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BioMed Research International 2021There have been various developments in intraoral 3D scanning technology. This study is aimed at investigating the accuracy of 10 scanners developed from 2015 to 2020. A... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
There have been various developments in intraoral 3D scanning technology. This study is aimed at investigating the accuracy of 10 scanners developed from 2015 to 2020. A maxillary dental model with reference points was printed from Form 2 (FormLabs, Somerville, MA, USA). The model was scanned 5 times with each intraoral scanner (IOS); Trios 3 (normal and high-resolution mode); Trios 4 (normal and high-resolution mode) (3Shape Trios A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark); iTero Element, iTero 2, and iTero 5D Element (Align Technologies, San Jose, California, USA); Dental Wings (Dental Wings, Montreal QC, Canada); Panda 2 (Pengtum Technologies, Shanghai, China); Medit i500 (Medit Corp. Seoul, South Korea); Planmeca Emerald™ (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland); and Aoralscan (Shining 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China). After the scan, the 3D scanned stereolithography files were created. The various distances were measured five times in , , , and axes of various scans and with a vernier caliper (control) and from the Rhinoceros software. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18. Test for the normality of the various measurement data were done using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The trueness and precision of the measurements were compared among the various scans using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance was considered at < 0.05. The trueness of the intraoral scans was analyzed by comparing the measurements from the control. Precision was tested through the measurements of repeated scans. It showed that more the distance is less the accuracy for all scanners. In all studied scanners, the trueness varied but precision was favorably similar. Diagonal scanning showed less accuracy for all the scanners. Hence, when scanning the full arch, the dentist needs to take more caution and good scan pattern. Trios series showed the best scan results compared to other scanners.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Diagnosis, Oral; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Models, Dental
PubMed: 34552983
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2673040 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022For decades, optical fiber interferometers have been extensively studied and applied for their inherent advantages. With the rapid development of science and technology,... (Review)
Review
For decades, optical fiber interferometers have been extensively studied and applied for their inherent advantages. With the rapid development of science and technology, fiber sensors with higher detection sensitivity are needed on many occasions. As an effective way to improve measurement sensitivity, Vernier effect fiber sensors have drawn great attention during the last decade. Similar to the Vernier caliper, the optical Vernier effect uses one interferometer as a fixed part of the Vernier scale and the other as a sliding part of the Vernier scale. This paper first illustrates the principle of the optical Vernier effect, then different configurations used to produce the Vernier effect are classified and discussed. Finally, the outlook for Vernier effect fiber sensors is presented.
Topics: Optical Fibers
PubMed: 35408310
DOI: 10.3390/s22072694 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2016Accurate prediction of the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of canines and premolars in children with primary dentition facilitates interception of malocclusion at an early... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Accurate prediction of the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of canines and premolars in children with primary dentition facilitates interception of malocclusion at an early age. Boston University (BU) approach is one, i.e., based on primary teeth for predicting canine and premolar dimensions.
AIM
To predict the canine and premolar dimensions, in the contemporary population, using BU approach and compare with the values obtained using Tanaka-Johnston (T/J) approach.
DESIGN
Children in the age range of 7-11 years with presence of all permanent mandibular incisors and primary maxillary and mandibular canines and first molars were included in the study. Those with interproximal caries or restorations, abnormalities in shape or size and history of orthodontic treatment were excluded. Impressions of both arches were made using irreversible hydrocolloid and poured with dental stone. The MDWs of the required teeth were measured on the models using electronic digital vernier caliper from which widths of permanent canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J and BU approaches.
RESULTS
Statistically significant (p = 0.00) positive correlation (r = 0.52-0.55) was observed between T/J and BU approaches. A statistically significant (p = 0.00) strong positive correlation (r = 0.72-0.77) was observed among girls, whereas boys showed a statistically nonsignificant weak positive correlation (r=0.17-0.42) based on gender.
CONCLUSION
Boston University approach can be further studied prospectively to make it possible as a prediction method of permanent tooth dimensions for children in primary dentition stage. How to cite this article: Nuvvula S, Vanjari K, Kamatham R, Gaddam KR. Primary Dentition Analysis: Exploring a Hidden Approach. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(1):1-4.
PubMed: 27274146
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1323 -
Maedica Dec 2020The suprascapular notch is located on the lateral part of the superior border of the scapula. The anatomical variation of the notch is considered as one of the causes...
