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Journal of Oral Biology and... 2020Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental curriculum, using animations, and games. The review is an expositor of the designs of educational tools devised, the advantages, limitations and students perception towards the unconventional pedagogy technique.
METHOD
The database of sciencedirect, pubmed and google scholar was pursued for publications on games, animations and mime used in dental curriculum up to May 10, 2020.
RESULTS
The electronic and manual search showcased 73 titles with 39 full-texts, out of which 9 were clinical trials and are discussed in this review. Edutainment tools comprising of games (n = 5), animations (n = 3) and mime (n = 1) were utilized to explain the topics of nervous system, action potentials, dentin bonding, blood grouping, cranial nerves, drug interaction, periodontal health education, and cardiac cycle.
CONCLUSION
The edutainment though a recent expedition, is highly promising when reinforced with classroom lectures. It is associated with improved understanding, enhanced student engagement and better test scores. The ease of availability, accessibility of such tools providing fun and amusement, is positively intercepted by the students and has an optimistic impact on teaching dental subjects.
PubMed: 32775185
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.016 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jul 2022The conventional radiotherapy protocol to treat head-and-neck cancer is usually followed by tooth-decay onset. Radiation impact on mineralized tooth structures is not... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The conventional radiotherapy protocol to treat head-and-neck cancer is usually followed by tooth-decay onset. Radiation impact on mineralized tooth structures is not well-understood. This systematic review aimed to collect the recorded effects of therapeutic radiation on tooth chemical, structural and mechanical properties, in relation with their means of investigation.
DATA
Systematic search (January 01 2012 - September 30 2021) terms were "Radiotherapy", "Radiation effects", "Dental enamel", "Dentin", "Human" and "Radiotherapy" NOT "Laser".
SOURCES
PubMed, DOSS and Embase databases were searched.
STUDY SELECTION
Selected studies compared dental enamel, coronal and root dentin properties before and after in vitro or in vivo irradiation up to 80 Gy.
RESULTS
The systematic search identified 353 different articles, with 28 satisfying inclusion criteria. Their reference lists provided two more. Twenty-two studies evaluated dental enamel evolution, nine assessed coronal dentin and eight concerned root dentin. Coronal and root dentin results indicate a major impact of the radiation on their organic matrix. Dental enamel's chemical properties are less modified. Enamel and root dentin's hardness are decreased by therapeutic radiation, but no consensus arises for coronal dentin.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings revealed some interesting information about enzymatic degradation mechanisms of dentin organic matrix and highlighted that dental hard-tissue characterization requires highly specific expertise in materials science. That scientific knowledge is necessary to design suitable protocols, adequately analyze the obtained data, and, thus, provide relevant conclusions.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Better knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms involved in the degradation of enamel and dentin would enable development of new preventive and therapeutic methods for improved medical care of patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Radiation Injuries; Tooth
PubMed: 35570008
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.014 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BW) and laser fluorescence (LF), in relation to their ability to detect (dentin) caries under clinical and laboratory conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the PIRDS concept (N = 1090). A risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Reports with low/moderate RoB, well-matching thresholds for index and reference tests and appropriate reporting were included in the meta-analysis (N = 37; 29 in vivo/8 in vitro). The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were computed.
RESULTS
SP ranged from 0.50 (fibre-optic transillumination/caries detection level) to 0.97 (conventional BW/dentine detection level) in vitro. AUCs were typically higher for BW or LF than for VE. The highest AUC of 0.89 was observed for VE at the 1/3 dentin caries detection level; SE (0.70) was registered to be higher than SP (0.47) for VE at the caries detection level in vivo.
CONCLUSION
The number of included studies was found to be low. This underlines the need for high-quality caries diagnostic studies that further provide data in relation to multiple caries thresholds.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
VE, BW and LF provide acceptable measures for their diagnostic performance on occlusal surfaces, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited data in many categories.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Fluorescence; Humans; Radiography, Bitewing; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Transillumination
PubMed: 34128130
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04024-1 -
Lasers in Medical Science Nov 2023This systematic review provides an overview of the main chemical and morphological alterations generated on dentin by different high-power lasers' irradiation. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review provides an overview of the main chemical and morphological alterations generated on dentin by different high-power lasers' irradiation.
METHODS
The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023394164) and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The search strategy was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases. The eligibility criteria were established according to the PICOS strategy, focusing on in vitro and ex vivo studies that assessed the chemical and morphological changes in dentin using five high-power lasers: Nd:YAG (1064 nm), Er:YAG (2940 nm), Er, Cr:YSGG (2780 nm), diode (980 nm), and CO (10,600 nm). Publication range was from 2010 to 2022. Data was summarized in tables and risk of bias was assessed by QUIN tool.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 2255 matches and 57 studies composed the sample. The methods most used to assess the outcomes were scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman. The studies presented "medium" and "low" risk of bias. The laser prevalently identified was the Er:YAG laser, associated with dentin ablation, absence of smear layer, and exposed tubules. The Nd:YAG laser generated vitreous surface and thermal damage, such as carbonization and cracks. The other lasers caused an irregular surface and no adverse thermal effects. Regarding the chemical structure, only the Er,Cr:YSGG laser caused collagen matrix reduction. The effects found were more intense with higher dosimetry.
