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Journal of Hazardous Materials Apr 2022Fumigants have been used for decades to control soil-borne pathogens of high-value crops, and increasing evidence indicates they can affect non-target soil microbial... (Review)
Review
Fumigants have been used for decades to control soil-borne pathogens of high-value crops, and increasing evidence indicates they can affect non-target soil microbial communities. Understanding the impacts of these products on soil microorganisms is of critical importance not only for evaluating their environmental safety, but also because soil microbial communities have a central role in soil quality and nutrient cycling, plant growth, and crop production. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and metanalysis study of fumigant impacts on non-target soil microorganisms. In general, we found that fumigation decreases the bacterial diversity and abundance of total bacteria and nitrogen-cycling genes by approximately 10-50% during the first four weeks after application compared to non-treated soils. These decreases appear transient and tend to diminish or disappear after four weeks. Increases in bacterial diversity and abundance can occur after fumigation but are less common. Fumigant application can also alter bacterial community composition during the first six weeks after treatment by significantly increasing and/or decreasing the relative abundance of bacterial taxa involved in key soil functions such as N-cycling and plant-growth promotion. Knowledge gaps and areas where future research efforts should be prioritized to improve our understanding of the impact of organic fumigants on non-target soil microorganisms are discussed.
Topics: Fumigation; Nitrogen Cycle; Pesticides; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34999405
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128149 -
Acta Tropica Dec 2022Protozoa is a group of microorganisms that cause neglected tropical diseases, such as malaria, Chagas disease, and Leishmaniasis. Due to the growing demand for new... (Review)
Review
Protozoa is a group of microorganisms that cause neglected tropical diseases, such as malaria, Chagas disease, and Leishmaniasis. Due to the growing demand for new therapeutic agents, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained attention for antiprotozoal action. A systematic literature review described the current scenario of plant and animal AMPs with action antiprotozoal. The terms "antimicrobial peptides", "plant", and "animal" combined with the names of the etiological agents were used in the search. Boolean and Operator were used to connect the terms. The search found 4,825 articles. However, 79 articles were excluded because they were duplicates, and 4,627 were excluded based on title and abstract. Therefore, 119 were evaluated and included here. Of these, the use of antimicrobial peptides of animal origin was predominant. Still, the works with plant peptides focused on the genus Leishmania. Only antimicrobial peptides of animal origin were described for the other genera of protozoa (Toxoplasma spp, Trypanosoma spp, Plasmodium spp). Antimicrobial peptides are an excellent option as a pharmacological tool to fight these infections due to their aggregation and extravasation of cellular content through the formation of pores in the cell membrane of these microorganisms.
Topics: Antimicrobial Peptides; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Neglected Diseases; Peptides
PubMed: 36057367
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106675 -
Microorganisms May 2020This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in... (Review)
Review
This review aimed to systematically compare microbial profiles of peri-implantitis to those of periodontitis and healthy implants. Therefore, an electronic search in five databases was conducted. For inclusion, studies assessing the microbiome of peri-implantitis in otherwise healthy patients were considered. Literature was assessed for consistent evidence of exclusive or predominant peri-implantitis microbiota. Of 158 potentially eligible articles, data of 64 studies on 3730 samples from peri-implant sites were included in this study. Different assessment methods were described in the studies, namely bacterial culture, PCR-based assessment, hybridization techniques, pyrosequencing, and transcriptomic analyses. After analysis of 13 selected culture-dependent studies, no microbial species were found to be specific for peri-implantitis. After assessment of 28 studies using PCR-based methods and a meta-analysis on 19 studies, a higher prevalence of and (log-odds ratio 4.04 and 2.28, respectively) was detected in peri-implantitis biofilms compared with healthy implants. spp., spp. and spp. were found in all five pyrosequencing studies in healthy-, periodontitis-, and peri-implantitis samples. In conclusion, the body of evidence does not show a consistent specific profile. Future studies should focus on the assessment of sites with different diagnosis for the same patient, and investigate the complex host-biofilm interaction.
