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F1000Research 2022The goal was to determine the thickness and width of the knee joint meniscus at their different regions. The objective was to compare the dimensions at these regions and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The goal was to determine the thickness and width of the knee joint meniscus at their different regions. The objective was to compare the dimensions at these regions and over the right- and left-sided specimens.
METHODS
The present study included 50 adult cadaveric knee joints, and 100 menisci (50 medial menisci and 50 lateral menisci) were studied. The meniscus was distributed into anterior, middle and posterior parts. Thickness and width at the mid-point of these three parts were determined by using the Vernier caliper.
RESULTS
The breadth of the medial meniscus was 8.38 ± 1.64 mm, 7.68 ± 1.92 mm and 13.93 ± 2.69 mm at the anterior, middle and posterior one-third regions. Same measurements for the lateral menisci at these regions were 9.84 ± 1.78 mm, 8.82 ± 2.01 mm and 10.18 ± 2.23 mm, respectively. The thickness of the medial meniscus was 4.49 ± 0.78 mm, 4.07 ± 0.81 mm and 4.79 ± 0.93 mm at these regions. The lateral meniscus thickness was 3.82 ± 0.69 mm, 4.43 ± 0.98 mm and 4.36 ± 0.8 mm, respectively.
CONCLUSION
It is believed that this data is enlightening to the arthroscopic surgeon during the meniscus transplantation either by using synthetic material or allograft as the proper sizing of the meniscus is important to prevent complications due to inaccurate sizing.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Knee Joint; Menisci, Tibial; Cadaver; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Meniscus
PubMed: 38725543
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128395.2 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2023The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
CONTEXT
The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There is lack of enough literature on the facial profiles of Indians.
AIM
To assess correlations between facial parameters and stature of young Maharashtrian women by using anthropometry.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
It is a cross-sectional observational pilot study at Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
The study included 15 students of 21-23 years age selected by simple randomisation. The facial parameters were measured by sliding vernier calipers after identifying facial landmarks by stickers. Facial height (FH) in thirds; upper FH (UFH), middle FH (MFH) and lower FH (LFH); facial width (FW) and stature or overall height (OH) were calculated to define average facial features.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Multiple pairwise statistics and simple linear regression analyses were done for various dependent variables.
RESULTS
The means of UFH, MFH, LFH and total facial heights (TFH) were found to be 5.2 ± 0.54, 5.35 ± 0.34, 5.16 ± 0.44 and 15.7 ± 0.98 cm, respectively. The TFH showed a moderate correlation with stature (P ≤ 0.05, r = 0.64) and a strong correlation with lower lip length (P = 0.001, r = 0.78). Facial width showed a negative correlation with facial shape (P ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The selected sample showed the statistically insignificant difference between UFH, MFH and LFH indicating equitable distribution among Indian women of Maharashtrian origin of 21-23 year age group. Longer TFH is positively correlated with higher stature and longer lower lip length.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pilot Projects; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Dental Care; Face
PubMed: 38197340
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_594_22 -
Cureus Apr 2024This study aimed to assess and compare dental arch widths in the anterior and posterior regions among patients undergoing extraction and non-extraction treatments for...
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess and compare dental arch widths in the anterior and posterior regions among patients undergoing extraction and non-extraction treatments for Class I and Class II malocclusions.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
A total of 40 patients were selected, with 10 in each of the categorized groups based on malocclusion type and treatment status. Dental arch widths were meticulously measured using a digital Vernier caliper at the canine and molar regions to ensure precise data collection.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were noted when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods among extraction cases in Class I malocclusion (p < 0.001). Conversely, there were no significant changes observed in arch widths among non-extraction cases in Class I malocclusion. Similarly, significant changes were observed in both extraction and non-extraction cases of Class II malocclusion when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
After treatment, both Class I and Class II extraction cases showed an increase in inter-canine arch width, while intermolar arch width remained unchanged, suggesting that the treatment did not significantly alter the buccal corridor. Additionally, there were no notable changes in inter-canine arch widths between pre- and post-treatment in Class I non-extraction cases. However, the Class II non-extraction group exhibited increased upper and lower inter-canine arch widths after treatment.
PubMed: 38738108
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57982 -
F1000Research 2022The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.
METHODS
This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured.
