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Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and... 2020Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia. Proteins in plant sources that enable the maintenance of the glycemic profile may be of interest in... (Review)
Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia. Proteins in plant sources that enable the maintenance of the glycemic profile may be of interest in the context of T2DM. However, their mechanisms of action are unclear, unlike other bioactive compounds. This systematic review identified and described the mechanisms of action of isolated and purified proteins and peptides extracted from vegetables on the reduction of blood glucose in T2DM in experimental studies. The research was done in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases in March 2019. The initial search retrieved 916 articles, and, after reading the title, abstract and keywords, 24 articles were eligible for full reading. Then, five articles were eligible to build this systematic review. The evaluation of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations of the studies was evaluated with the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation - SYRCLE. Studies with proteins or peptides extracted from soybean (), corn (), peas (), costus () and ginseng () were found, and all of them decreased glycemia but not by the same mechanisms. The mechanism of action of proteins extracted from were similar, acting in the insulin-mediated pathways. The peptide derived from increased GLP-1 expression, and the peptide from reduced NF-kB signaling, both resulting in stimulating the release of insulin. Therefore, bioactive proteins and peptides of plant sources act through biochemical pathways, in the modulation of insulin resistance and the hyperglycemic state. These compounds are promising in scientific research on T2DM, because there is a probable similarity of these proteins with insulin, which enables them to act as insulin-like molecules.
PubMed: 33061503
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S256883 -
Journal of Ginseng Research Sep 2023Ginsenosides are bioactive components of Panax ginseng with many functions such as anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and anti-tumor.... (Review)
Review
Ginsenosides are bioactive components of Panax ginseng with many functions such as anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and anti-tumor. Ginsenosides are categorized into dammarane, oleanene, and ocotillol type tricyclic triterpenoids based on the aglycon structure. Based on the sugar moiety linked to C-3, C-20, and C-6, C-20, dammarane type was divided into protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT). The effects of ginsenosides on skin disorders are noteworthy. They play anti-aging roles by enhancing immune function, resisting melanin formation, inhibiting oxidation, and elevating the concentration of collagen and hyaluronic acid. Thus, ginsenosides have previously been widely used to resist skin diseases and aging. This review details the role of ginsenosides in the anti-skin aging process from mechanisms and experimental research.
PubMed: 37720567
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.005 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Stroke is the major cause of mortality and permanent disability and is associated with an astonishing economic burden worldwide. In the past few decades, accumulated...
Stroke is the major cause of mortality and permanent disability and is associated with an astonishing economic burden worldwide. In the past few decades, accumulated evidence has indicated that Xuesaitong (XST) has therapeutic benefits in cases of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our study aimed to provide the best current body of evidence of the efficacy and safety of XST for patients with AIS. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched eight electronic databases from inception to 17 July 2023 for relevant RCTs. The investigators independently screened trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 16.0 software. In total, 46 RCTs involving 7,957 patients were included. The results showed that XST improved the long-term functional outcomes with lower modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores (MD = -0.67; 95% CI [-0.92 to -0.42]; < 0.00001) and a higher proportion of functional independence (mRS ≤2) (RR = 1.08; 95% CI [1.05 to 1.12]; < 0.00001). Low-quality evidence indicated that XST improved the activities of daily living (MD = 10.17; 95% CI [7.28 to 13.06]; < 0.00001), improved the neurological impairment (MD = -3.39; 95% CI [-3.94 to -2.84]; < 0.00001), and enhanced the total efficiency rate (RR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.15 to 1.23]; < 0.00001). No significant difference was found in the all-cause mortality or incidence of adverse events between the XST and control groups. The certainty of evidence was estimated as moderate to very low. Presently, the administration of XST within 14 days of AIS is associated with favorable long-term functional outcomes. In addition, XST can improve activities of daily living, alleviate neurological deficits, and has shown good tolerability. However, the current evidence is too weak, and the confidence of evidence synthesis was restricted by the high risk of bias. Given the insufficient evidence, appropriately sized and powered RCTs investigating the efficacy and safety of XST for patients with AIS are warranted. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=446208, CRD42023446208.