PubMed: 32369987
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050661 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review was to verify if the presence of different antimicrobial agents in dentifrices is effective in reducing the number of microorganisms... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to verify if the presence of different antimicrobial agents in dentifrices is effective in reducing the number of microorganisms for disease prevention. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Two independent authors reviewed the titles and abstracts according to the inclusion criteria, which comprised in vitro studies published in English that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in dentifrices and their antimicrobial activity. A total of 527 articles were found. Of these, 334 were included for reading of the title and abstract, and 69 were selected for reading in full. In the end, 39 articles remained in this review. Triclosan, sodium fluoride, and sodium monofluorophosphate were the most commonly used chemical antimicrobial agents. Among the herbal agents, miswak extract and neem extract were the most commonly used. The presence of antimicrobial agents in dentifrice formulations can promote the reduction of the number of microorganisms involved in oral diseases, but with variations in their effectiveness, depending on the agent used and the microorganism evaluated.
PubMed: 36290071
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101413 -
International Journal of Implant... Jun 2021Candida is a heterogeneous fungal genus. Subgingival sulcus is a refuge for Candida, which has already been related to the pathogenic inflammation of periodontitis. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Candida is a heterogeneous fungal genus. Subgingival sulcus is a refuge for Candida, which has already been related to the pathogenic inflammation of periodontitis. This work aims to review the presence of Candida in the sulcular fluid surrounding dental implants and discuss its potential role in peri-implantitis.
RESULTS
A bibliographical research was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, with the keywords candida, peri-implantitis, periimplantitis, "dental implant" and implant. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. At the end, nine observational studies were included, which analysed 400 dental implants with PI and 337 without peri-implantitis. Presence of Candida was assessed by traditional microbiological culture in blood agar or/and CHROMagar, though identification was also detected by quantitative real-time PCR, random amplified polymorphic DNA or ATB ID 32C. Dentate individuals and implants with peri-implantitis (range, 3-76.7%) had a bigger presence of Candida. C. albicans was the most isolated species, followed by Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida dubliniensis.
CONCLUSION
Candida is part of the microbiological profile of the peri-implant sulcular fluid. More studies are needed to compare the link between Candida and other microorganisms and to discover the true role of these fungi in peri-implantitis.
Topics: Candida; Candida albicans; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 34136968
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00338-7 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Biological pest control is an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides, using organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasitoids. However,... (Review)
Review
Biological pest control is an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides, using organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasitoids. However, efficacy is variable and combining different biocontrol agents could improve success rates. We conducted a systematic review of studies combining a parasitoid with an entomopathogenic microorganism, the first of its kind. We searched in Web of Science and extracted data from 49 publications matching the pre-defined inclusion criteria. Combinations of 36 hymenopteran parasitoids with 17 entomopathogenic microorganisms used to control 31 target pests were found. and were the most frequently studied parasitoids, while , , , var. , the Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, and the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus were the main microbial agents assessed. Out of 49 parasitoid-microorganism combinations assessed in the laboratory experiments, thirty-eight were reported as compatible and six as incompatible. Timing and dosage of biopesticides played a crucial role, with later application and appropriate dosage minimizing adverse effects on parasitoid development. More research is needed to assess compatibility and efficacy under real-world conditions. Our review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to optimize the combined use of micro- and macroorganisms for effective pest control.
PubMed: 37513804
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070957 -
Respiratory Care Oct 2020COPD and bronchiectasis frequently coexist, which creates an emerging phenotype with a worse prognosis. However, the impact of bronchiectasis on the natural history of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
COPD and bronchiectasis frequently coexist, which creates an emerging phenotype with a worse prognosis. However, the impact of bronchiectasis on the natural history of COPD has not been fully evaluated and is still controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to clarify the associations of the presence of bronchiectasis with the prognosis and quality of life of patients with COPD.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following a search of medical databases, and included articles published up to April 2019. The following outcome measures were analyzed: age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, exacerbation rate, lung function, inflammatory biomarkers, albumin, colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms, isolates, isolates, hospital admissions, and mortality.