RESULTS
The vertebral body's anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border ( 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens ( 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters ( 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
PubMed: 37990689
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126879.2 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023This study utilized the mallard's foot as the subject, examining the bone distribution via computed tomography (CT) and analyzing pertinent parameters of the...
This study utilized the mallard's foot as the subject, examining the bone distribution via computed tomography (CT) and analyzing pertinent parameters of the tarsometatarsal bones. Additionally, gross anatomy methods were employed to elucidate the characteristics of the toes and webbing bio-structures and their material composition. Biologically, the mallard's foot comprises tarsometatarsal bones and 10 phalanges, enveloped by fascia, tendons, and skin. Vernier calipers were used to measure the bones, followed by statistical analysis to acquire structural data. Tendons, originating in proximal muscles and terminating in distal bones beneath the fascia, facilitate force transmission and systematic movement of each segment's bones. Regarding material composition, the skin layer serves both encapsulation and wrapping functions. Fat pads, located on the metatarsal side of metatarsophalangeal joints and each phalanx, function as cushioning shock absorbers. The correlation between the force applied to the tarsometatarsal bones and the webbing opening angle was explored using a texture analyzer. A simplified model describing the driving force behind the webbing opening angle was introduced. Furthermore, we designed a bionic foot, contributing a foundational reference for anti-sinking bionic foot development.
PubMed: 38132531
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080592 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2024Postoperative scar formation is inevitable, and a gold standard management has not been established to date. Due to the fact long and large scar formation occurs in...
BACKGROUND
Postoperative scar formation is inevitable, and a gold standard management has not been established to date. Due to the fact long and large scar formation occurs in reconstructive surgery, this study analyzed the relationship between various factors in patients who received breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi (LD) flap to investigate appropriate and effective management approaches.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-seven patients who underwent breast reconstruction between June 2014 and January 2015 received laser therapy on their LD donor site at the Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital. Scar evaluation was performed on both the surgical scar and intact skin on the contralateral side. Scar evaluation was conducted at five specific points, 2 cm from the midpoint of the scar on each side. Laser treatment was performed at 4-week intervals, and patients were then followed-up for 6 months. To assess scars, gross images were taken using the same settings. In addition, spectrophotometry was used for color assessment, durometer for texture and pressure evaluation, and Vernier calipers and height gauges for a more precise and objective approach.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 45.7 years, and the mean body mass index was 22.1 kg/m The operator-evaluated scar scale scores were 107.2 and 97.3 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. In the patient-rated questionnaire, the scores were 62.3 and 59.4 in the experimental and control groups, respectively.
CONCLUSION
When analyzing early-stage postoperative scars based on various factors, laser therapy is considered a very useful scar management approach. Additionally, when performing reconstructive surgery, tension force is regarded as a significant factor to take into account since it affects scar widening.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Cicatrix; Superficial Back Muscles; Surgical Flaps; Mammaplasty; Laser Therapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38418124
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13509 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Forensic identifications have utilized the height or stature of an individual in their field. Teeth and dentition can act as reliable tools to estimate the stature in...
BACKGROUND
Forensic identifications have utilized the height or stature of an individual in their field. Teeth and dentition can act as reliable tools to estimate the stature in cases where the only skull is presented as evidence. The Carrea's index assesses the stature in a subject from the lower anterior teeth dimensions.
AIM
The present study was aimed to judge the reliability of Carrea's index in Indian subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From 80 subjects who were undergraduate students, plaster models were made and each was assessed individually making 160 hemiarches. These hemiarches were divided based on the teeth alignment into normal, diastema, and crowded forms. This was followed by measurement with a vernier caliper into chord and arch.
RESULTS
In both genders, the difference seen was statistically significant between dental arch types concerning various alignments with 95.23% and 83.75% success for males and females in normal dentition and 92.30% and 85.71% in crowded dentition. Also, a significant difference was seen for the type of arch with ≤ 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. Lesser success was seen for spacing in both the genders and arches.
CONCLUSION
The present study concludes that Carrea's index is a dependable and efficient tool for estimating height in subjects having arches with crowded and normal dentition which is functional for both the gender on the left and right side of the dental arches. However, in hemiarches with diastema, this method is not reliable.