PubMed: 37908976
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1280559 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024In traditional Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, BenCao Jing, and Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu), Panax ginseng, and its prescriptions have been used for the... (Review)
Review
Ginsenoside Rg1, lights up the way for the potential prevention of Alzheimer's disease due to its therapeutic effects on the drug-controllable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
In traditional Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, BenCao Jing, and Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu), Panax ginseng, and its prescriptions have been used for the treatment of dementia, depression, weight loss, Xiaoke disease (similar to diabetes), and vertigo. All these diseases are associated with the drug-controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of P. ginseng and its congener Panax notoginseng, possesses therapeutic potentials against AD and associated diseases. This suggests that ginsenoside Rg1 might have the potential for AD prevention and treatment. Although the anti-AD effects of ginsenoside Rg1 have received more attention, a systematic review of its effects on depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension is not available.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This systematic literature review comprehensively summarized existing literature on the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 in AD prevention for the propose of providing a foundation of future research aimed at enabling the use of such drugs in clinical practice.
METHODS
Information on ginsenoside Rg1 was collected from relevant published articles identified through a literature search in electronic scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The keywords used were "Ginsenoside Rg1," "Panax ginseng," "Source," "Alzheimer's disease," "Brain disorders," "Depression," "Obesity," "Diabetes," and "Hypertension."
RESULTS
The monomer ginsenoside Rg1 can be relatively easily obtained and has therapeutic potentials against AD. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of ginsenoside Rg1 against the drug-controllable risk factors of AD including depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Thus, ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates diseases resulting from AD risk factors by regulating multiple targets and pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Ginsenoside Rg1 has the potentials to prevent AD by alleviating depression, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Ginsenosides; Panax notoginseng; Risk Factors; Obesity
PubMed: 37536646
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116955 -
Chinese Medicine Sep 2023Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the main illnesses afflicting the aged population and has a significant negative impact on society, economy, and health.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the main illnesses afflicting the aged population and has a significant negative impact on society, economy, and health. However, there is presently no appropriate therapeutic treatment of ARHL due to the absence of comprehensive trials.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate and analyze recent statistics on the pathologic classifications, risk factors, treatment strategies, and drug candidates of ARHL, including that from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to provide potential new approaches for preventing and treating ARHL.
METHODS
Literature related to ARHL was conducted in databases such as PubMed, WOS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang from the establishment of the database to Jan, 2023. The pathology, causal factor, pathophysiological mechanism, treatment strategy, and the drug candidate of ARHL were extracted and pooled for synthesis.
RESULTS
Many hypotheses about the etiology of ARHL are based on genetic and environmental elements. Most of the current research on the pathology of ARHL focuses on oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cochlear blood flow, ion homeostasis, etc. In TCM, herbs belonging to the kidney, lung, and liver meridians exhibit good hearing protection. Seven herbs belonging to the kidney meridian, 9 belonging to the lung meridian, and 4 belonging to the liver meridian were ultimately retrieved in this review, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Their active compounds, 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rb1, and puerarin, may act as the molecular substance for their anti-ARHL efficacy, and show anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, or mitochondrial protective effects.
CONCLUSION
Anti-oxidants, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation agents, vasodilators, K channel openers, Ca channel blockers, JNK inhibitors, and nerve growth factors/neurotrophic factors all contribute to hearing protection, and herbs are an important source of potential anti-ARHL drugs.
PubMed: 37730634
DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00825-6 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2023This meta-analysis evaluated the curative effect of the compatibility of and (ARPN) as main components on diabetic nephropathy. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis evaluated the curative effect of the compatibility of and (ARPN) as main components on diabetic nephropathy.
METHODS
We used various Chinese and English databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine Disc (SinoMed), VIP, and Wanfang, to search for randomized controlled trials on the compatibility of and as main components. After data extraction, meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4.0 and Stata 15, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence.