RESULTS
A total of 415,257 subjects with COPD from 18 observational studies were eligible; bronchiectasis was present in 25,929 subjects (6.24%). The coexistence of COPD and bronchiectasis occurred more often in older subjects with lower body mass index. The presence of bronchiectasis in the subjects with COPD increased the risk of daily sputum production (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95% CI 1.24-2.61), exacerbation (weighted mean difference [WMD] 0.72 times, 95% CI 0.59-0.85), frequent hospital admissions (WMD 0.35 times, 95% CI 0.21-0.49), and follow-up (>3 years) mortality (OR 2.26, 95% CI 0.95-5.36). The subjects with COPD and bronchiectasis showed poorer pulmonary function (FEV/FVC: WMD -3.37%, 95% CI -5.63 to -1.11), lower albumin (Standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.17, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.08), elevated C-reactive protein (SMD 0.40, 95% CI 0.06-0.74), a greater proportion of chronic colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms (OR 6.65, 95% CI 4.44-9.95), and a higher isolation rate of (OR 5.13, 95% CI 4.89-5.38) or (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29-2.79) than the subjects with COPD without bronchiectasis.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis confirmed the significant associations of the presence of bronchiectasis with the natural history, disease course, and outcomes in COPD. The COPD-bronchiectasis phenotype had adverse effects on subjects' health condition and prognosis.
Topics: Bronchiectasis; Disease Progression; Humans; Lung; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Sputum
PubMed: 32265292
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.07390 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Feb 2020Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a small bacterium characterized by the absence of cell wall. It is a human pathogen causing upper and lower respiratory...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a small bacterium characterized by the absence of cell wall. It is a human pathogen causing upper and lower respiratory infections, both in adults and children. However, it is also considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of extra-respiratory diseases, including some gastrointestinal disorders. The liver involvement in children during or after M. pneumoniae infections is analyzed and discussed in this review. Through a systematic literature search, it is evidenced that M. pneumoniae is not infrequently associated with alteration of liver function, but rarely causes acute and severe hepatitis in children. M. pneumoniae should be considered as an unusual cause of acute hepatitis in children, whenever the most common hepatotropic viruses have been excluded. The pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae-related hepatitis is likely to be immune-mediated: both the innate and adaptive immune responses may play a fundamental role. However, the exact pathological mechanisms have to be elucidated yet. Further clinical studies are needed in order to understand the actual relevance of this microorganism in liver disease and its pathogenesis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Databases, Factual; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 31712120
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103863 -
Oman Medical Journal Mar 2023Eye infections can be caused by several microorganisms and the most common causative bacterial agents are staphylococci, streptococci, and This study aimed to estimate... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Eye infections can be caused by several microorganisms and the most common causative bacterial agents are staphylococci, streptococci, and This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of viridans group streptococci, and as the cause of ocular infections in Iran.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on the studies published by Iranian authors from January 2000 to December 2020 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Eligible studies were selected according to the defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Statistical heterogeneity between and within groups was estimated by the Q-statistic and I index. The funnel plots, Duval and Tweedie trim, and fill methods were obtained to evaluate the evidence of publication bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. According to the meta-analysis results, the prevalence of was 19.1% (95% CI: 12.5-28.1). It was estimated 6.9% (95% CI: 4.4-10.6), 6.7% (95% CI: 4.6-9.6), and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.8-5.8) for and viridans streptococci, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
. is the prevalent bacterial agents responsible for eye-associated infections in Iran.
PubMed: 37132006
DOI: 10.5001/omj.2023.22 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020The term ocular microbiota refers to all types of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms present on or in the eye. The ocular surface is continuously exposed to the...
The term ocular microbiota refers to all types of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms present on or in the eye. The ocular surface is continuously exposed to the environment and harbors various commensals. Commensal microbes have been demonstrated to regulate host metabolism, development of immune system, and host defense against pathogen invasion. An unbalanced microbiota could lead to pathogenic microbial overgrowth and cause local or systemic inflammation. The specific antigens that irritate the deleterious immune responses in various inflammatory eye diseases remain obscure, while recent evidence implies a microbial etiology of these illnesses. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature on ocular microbiota and the role of commensal microbes in several eye diseases. In addition, this review will also discuss the interaction between microbial pathogens and host factors involved in intraocular inflammation, and evaluate therapeutic potential of targeting ocular microbiota to treat intraocular inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Eye; Eye Diseases; Humans; Immune System; Immunity; Inflammation; Microbiota
PubMed: 33424865
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609765