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Neurology India 2023Asterion is the junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures. In traditional anatomy teaching, it is believed that asterion sits over the...
BACKGROUND
Asterion is the junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures. In traditional anatomy teaching, it is believed that asterion sits over the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ). It is a significant surgical landmark for the placement of a burr hole in the retrosigmoid approach.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the asterion's accuracy as a TSSJ-specific external surgical landmark in the Indian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
16 human dried skulls were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi. The point of TSSJ was taken between the two lips and just posterior to the entry of the superior petrosal sinus. Asterion internally was localized with the help of a geometrical divider. The x- horizontal/ anterior and y- vertically superior (+)/ inferior (-) distances were measured from asterion (internally) to the TSSJ by a digital vernier caliper.
RESULTS
The mean horizontal distance (x) of the left side asterion & TSSJ was 10.3±1.0mm whereas the vertical distance (y) ranged between +2 to -4.3 mm. The mean horizontal distance (x) of the right side asterion & TSSJ was 13.5±1.4mm whereas the vertical distance (y) ranged between +3 to -4.2 mm.
CONCLUSION
Asterion is not a reliable landmark for TSSJ in Indian skulls. The TSSJ with respect to asterion was found on average 10mm and 13.5mm anterior on the left and right side respectively, and mostly inferior (average 4.2mm) in 75% of the skulls. The TSSJ was closer to the asterion on the left side in comparison with the right side. However, further studies with a larger sample size will be needed to evaluate the population-specific relation of asterion with the TSSJ.
Topics: Humans; Craniotomy; Skull; Cranial Sinuses; Cranial Sutures; Transverse Sinuses
PubMed: 37635506
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.383854 -
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2024The aim of this study was to introduce a novel intraoral technique for performing mandibular nerve blocks in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). In this study, 18...
The aim of this study was to introduce a novel intraoral technique for performing mandibular nerve blocks in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). In this study, 18 adult camel skulls of varying ages and breeds were examined to determine the position of the mandibular foramen. Using a Vernier caliper, three dimensions in millimeters were measured: (1) the distance between the mandibular foramen (MF) and the caudal edge of the third molar tooth at the occlusal surface level, (2) the distance between the MF and the rostral edge border of the mandible's ramus (RER) at the occlusal surface level, and (3) the distance between the MF and the ventral margin border of the mandible (VM). The technique was evaluated using five intact camel cadaver heads (n = 5), and a total of ten mandibular nerve blocks were described. An 18-gauge 80-mm Tuohy needle was inserted into the mouth commissure and advanced caudally while injecting a saline-methylene blue solution. The accuracy of the injection was confirmed through the infiltration of the contrast dye into the target area using computed tomography (CT) and post procedural dissection. Anatomical study of the mandibular nerve site was performed to aid the blind insertion of the needle. The findings contribute to the development of veterinary anesthesia techniques and provide anatomical considerations for clinicians performing oral surgeries in sedated camels. The results demonstrated the successful implementation of the intraoral technique, highlighting its efficacy and reliability in achieving local anesthesia for oral surgeries involving the lower jaw and teeth in sedated camels. Further research studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the technique and to compare it with existing approaches.
Topics: Animals; Camelus; Reproducibility of Results; Nerve Block; Mandible; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Mandibular Nerve; Analgesia; Cadaver
PubMed: 38308261
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03885-4 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Feb 2024Identification of humans has medicolegal relevance in civil issues involving property inheritance, marriage, contested sex, admission to educational institutions, and...
OBJECTIVES
Identification of humans has medicolegal relevance in civil issues involving property inheritance, marriage, contested sex, admission to educational institutions, and the disappearance of individuals. To determine the sex of human remains, forensic anthropologists usually use morphologic and metric approaches. This study was conducted to determine stature and sex according to mandibular dimensions in postmortem autopsy samples.
METHODS
A total of 150 mandibles from people 18-65 years of age were studied. Stature and sex were noted, and six mandibular measurements were taken with Vernier calipers, flexible measuring tape, a protractor, and a graduated autopsy table. Statistical analysis of the measured parameters was conducted in SPSS software. Statistical parameters, such as mean, standard deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression, and Mann-Whitney U test were analyzed.
RESULTS
Bicondylar width was the stature estimation predictor with the strongest correlation (r = 0.439). The other parameters significantly associated with stature were bigonial width (p = 0.000), mandibular angle (p = 0.004), and mandibular arch length (p = 0.000), according to Spearman's correlation coefficient. The mandibular angle had the greatest dimorphic statistical significance (p = 0.004) according to the Mann-Whitney U test.
CONCLUSION
Bicondylar width may serve as a valuable tool for estimating stature, and mandibular angle can be used to identify sex. Our findings may help forensic anthropologists estimate stature and identify human remains.
PubMed: 37868104
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.007 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... Feb 2024Esthetic appearance of the face is a major concern in self-image among the majority of the population. The dimensions, anatomy, and arrangement of maxillary anterior are...
CONTEXT
Esthetic appearance of the face is a major concern in self-image among the majority of the population. The dimensions, anatomy, and arrangement of maxillary anterior are the key factors in the esthetic appearance of the face.