The suprascapular notch is located on the lateral part of the superior border of the scapula. The anatomical variation of the notch is considered as one of the causes of suprascapular nerve entrapment. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the suprascapular notch of Indian human dry scapulae and to compare it with scapula morphometry, which is essential to understand and treat different causes of suprascapular nerve entrapment and to obtain a safe zone, which would be useful to avoid iatrogenic nerve lesion during open arthroscopic surgeries and help in designing implants for the shoulder joint. This is an observational study, with a total of 200 human dry scapulae being observed, examined and studied in detail. The type of suprascapular notch was noted as per the description given by Rengachary et al. Digital Vernier Caliper was used for classical osteometric measurements of suprascapular notch parameters, posterior limit and posterosuperior limit of safe zone along with length and width of scapulae. A statistical data analysis was done. Out of the 200,scapulae examined by us, 172 (86%) showed the presence of suprascapular notch, while nine (4.5%) showed partial ossification and 19 (9.5%) complete ossification. Six types of suprascapular notches were observed: type I,51 (25.5%); type II 45 (22.5%); type III 64 (32%); type IV 11 (5.5%); type V 9 (4.5%), and type VI 20 (10%). Type III notch was more prevalent. The study showed a moderate positive linear correlation between the width of the scapula and the safe zone of type III notch, respectively. Anatomical knowledge about the types of suprascapular notch and measurements is very helpful in the diagnosis and management of cases with shoulder pain due to suprascapular nerve entrapment and also while administering suprascapular nerve blocks for surgeries involving the shoulder region. Safe zone distances are very important for avoiding iatrogenic suprascapular nerve injuries during shoulder surgical procedures.
PubMed: 33603903
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.15.4.461 -
Current Medical Imaging 2023This study proposes a method for improving the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) models generated through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
PURPOSE
This study proposes a method for improving the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) models generated through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS
A 3D cuboid model fitted with a ¼-scale dentition on its top surface was constructed to simulate an alveolar bone with teeth. A physical specimen of the model was printed and the distance between its opposite sides was measured using a vernier caliper. The physical model was light-scanned, and the surface data of the generated 3D model were corrected by calibrating the distance between opposite sides against the vernier caliper measurements. The physical model was also scanned using CBCT to reconstruct a second 3D model. The overall deviation between the two models and the distance deviation in each direction of the cuboid and dentition were quantified and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
The overall deviation between the reconstructed CBCT model and the calibrated structured light-scanned model was 0.098 ± 0.001 mm. Following calibration, the overall deviation was 0.010 ± 0.006 mm. A one-way variance analysis suggested that the overall deviations' differences were not statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study lays a solid foundation for accurate dental implantation.
Topics: Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Calibration; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 36799416
DOI: 10.2174/1573405619666230217121745 -
Chinese Herbal Medicines Oct 2022(Fangfeng in Chinese), the roots of , lacks commodity specification and grade standardization in the current market. This study investigated the existing specifications...
OBJECTIVE
(Fangfeng in Chinese), the roots of , lacks commodity specification and grade standardization in the current market. This study investigated the existing specifications and grades of to provide a standardized scientific reference for its market use.
METHODS
Based on a textual research of Chinese herbal medicine from the Han Dynasty to the present, medicinal materials of different specifications and grades obtained from in the main producing areas of China were collected and the markets for these materials were investigated. Field investigations were performed in the major producing areas such as Northeast China, Hebei Province, and Inner Mongolia. Four major Chinese herbal medicine markets in China were investigated. Sensory indices were used to categorize the two specifications (wild and cultivated) according to the shape, color, texture, and cross-section. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to determine the active components. Vernier calipers and measuring tape were used to measure the diameter and length, respectively, of 41 samples. Using Excel and the R Language software, cluster analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed to assist in the application of new specifications and grades based on physical characteristics, pharmacological activity, and chemical composition.
RESULTS
The two specifications (wild and cultivated) of were divided into three grades each based on the length and diameter. Prim--glucosylcimifugin, 5--methylvisamminoside, and the length of can be used as a basis for classifying the commodity specifications and grades. The specifications and grade standards of were established based on the following eight aspects: shape, surface characteristics, texture, cross section, taste, prim--glucosylcimifugin content, 5--methylvisamminoside content and length.
CONCLUSION
The formulation of this standard stipulates the commodity specification level of . It is also suitable for the evaluation of commodity specifications in the process of production, circulation and use of .
PubMed: 36405060
DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.11.005 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2021It is important to select appropriate screws in orthopedic surgeries, as excessively long or too short a screw may results failure of the surgeries. This study explored...