CONCLUSION
Evidence available indicates that the irradiation of dentin with high-power lasers are related to morphological outcomes favorable to adhesive restorative procedures, with minimal changes in collagen matrix and mineral content. However, those observations should be carried carefully by clinicians and more clinical trials regarding the association of high-power laser irradiation and restorative procedure longevity are needed.
Topics: Dentin; Lasers, Solid-State; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Collagen
PubMed: 37932490
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03912-0 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Dec 2023In a suitable condition, it is important to perform any dental restorative procedure using an operatory field isolated. Then, the aim of this study was to compare the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In a suitable condition, it is important to perform any dental restorative procedure using an operatory field isolated. Then, the aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of composite restorations to dentin affected by any contamination agent through a systematic review.
METHODS
This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted until September 2022 by scanning the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Manuscripts evaluated the bond strength of resin-based materials to permanent human dentin contaminated with blood or saliva were selected for full-text review. The risk of bias was assessed by the RoBDEMAT tool.
RESULTS
A total of 3750 papers resulted from the search from all databases. After the full-text reading, a total of 62 articles remained for the qualitative analysis. The contamination agents used were blood, saliva, and hemostatic agents. A great variety of protocols were used to contaminate the dentin surface, and the contamination process occurred in several steps of the bonding process, including before and after the etching process, after the primer application and after the adhesive application. Also, several decontamination procedures were tested, including reapplication of the etching material, rinsing with water, chlorhexidine or sodium hypochlorite and reapplication of the adhesive system.
CONCLUSION
Any contamination with blood or saliva impaired the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin. Decontamination procedures including water-spray and reapplication of the bonding system could revert the impairment produced by the saliva or blood contamination. The use of hemostatic agents as a method of blood decontamination is not recommended.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Clinicians should avoid contamination during a bonding procedure, otherwise, a reduction in the bond quality is expected.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Surface Properties; Decontamination; Hemostatics; Dentin; Water; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37395344
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13078 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2021To investigate the treatment efficacy of low-level light therapy on dentin hypersensitivity. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the treatment efficacy of low-level light therapy on dentin hypersensitivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following the PRISMA guideline, six electronic databases supplemented with bibliographies were searched till December 2020. Two reviewers performed the screenings independently with a reliability assessment. Studies fulfilling the pre-registered eligibility criteria were included for risk-of-bias assessment and data synthesis.
RESULTS
Thirty-five articles ultimately informed this systematic review based on the eligibility criteria and underwent risk-of-bias assessment (ĸ = 0.86). Quantitative results were deduced by meta-analysis of 20 randomised controlled trials: LLLT showed favourable outcomes compared to placebos for immediate (SMD: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.70), interim (SMD: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.41 to 2.23), and persistent efficacies (SMD: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.98 to 3.74). However, substantial heterogeneity existed among included studies (I: 64-95%). Regarding comparisons with other desensitising strategies, LLLT showed no significant benefits in DH alleviation over others except fluorides for interim efficacy (SMD: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.52) and persistent efficacy (SMD: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review shows that LLLT has positive immediate, interim, and persistent DH-treatment efficacies compared with placebo. No superior treatment effects of LLLT were observed except fluoride agent use. Further studies are warranted-RCTs with low risk of bias, consistent technical settings, comprehensive assessments, and long follow-up periods.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This systematic review bridges a critical research gap by analysing clinical evidence in the DH-alleviating efficacy of LLLT in comparison with placebo and other in-office desensitising strategies.
Topics: Dentin Sensitivity; Fluorides; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34642786
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04183-1 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review is to compare the bonding performance of indirect restoration with the reinforced immediate dentin sealing (IDS) method as opposed to...
AIM
The aim of this systematic review is to compare the bonding performance of indirect restoration with the reinforced immediate dentin sealing (IDS) method as opposed to the conventional IDS method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCOHost up to January 31st 2022, accompanied by a hand search in Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria involved studies comparing conventional IDS and reinforced IDS protocol and evaluating various parameters influencing the bonding performance, such as type of indirect restoration, etching protocol, cavity design, tooth surface preparation, method of oral cavity simulation, and processing after luting. The quality of six included studies was appraised using CRIS guidelines.
RESULTS
A total of 29 publications was identified, and 6 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All of the included studies were studies. The predetermined data were independently extracted and evaluated by four reviewers. It was observed that most of the studies showed an improvement in bond strength with reinforced IDS when compared with conventional IDS. Also, etch-and-rinse and 2-step self-etch adhesive protocols have shown better bonding performance than universal adhesive systems.