RESULT
A total of 17 studies involving 1342 patients with diabetic nephropathy were included. Compared with the control group, ARPN can significantly improve the clinical effective rate of diabetic nephropathy (OR 5.12, 95% CI 3.42 to 7.66, < 0.00001), and the curative effect of reducing UAER (MD -26.67, 95% CI -31.30 to -22.04, < 0.00001) and 24 h urinary protein (SMD -0.58, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.41, < 0.00001) is also significantly better than that of the control group, and it can also improve the renal function(Scr: MD -13.78, 95% CI -25.39 to -2.17, =0.02; BUN: MD -0.74, 95% CI -1.27 to -0.20, =0.007). In addition, it can also reduce glycosylated hemoglobin (SMD -1.30, 95% CI -2.33 to -0.27, =0.01) and blood lipid(TC: SMD -0.62, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.29, =0.0002; TG: SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.19, =0.0009; LDL: SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.18, =0.0008), and improve the TCM syndrome score (MD -4.87, 95% CI -6.17 to -3.57, < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis suggested that the treatment plan of the control group could be the sources of heterogeneity. All the included studies had no obvious adverse effects.
CONCLUSIONS
The compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix notoginseng as the main components can effectively improve the renal function of patients with diabetic nephropathy and delay the progress of diabetic nephropathy. However, the results of this study need further research to be confirmed because of the uncertainty of the evidence and the suboptimal risk bias.
PubMed: 37101717
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2945234 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020Fatigue, as a complex, multidimensional symptom, is associated with many physical illnesses. C. A. Mey (PG) is an important herbal drug which has been used for...
BACKGROUND
Fatigue, as a complex, multidimensional symptom, is associated with many physical illnesses. C. A. Mey (PG) is an important herbal drug which has been used for benefiting Qi for thousand years. C. A. Mey and its compounds (PGC) possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-fatigue. Here, we conducted a systematic review of both randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and preclinical animal studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of PGC for fatigue.
METHODS
Electronic searches were performed in 7 databases from the time of each database's inception to August 2019. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed using 7-item checklist recommended by Cochrane Collaboration or by the CAMARADES 10-item quality checklist. All the data were analyzed using Rev-Man 5.3 and Stata SE software.
RESULTS
Eight eligible RCTs and 30 animal studies were identified. The risk of bias scores in RCTs ranged from 4/7 to 7/7, and of animal studies varied from 4/10 to 7/10. Meta-analyses showed that PGC was superior to placebo according to their respective fatigue scales, heart rate recovery, and clinical effect (P < 0.05). There were a similar number of adverse effects between PGC and placebo group (P > 0.05). Meta-analyses showed that PGC can significantly decrease level of blood lactate, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, and lactic dehydrogenase in serum, level of malondialdehyde in liver and level of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine in brain tissue, and increase swimming time, level of glutathione peroxidase, glucose, superoxide dismutase in serum, level of glycogen and activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in skeletal muscle, level of hepatic glycogen in liver and level of dopamine, acetylcholine in brain tissue, compared with control (P < 0.05). Meta-analyses showed no significant difference in animal body weight between PGC and control (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The present findings supported, to a certain degree, that PGC can be recommended for routine use in fatigue. The possible mechanism of PGC resists fatigue, mainly through antioxidant stress, regulating carbohydrate metabolism, delaying the accumulation of metabolites, promoting mitochondrial function, neuroprotection, antiapoptosis, and regulating neurotransmitter disorder in central nervous system.
PubMed: 32765262
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01031 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Aug 2023Oxidative stress (OS) is a key factor involved in the initiation and development of chronic diseases. Despite its widespread acceptance as an antioxidant, the effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oxidative stress (OS) is a key factor involved in the initiation and development of chronic diseases. Despite its widespread acceptance as an antioxidant, the effects of ginseng on OS in human clinical trials have not been comprehensively analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize the results of previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the impact of ginseng consumption on OS indicators. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles on the effects of ginseng consumption on oxidative stress markers up to March 20, 2023. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess effect sizes. Twelve RCTs with 15 effect sizes revealed that the effects of ginseng lowered serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: -0.87, -0.08; p = 0.03) and significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.45; p = 0.04), oxidative dismutase (SOD) (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.57; p < 0.0001), glutathione (GSH) (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.61; p = 0.005), and glutathione reductase (GR) (SMD = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.81; p < 0.0001) levels compared to the effects of placebo. However, the effects on serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were not significant. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on intervention duration showed that ginseng consumption increased GPx (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.78; p = 0.039) and CAT (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.21; p = 0.002) levels after more than 4 weeks of intervention. According to the results of this meta-analysis, ginseng supplementation dramatically reduced MDA levels and increased TAC, SOD, GSH, and GR levels. Our results open up a new line of defense against oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Panax; Oxidative Stress; Biomarkers; Glutathione Peroxidase; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37216939
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7893 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021To assess the efficacy and safety of PNS on antiplatelet therapy in the treatment of AIS. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and safety of PNS on antiplatelet therapy in the treatment of AIS.
