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The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2020is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside...
is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1, among others. This review provides an up-to-date overview on the pharmacological roles of constituents in cerebral ischemia. The saponins of induce a variety of pharmacological effects in the multiscale mechanisms of cerebral ischemic pathophysiology, including anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, inhibition of amino acid excitotoxicity, reduction of intracellular calcium overload, protection of mitochondria, repairing the blood-brain barrier, and facilitation of cell regeneration. Regarding cell regeneration, not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, but also protects neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, may treat cerebrovascular diseases through multiple pharmacological effects, and the most critical ones need further investigation.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Cell Self Renewal; Free Radical Scavengers; Ginsenosides; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Panax notoginseng; Phytotherapy; Saponins
PubMed: 32907361
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X20500652 -
Complementary Therapies in Clinical... Aug 2022This systematic review aimed to update the evidence of ginseng on menopausal women's health care. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review aimed to update the evidence of ginseng on menopausal women's health care.
METHODS
We searched six databases (PubMed, AMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, RISS, and KoreaMed) from their inception to April 2022 and included all placebo-controlled RCTs comparing any type of ginseng in menopausal women. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0.
RESULTS
We included 15 RCTs with our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies considered bias a concern. Ginseng reduced menopausal symptoms in three studies (n = 515; standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.73 to -0.07, P = 0.02) and lowed hot flashes (n = 515; SMD: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.01, P = 0.04). The meta-analysis of three other studies failed to show that ginseng was beneficial for sexual function (n = 491; SMD: 0.31, 95% CI: -0.30 to 0.92, P = 0.32). Three RCTs showed positive effects of ginseng on the quality of life score (n = 515, SMD: -0.31, 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.01, P = 0.05). In two studies, ginseng failed to produce significant effects on the vaginal maturation index and vaginal pH. Another three RCTs failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on endometrial thickness.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that ginseng can significantly reduce hot flashes, menopausal symptoms, and quality of life in menopausal women. In contrast, neither KRG nor ginseng appeared to have any direct effect on sexual dysfunction, hormones or biomarkers, or endometrial thickness. More rigorous RCTs are needed to overcome the current limitations.
Topics: Female; Hot Flashes; Humans; Menopause; Panax; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Women's Health
PubMed: 35691259
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101615 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of saponin (PNS) injection, when combined with conventional treatment (CT), for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)....
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of saponin (PNS) injection, when combined with conventional treatment (CT), for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Comprehensive searches were conducted in seven databases from inception until 28 September 2023. The search aimed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on PNS injection in the context of AMI. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and its protocol was registered with PROSPERO (number: CRD42023480131). Twenty RCTs involving 1,881 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that PNS injection, used adjunctively with CT, significantly improved treatment outcomes compared to CT alone, as evidenced by the following points: (1) enhanced total effective rate [OR = 3.09, < 0.05]; (2) decreased incidence of major adverse cardiac events [OR = 0.32, < 0.05]; (3) reduction in myocardial infarct size [MD = -6.53, < 0.05]; (4) lower ST segment elevation amplitude [MD = -0.48, < 0.05]; (5) mitigated myocardial injury as indicated by decreased levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes [MD = -11.19, < 0.05], cardiac troponin T [MD = -3.01, < 0.05], and cardiac troponin I [MD = -10.72, < 0.05]; (6) enhanced cardiac function, reflected in improved brain natriuretic peptide [MD = -91.57, < 0.05], left ventricular ejection fraction [MD = 5.91, < 0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [MD = -3.08, < 0.05], and cardiac output [MD = 0.53, < 0.05]; (7) reduced inflammatory response, as shown by lower levels of C-reactive protein [MD = -2.99, < 0.05], tumor necrosis factor-α [MD = -6.47, < 0.05], interleukin-6 [MD = -24.46, < 0.05], and pentraxin-3 [MD = -2.26, < 0.05]; (8) improved vascular endothelial function, demonstrated by decreased endothelin-1 [MD = -20.56, < 0.05] and increased nitric oxide [MD = 1.33, < 0.05]; (9) alleviated oxidative stress, evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase levels [MD = 25.84, < 0.05]; (10) no significant difference in adverse events [OR = 1.00, = 1.00]. This study highlighted the efficacy and safety of adjunctive PNS injections in enhancing AMI patient outcomes beyond CT alone. Future RCTs need to solidify these findings through rigorous methods. : (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), identifier (CRD42023480131).
PubMed: 38576488
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353662 -
Medicine Jul 2022Ginseng has been believed to provide energy, physical health, and well-being to patients for hundreds of years. Fatigue is a multidimensional symptom with unknown... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Ginseng has been believed to provide energy, physical health, and well-being to patients for hundreds of years. Fatigue is a multidimensional symptom with unknown etiology and varying severity, and lots of patients suffer from fatigue.
METHODS
We search for research of ginseng treatment of disease-related fatigue in adult patients in Pubmed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane library. Two independent reviewers assessed included studies and met to develop consensus on included studies. And we used Review Manager 5.3 software to evaluate the risk of bias.
RESULTS
The present meta-analysis included 12 randomized controlled trial containing 1298 patients. In the fixed-effect meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trial, ginseng supplements had a statistically significant efficacy on disease-related fatigue reduction (standardized mean difference = 0.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.44-0.22).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of ginseng supplements is benefit for patients to reduce disease-related fatigue.