It is important to select appropriate screws in orthopedic surgeries, as excessively long or too short a screw may results failure of the surgeries. This study explored factors that affect the accuracy of measurements in terms of the experience of the surgeons, passage of drilled holes and different depth gauges. Holes were drilled into fresh porcine femurs with skin in three passages, straight drilling through the metaphysis, straight drilling through the diaphysis, and angled drilling through the diaphysis. Surgeons with different surgical experiences measured the holes with the same depth gauge and using a vernier caliper as gold standard. The length of selected screws, and the time each surgeon spent were recorded. The measurement accuracy was compared based on the experiences of the surgeons and the passage of drilled holes. Further, parameters of depth gauges and 12-mm cortical bone screws from five different manufacturers were measured. A total of 13 surgeons participated in 585 measurements in this study, and each surgeon completed 45 measurements. For the surgeons in the senior, intermediate, and junior groups, the average time spent in measurements was 689, 833, and 785 s with an accuracy of 57.0, 42.2, and 31.5%, respectively. The accuracy and measurement efficiency were significantly different among the groups of surgeons ( < 0.001). The accuracy of measurements was 45.1% for straight metaphyseal drilling, 43.6% for straight diaphyseal drilling, and 33.3% for angled diaphyseal drilling ( = 0.036). Parameters of depth gauges and screws varied among different manufacturers. Both observer factor and objective factors could affect the accuracy of depth gauge measurement. Increased surgeon's experience was associated with improvements in the accuracy rate and measurement efficiency of drilled holes based on the depth gauge. The accuracy rate varied with hole passages, being the lowest for angled drilled holes.
PubMed: 35096957
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.774682 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Age estimation is an essential part of forensic odontology and many methods are available with variable accuracy. However, the research is going on to find the simple...
BACKGROUND
Age estimation is an essential part of forensic odontology and many methods are available with variable accuracy. However, the research is going on to find the simple and most reliable method.
OBJECTIVES
By measuring the length and area of root dentin translucency in extracted tooth specimens manually and digitally, and comparing them, this study aims to find the most reliable technique of age assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One-hundred and twenty-five single-rooted extracted human permanent teeth were selected for the study. In both unsectioned and sectioned teeth, the total length of root dentin translucency was manually measured using a digital vernier caliper. Then, in a ground-sectioned tooth specimen, the total length and area of root dentin translucency were measured digitally using a scanner scale and computer software. Both the methods were compared.
RESULTS
In both manual and digital approaches, the length and area of root dentin translucency grew with age, from younger to older age groups. On comparing the measurements, the correlation coefficient was somewhat higher for digital area measurements than other measurements ( = 0.985).
CONCLUSION
The digital technique outperforms the traditional way for calculating age, and furthermore, measuring the area in the digital method for age estimation has shown to be more accurate.
PubMed: 37654306
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_33_23 -
Bioengineered May 2022The study is aimed to determine the effects of cynarin (Cyn) on mice with gouty arthritis (GA) induced by monosodium urate (MSU). We measured swelling in the hind paws...
The study is aimed to determine the effects of cynarin (Cyn) on mice with gouty arthritis (GA) induced by monosodium urate (MSU). We measured swelling in the hind paws of mice using Vernier calipers and ultrasound. The liver, kidney, and hind paws were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and M1 type macrophages were detected in the hind paws using anti-F4/80 and anti-iNOS antibodies. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in the hind paws was detected via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were analyzed via western blotting. Cyn was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cyn treatment reduced hind paw swelling and M1 macrophage infiltration, suppressed the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation , in addition to inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKKa/β, p65, and c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, Cyn exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling effects in mice with GA by regulating the NF-κB and JNK pathways and NLRP3 inflammasomes.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Gouty; Cinnamates; Inflammasomes; Mice; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; RNA, Messenger; Uric Acid
PubMed: 35546047
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2072055 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the validity and reliability of tooth widths and Bolton ratios measured from digital models obtained from intraoral...
AIM
The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the validity and reliability of tooth widths and Bolton ratios measured from digital models obtained from intraoral scanners and plaster models derived from alginate and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Alginate and polyvinylsiloxane impression was taken for 40 subjects, orthokal stone was poured and grouped as Group I and Group II, respectively. Intraoral scanning was done using Trios Pod 3shape for the same patients, digital models were obtained and grouped as Group III. OrthoAnalyzer software was used for obtaining measurements in digital models and Aerospace Vernier calipers in plaster models. The validity and reliability of the three groups were quantified and compared.
RESULTS
Validity measurements showed significant differences between tooth widths and Bolton ratios obtained from digital models and plaster models indicating higher accuracy for plaster models whereas reliability coefficients were excellent for digital models indicating better reproducibility of values.
CONCLUSION
The study shows significant differences in accuracy on measuring with vernier calipers and Orthoanalyzer software showing plaster models are still better than digital models for measuring tooth widths and bolton ratios.
PubMed: 36110640
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_735_21