CONCLUSION
Reinforced IDS has similar or better bond strength to that of conventional IDS strategies. The need for prospective studies is highlighted. The future clinical studies for immediate dentin sealing ought to be reported in a uniform and methodological way.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Application of an additional layer of low-viscosity resin composite provides a thicker adhesive layer, prevents re-exposure of dentin during the final restoration, and allows a smoother preparation in lesser clinical chair time and eliminates any possible undercuts. Thus, reinforced IDS has shown to result in better preservation of the dentinal seal than IDS technique.
Topics: Dental Cements; Resin Cements; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dental Bonding; Prospective Studies; Dentin; Composite Resins; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37073921
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3415 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2023Sodium hypochlorite, a gold standard for irrigation in endodontics, has disadvantages like toxicity and root dentin weakening. Alternatives derived from natural products... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Sodium hypochlorite, a gold standard for irrigation in endodontics, has disadvantages like toxicity and root dentin weakening. Alternatives derived from natural products are being explored.
AIMS
This systematic review was done to understand the clinical benefits of natural irrigants when compared with a standard irrigant, sodium hypochlorite.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (2018 CRD42018112837) METHODS AND MATERIAL: This review was done in conformation to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2020) statement. In vivo studies using at least one natural irrigant and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were included. Studies using them as medicaments were excluded. PubMed, Cochrane and SCOPUS were searched. RevMan tool for Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and risk-of-bias tool to assess non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used. GRADEpro was used to assess certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
Ten articles (6 RCTs and 4 clinical studies) on approximately 442 patients were included. Seven natural irrigants were evaluated clinically. Due to the heterogeneity, meta-analysis could not be conducted. Antimicrobial efficacy was found to be similar for castor oil, neem, garlic-lemon, noni, papaine and NaOCl. Neem, papaine-chloramine, neem-NaOCl and neem-CHX were superior, while propolis, miswak and garlic were inferior to NaOCl. Post-operative pain was less for neem. There was no significant difference between papaine-chloramine, garlic extract and sodium hypochlorite in clinical/radiographic success.
CONCLUSIONS
The studied natural irrigants are not more efficacious than NaOCl. At the moment, they cannot replace NaOCl routinely and may only substitute in select cases.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite; Chloramines; Root Canal Irrigants; Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 36808559
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04913-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field... (Review)
Review
The regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) represents a treatment option for immature necrotic teeth with a periapical lesion. Currently, this therapy has a wide field of pre-clinical and clinical applications, but no standardization exists regarding successful criteria. Thus, by analysis of animal and human studies, the aim of this systematic review was to highlight the main characteristics of the tissue generated by REP. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to January 2022 was conducted. Seventy-five human and forty-nine animal studies were selected. In humans, the evaluation criteria were clinical 2D and 3D radiographic examinations. Most of the studies identified a successful REP with an asymptomatic tooth, apical lesion healing, and increased root thickness and length. In animals, histological and radiological criteria were considered. Newly formed tissues in the canals were fibrous, cementum, or bone-like tissues along the dentine walls depending on the area of the root. REP assured tooth development and viability. However, further studies are needed to identify procedures to successfully reproduce the physiological structure and function of the dentin-pulp complex.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Humans; Periapical Tissue; Regenerative Endodontics
PubMed: 36142446
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810534 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Apr 2024The clinical complications, success, and survival rates of indirect restorations delivered with the immediate dentin sealing protocol are unclear. (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The clinical complications, success, and survival rates of indirect restorations delivered with the immediate dentin sealing protocol are unclear.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to find and collect evidence on the clinical complication, success, and survival rates of indirect restorations delivered with immediate dentin sealing.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Electronic databases were searched for clinical studies on immediate dentin sealing up to December 2023, without language or time limitations. The records were included if they were clinical trials evaluating the clinical complication and survival rates of indirect restorations bonded to tooth substrate sealed immediately after preparation with suitable resin bonding. The extracted data were analyzed via Review Manager 5.4 for meta-analysis (α=.05).
RESULTS
A total of 11 studies were included in this review. The clinical complication rate was lower for immediately sealed dentin than for protocols without dentin sealing. The survival rate of restorations luted with the immediate dentin sealing protocol was higher (96.4% to 100%) than that of immediate dentin sealing (81.8% to 96.7%), negatively correlated with the observation time. The intensity and incidence of postoperative sensitivity were statistically significantly lower for restorations with immediate dentin sealing than for those without dentin sealing or conventionally cemented (P<.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Immediate dentin-sealed indirect restorations had fewer clinical complications and higher success and survival rates than those delivered without dentin sealing. To avoid postoperative sensitivity or reduce its intensity, dentin surfaces should be sealed immediately after preparation. More long-term randomized clinical trials are recommended to confirm these evidence-based conclusions.
PubMed: 38570282
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.014