AIM
The present study aimed to measure the mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth and analyzing the golden proportion in the representative North Indian population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects were seated in the upright position in a dental clinical chair. A digital Vernier caliper was used to record the mesiodistal dimensions of central incisors (CIs), lateral incisor (LI), and canine (C) teeth in maximum smile position. A total of three sets of recordings were made by a single observer to avoid the measurement bias of both left and right sides of teeth. Digital images were also captured. Obtained measurements were used for the calculation of ratios and statistical analysis was done.
RESULTS
The prevalence of golden ratio between right CI/LI was observed in 3.1% males and 3.2% females. The calculated median ratio was 1.2 for males and 1.3 for females which differs significantly ( > 0.05) from the golden ratio. The divine proportion between visible portion of right C/LI was seen in 39.5% males and 32.3% females with calculated median value for males being 0.6 and that for females was 0.7.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of golden proportion between the CI/LI in esthetically pleasing smiles was too small (mean-3.9 in males and 2.75 in females) while the golden ratio of 0.6 was found in the majority of the population irrespective of the gender.
PubMed: 38463479
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_235_23 -
F1000Research 2022In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds ( ) are popular birds...
BACKGROUND
In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds ( ) are popular birds worldwide, due to their varied ornamentation and melodic chirping sound. Syrinx structure is suspected to be the main source of sound production during the chirping period. This study aimed to investigate syrinx morphometry and its correlation with sound frequency produced in lovebirds.
METHODS
A total of 24 lovebirds of different ages and gender were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to determine lovebird gender, meanwhile bird age was identified based on post-hatch recordings at the breeding farm. Thus, we enrolled male (n=12) and female (n=12) lovebirds aged 2 (n=4), 3 (n=4), and 4 (n=4) months in the investigation group, respectively. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed to evaluate sound frequency during chirping period. Then, syrinx morphometry was identified using a topographic approach and methylene blue staining. Each variable was evaluated with Image J software and vernier caliper.
RESULTS
Based on a topographical approach, we reported the general cartilage structure of the tracheosyringeal, bronchosyringeal, paired protrusions, tracheolateral muscles, sternotracheal muscles, and syringeal muscles in lovebird syrinx. In particular, the tympaniform membranes lateral lead a crucial role in modulating the frequency of male lovebirds more significantly (p=0,009) compared to female. On the other hand, the tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (p=0,02) and sinister (p=0,05) in females showed wider compared to male. We also reported a negative correlation between sound frequency compared to tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (y = -913,56x + 6770,8) and sinister (y = -706,16x + 5736).
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that the tympaniform membranes lateral produced the lovebirds' primary sound. The sound frequency of male lovebirds was higher compared to female, however negatively correlated with the area of tympaniform membranes lateral.
PubMed: 38779459
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108884.2 -
Cureus Aug 2023For symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), a wide range of therapeutic approaches have been suggested. To minimize discomfort and symptoms among individuals with...
Comparing the Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Topical Steroid Therapy Combination Regimen With Routine Topical Steroid Therapy in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus Symptomatic Patients.
BACKGROUND
For symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), a wide range of therapeutic approaches have been suggested. To minimize discomfort and symptoms among individuals with symptomatic OLP, extensive therapy is frequently needed. Therefore, finding a new therapeutic approach that may effectively manage OLP's symptoms and signs while having few adverse effects continues to be a difficult task. Recently, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become a popular alternative therapy option for OLP with no serious side effects.
AIM
The present research was designed to compare the effectiveness of a combination regimen of LLLT in addition to topical steroids with routine topical steroid therapy separately in order to manage patients with bothersome OLP with an extended period of follow-up.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In our trial, 60 patients were chosen and given sequential numbers as they signed up to take part. The participants were divided randomly into two categories: category A (LLLT plus topical steroids) and category B (only topical steroids). The data were entered into the aforementioned prepared case template after receiving informed consent. The aforementioned prepared case template included the following criteria for evaluating the result of the treatment: pain, recurrence, burning sensation, clinical remission, and size of the lesion. Applying the visual analog scale (VAS), pain, as well as burning sensations, were assessed in both categories. With the aid of the Electronic Digital Vernier Caliper (Mitutoyo, China), these individuals were assessed for the dimension of the lesion.
RESULTS
The pain score on day 21 of intervention in category A was 2.5, while it was 4.63 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically at day 21 (p = 0.0032). The pain score on day 28 of intervention in category A was 1.3, while it was 3.0 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically at day 28 (p = 0.003). The pain score was greater in the control category as compared to the intervention category. The burning sensation score on day 21 of intervention in category A was 2.5, while it was 4.5 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically (p = 0.0024). The burning sensation score at the follow-up phase on day 45 of intervention in category A was 1.1, while it was 3.4 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically (p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Newer therapeutic techniques are becoming accessible to oral specialists for controlling oral mucosal disorders as a result of evolving dental trends. The gold standard for treating people with symptomatic OLP continues to be topical corticosteroids. The therapeutic advantages of topical corticosteroids, however, are considerably outweighed by their complementary effect when paired with newer treatment methods like LLLT.