METHODS
We searched 7 literature databases and 2 clinical studies databases for randomized controlled studies (RCTs) evaluating PNS as an adjuvant therapy for AIS. Relevant studies were retrieved and screened, and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool. Meta-analysis was carried out with the Rev Man 5.4 software.
RESULTS
Of 8267 records identified, 43 RCTs met our inclusion criteria ( = 4170 patients). Patients assigned to PNS with conventional treatments (CTs) had improved functional independence at 90 days compared with those assigned to CTs alone ( = 1.87, 95% = 1.37, to 2.55, < 0.0001). Patients who received PNS combined with CTs showed significantly high improvements in neurological function among individuals with AIS on the neurologic deficit score (NDS) ( = -5.71, 95% = -9.55 to -1.87, =0.004; = -3.94, 95% = -5.65 to -2.23, < 0.00001). The results also showed PNS contributed to a betterment in activities of daily living (ADL) on the Barthel index ( = 4.86, 95% = 2.18, to 7.54, < 0.00001; = 13.92, 95% = 11.46 to 16.38, < 0.00001; = 7.16, 95% = 0.60, to 13.72, < 0.00001). In addition, PNS, compared with CTs alone, could significantly improve overall response rate (ORR) ( = 1.20, 95% = 1.16, to 1.24, < 0.00001; = 1.15, 95% = 1.08, to 1.24, < 0.0001), hemorheological parameters, maximum platelet aggregation rate (MPAR) ( = -6.82, 95% = -9.62 to -4.02, < 0.00001), platelet parameters ( = 4.85, 95% = 1.82 to 7.84, =0.002; = -0.79, 95% = -1.09 to -0.48, < 0.00001), and serum CD62P ( = -0.21, 95% = -0.29 to -0.13, < 0.00001). The incidence of adverse reactions in PNS was lower than that in the control group ( = 0.62, 95% = 0.39 to 0.97, =0.04). Adverse reactions in the PNS were mild adverse reactions.
CONCLUSION
PNS may be effective and safe in treating AIS on ameliorating neurological deficit, improving activities of daily living function, and enhancing antiplatelet effects. However, more high-quality evidence is needed before it can be recommended for routine antiplatelet therapy in patients with AIS.
PubMed: 34335808
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4694076 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Although tremendous research has reported the protective effects of natural compounds in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is still no approved drug. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although tremendous research has reported the protective effects of natural compounds in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is still no approved drug. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of in NAFLD in preclinical studies. A total of 41 studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. The methodological quality was assessed by the risk of bias tool from the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated, and the random effects model was used to examine overall efficacy or heterogeneity. The publication bias was analyzed by Egger's test. The results showed that treatment significantly reduced the systemic levels of alanine aminotransferase (SMD: -2.15 IU/L; < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (SMD: -2.86 IU/L; < 0.0001), triglyceride (SMD: -2.86 mg/dL; < 0.0001), total cholesterol (SMD: -1.69 mg/dL; < 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (SMD: -1.46 mg/dL; < 0.0001), and fasting glucose (SMD: -1.45 mg/dL; < 0.0001) while increasing high-density lipoprotein (SMD: 1.22 mg/dL; = 0.0002) in NAFLD regardless of animal models or species. These findings may suggest that is a promising therapeutic agent for NAFLD treatment.
Topics: Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Panax; Triglycerides; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL
PubMed: 36771427
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030721