of orthodontic bracket dimensions than TRIOS 3 shape.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Orthodontic Brackets; Molar, Third; Object Attachment; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 37750618
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33548