PubMed: 37750131
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44100 -
Heliyon Jun 2024This present study investigated how heat treatment affects the mechanical properties of 3D-printed black carbon fiber HTPLA by manipulating two parameters: heating...
This present study investigated how heat treatment affects the mechanical properties of 3D-printed black carbon fiber HTPLA by manipulating two parameters: heating temperature and holding time. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed black carbon fiber HTPLA components are crucial for assessing their structural integrity and performance. The shrinkage and dimensional accuracy of the 3D-printed parts were also explored using a vernier caliper. The microstructure of both heat-treated and non-heat-treated HTPLA black carbon fiber 3D-printed parts was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Samples were prepared, printed, heat-treated, and mechanically tested, and their microstructure was observed and recorded. The results showed that heat treatment improved the material's strength, hardness, and crystallinity, leading to better mechanical properties. However, statistical analysis indicates no clear evidence that the two factors, optimum heating temperature and holding time, affect the mechanical properties of heat-treated printed parts. Nonetheless, further study suggests that these factors might be important in optimizing the heat treatment process.
PubMed: 38912502
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32282 -
Cureus Jan 2024When conducting a forensic investigation, one of the most important steps is establishing the biological profile of a victim who cannot be positively recognized or is...
BACKGROUND
When conducting a forensic investigation, one of the most important steps is establishing the biological profile of a victim who cannot be positively recognized or is just a skeleton. It has been shown that, among the other clinical indicators, the diameters of dental crowns are a good and dependable source for determining gender in a particular population sample. However, the literature is sparse regarding their assessment as a viable marker for the determination of a particular race. In addition, the need for population-specific data has also been advocated while determining gender dimorphism based on tooth size.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To study the bisexual variation in the permanent dentition of individuals from three different sets of populations: Arabian, South Asian, and East Asian. The other objective is to explore the role of this odontometric analysis in predicting the racial identity of the subjects belonging to the aforementioned population.
METHODOLOGY
The research was conducted at the College of Dentistry, AlJouf University in Sakaka. Measurements of mesiodistal and buccolingual (BL) distances were taken using a digital vernier caliper on a total of 75 pairs of research models or casts. Statistical tests were run on the information gathered.
RESULTS
Of the 75 casts, 38 (50.7%) were of male and 37 (49.3%) were of female. Our analysis showed between genders, a significant difference in maxillary central incisor (P = 0.001), first premolar (P = 0.01), and first molar (P = 0.02) while for a mandibular arch, a significant difference was noted for incisors (P = 0.002) with greater tooth dimension in male than in the female. Concerning the BL dimensions, only the mandibular canine showed a significant difference between males and females (P = 0.001). Comparisons of the crown dimensions between population groups showed that the Arabian population consistently exhibits larger tooth dimensions than the other two populations in both arches.
CONCLUSION
A few crown dimensions can be used as an adjunctive tool for the identification of the gender and race of an individual.
PubMed: 38298295
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51446 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023Investigation on food allocation among nestlings of altricial birds is crucial in understanding parent-offspring conflicts within avian families. However, there is no...
Investigation on food allocation among nestlings of altricial birds is crucial in understanding parent-offspring conflicts within avian families. However, there is no consensus in empirical studies regarding whether parents or offspring determine the food allocation pattern within a brood. In the Plain Laughingthrush (), we examine the relationship between parental feeding strategies and nestling begging behaviors. Due to hatching asynchrony, larger nestlings have a competitive advantage in food acquisition over their smaller brood-mates; nevertheless, if the initial food-receivers were already satiated and did not immediately consume the food, parents would retrieve the food and re-allocate it to another nestling. This re-feeding tactic employed by parents reduced the likelihood of early-hatched nestlings monopolizing the food solely due to their larger body size. Our findings indicate that parents primarily allocated food based on nestling begging intensity, while their re-feeding tactic is determined by whether the first food-receivers have consumed the food. To date, our research demonstrates that while parental food allocation primarily hinges on the begging intensity of the nestlings, the decision to re-feed is contingent upon whether the initial recipients of the food ingest it immediately.
PubMed: 38003140
DOI: 10.3390/ani13223522 -
Data in Brief Jun 2024This paper introduces a comprehensive dataset focusing on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of 3D printed specimens derived from a hybrid manufacturing...
This paper introduces a comprehensive dataset focusing on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of 3D printed specimens derived from a hybrid manufacturing process. The design of these specimens incorporates surfaces oriented at 0˚, 45˚, and 90˚ angles for surface roughness testing, along with cylindrical, radial, and pocket areas to evaluate dimensional accuracy. Utilizing PLA material, the specimens undergo a printing phase followed by milling within the same machine, thereby enhancing both surface roughness and dimensional quality. Surface roughness data is gathered through a surface roughness tester, while dimensional accuracy is assessed using a digital vernier caliper. The dataset includes comparative analyses conducted before and after the hybrid manufacturing process, revealing notable improvements in both surface roughness and dimensional accuracy post-processing. These findings furnish valuable insights for researchers and engineers engaged in hybrid manufacturing processes involving PLA material, serving as a foundational resource for further investigations and advancements in the field.
PubMed: 38756928
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110477