PubMed: 37694036
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_153_23 -
PloS One 2024Freshwater fauna is facing an uphill task for survival in the Ganga Basin, India, due to a range of factors causing habitat degradation and fragmentation, necessitating...
Freshwater fauna is facing an uphill task for survival in the Ganga Basin, India, due to a range of factors causing habitat degradation and fragmentation, necessitating conservation interventions. As part of the ongoing efforts to conserve the freshwater fauna of the Basin, we are working on rehabilitating rescued freshwater chelonians. We carry out various interventions to restore rescued individuals to an apparent state of fitness for their release in suitable natural habitats. Morphometric measurements are crucial to managing captive wild animals for assessing their growth and well-being. Measurements are made using manual methods like vernier caliper that are prone to observer error experience and require handling the specimens for extended periods. Digital imaging technology is rapidly progressing at a fast pace and with the advancement of technology. We acquired images of turtles using smartphones along with manual morphometric measurements using vernier calipers of the straight carapace length and straight carapace width. The images were subsequently processed using ImageJ, a freeware and compared with manual morphometric measurements. A significant decrease in the time spent in carrying out morphometric measurements was observed in our study. The difference in error in measurements was, however, not significant. A probable cause for this may have been the extensive experience of the personnel carrying out the measurements using vernier caliper. Digital image processing technology can cause a significant reduction in the stress of the animals exposed to handling during measurements, thereby improving their welfare. Additionally, this can be used in the field to carry out morphometric measurements of free-ranging individuals, where it is often difficult to capture individuals, and challenges are faced in obtaining permission to capture specimens.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Fresh Water; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Turtles
PubMed: 38484004
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300253 -
Early Human Development Nov 2023Digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered a biomarker of prenatal androgen activity, the prenatal hormone exposure may affect children's psychology and behavior.
BACKGROUND
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered a biomarker of prenatal androgen activity, the prenatal hormone exposure may affect children's psychology and behavior.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between 2D:4D ratio and behavior problems in Chinese preschool children, and to provide ideas for early intervention of children's behavior problems.
METHODS
A total of 548 Chinese preschool children aged 3-6 years were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess the children's behavior. Basic information of the children and their parents was also collected, finger length was directly measured by electronic vernier caliper.
RESULTS
We found that sex and age of the child, mother's educational level, and whether the child was an only child were the influencing factors of behavior problems (P < 0.05). Right-handed 2D:4D was negatively correlated with parent-reported anxiety/depression (P < 0.05), father-reported aggression (P < 0.05) and attention problems (P < 0.01), that is, high levels of testosterone may increase the risk of anxiety and depression, our results were in contrast to previous studies.
CONCLUSION
The 2D:4D ratio may be related to behavior problems among Chinese preschool children, and prenatal testosterone exposure may be an important factor affecting behavior problems.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Androgens; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Fingers; Problem Behavior; Testosterone; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 37797473
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105871 -
Cureus Jan 2024Background The human ear is a distinctive facial feature, revealing valuable information about ethnicity, gender, and age. Anthropometric measures play a crucial role in...
Background The human ear is a distinctive facial feature, revealing valuable information about ethnicity, gender, and age. Anthropometric measures play a crucial role in fields such as forensic medicine, prosthetics, and plastic surgery. The external ear, known for its diversity in structure and individual characteristics, has become a subject of interest in various populations. This study aims to determine the mean values of morphometric measurements for both right and left ears while exploring sexual dimorphism in ear dimensions. Methodology A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 volunteers from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, comprising 98 males and 102 females, at the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Participants were randomly selected from King Fahad University Hospital workers and patients. Using a Vernier caliper and after obtaining consent, various aspects of ear morphology were measured. The study employed statistical analyses such as the volunteers' t-test, Pearson's coefficient of correlation, and linear regression equations. Results In males, the mean total height of the right and left ears was 6.054 ± 0.5394 and 6.044 ± 0.5235 cm, respectively, while for females, it was 5.489 ± 0.4481 and 5.763 ± 4.8446 cm, respectively. The mean widths, heights, and other dimensions of the ears exhibited variations between genders. Conclusions The study provides comprehensive insights into the dimensions and indices of the pinna among the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The findings confirmed the presence of sexual dimorphism in the ear measurements, consistent with observations in other ethnic groups.
PubMed: 38196990
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51625