Topics: Adult; Dietary Supplements; Fatigue; Humans; Panax; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35776997
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029767 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Feb 2023Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbs in the world for the treatment of various diseases, and ginsenoside is the representative bioactive component in ginseng.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbs in the world for the treatment of various diseases, and ginsenoside is the representative bioactive component in ginseng. There have been many in vivo studies on ginsenoside for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common diabetic microvascular complication and the main cause of diabetic morbidity and mortality.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ginsenosides on DN by preclinical evidence and meta-analysis. Meanwhile, the main possible action mechanisms of ginsenosides against DN were also summarized.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, WOS, Embase, Cochrane, WanFang, Cqvip, CNKI and CBM databases from January 1, 2000, to November 15, 2021, to evaluate the animal experiments of ginsenosides for the treatment of DN. Finally, 30 animal experiments were included. Twelve outcome measures, including renal function indicators (24-h urine protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, uric acid, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio), oxidative stress biomarkers (GPX, MDA, SOD), inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) were obtained by using RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The results showed that except for no significant difference in CCr, other indicators such as 24h UP, SCr, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and UACR were significantly decreased. It showed that ginsenoside could improve renal function in diabetes. Meanwhile ginsenoside significantly up-regulated antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPX, down-regulated MDA and inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, indicating that ginsenoside may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
CONCLUSION
Ginsenoside can protect against the renal failure in diabetes through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-renal fibrosis, anti-apoptosis/pyroptosis, regulation of blood glucose/lipid metabolism, etc. Which provides preclinical evidence for the application of ginsenoside in the treatment of DN.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Creatinine; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Ginsenosides; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Panax; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Uric Acid
PubMed: 36341813
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115860 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Tobacco ( L.) is a major industrial crop that has being cultivated for centuries for the manufacturing of cigarettes, cigars, and other smoking products. Due to its... (Review)
Review
Tobacco ( L.) is a major industrial crop that has being cultivated for centuries for the manufacturing of cigarettes, cigars, and other smoking products. Due to its negative effects on both human health and the environment, the European Union has adopted strict policies that aspire to reduce the consumption of tobacco. Herbal cigarettes are alternative smoking products that are often advertised as healthier than conventional tobacco cigarettes and are especially popular in Asian markets. Even though the available literature suggests that they are equally detrimental to human health, the introduction of tobacco-alternative crops (TACs) to the European tobacco industry could smoothen the abandonment of tobacco, and eventually smoking products altogether, in the EU. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile a list of possible TACs that could be incorporated in the European smoking industry, and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. The most dominant crops in the literature (and in the existing market products) were calendula ( L.), mullein ( L.), ginseng ( C.A.Mey.), tea ( (L.) Kuntze), chamomile ( L.), and mentha ( spp.). Even though these crops are promising, further research is required for their incorporation in the European tobacco industry.
PubMed: 38256796
DOI: 10.3390/plants13020236 -
Die Pharmazie Nov 2019Notoginsenoside R1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from (Burk.) dry roots and rhizomes of F.H. Chen, which has been increasingly used for enhancing...
Notoginsenoside R1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from (Burk.) dry roots and rhizomes of F.H. Chen, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of notoginsenoside R1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Google Scholar and Web of Science, the System for Information on to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of notoginsenoside R1 from and studies regardless of publication language and study design. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibited potent characteristics of neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury properties etc. The cytotoxic effects of notoginsenoside R1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including accumulation of lipopolysac chaired-induced microcirculation, endothelial injury, hypoxia-reoxygenation injury effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the efficacy of notoginsenoside R1.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Ginsenosides; Humans; Panax notoginseng; Plant Roots; Rhizome
PubMed: 31739829
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2019.9534 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2019Ginseng is a widely used ingredient in several traditional Chinese medicine formulation, mainly as a prophylactic and restorative agent. Ginseng's Chinese traditional... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ginseng is a widely used ingredient in several traditional Chinese medicine formulation, mainly as a prophylactic and restorative agent. Ginseng's Chinese traditional formulations have shown protective effects against atherosclerosis, suggesting that ginseng may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To evaluate whether the supplementation with Panax ginseng (PG) has an effect on blood lipid profile in humans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A meta-analysis and a systematic review were conducted to evaluate the effects of PG on blood lipid profile.
RESULTS
A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, from which 10 studies were performed in volunteers with at least one component of metabolic syndrome, 3 in postmenopausal women, 2 in healthy volunteers and 3 with other types of inclusion criteria. The doses employed ranged from 0.2 to 20 g/day (median 3 g/day, 95% CI 1.7, 5.8), while the treatment time ranged from 2 to 12 weeks (median 8 weeks, 95% CI 6, 9). Few studies reported the composition of the PG extract employed. The main ginsenosides reported were Rb1 and Rg1 (content ranging from Rb1 0.023-6.44 mg/g and Rg1 0.028-3.21 mg/g). Significant modification in blood profile was described in 7 studies, in which 5 studies observed a reduction in total cholesterol, 4 in LDL-cholesterol, and 2 in triacylglycerides. The meta-analysis of 10 studies in volunteers with parameters related with metabolic syndrome describes that PG may induce a mean difference compared to a placebo of -2.30 (95% CI -3.79,-0.80) and -1.47 (95% CI -1.90,-1.05) mg/dL per g/day of PG in the levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, with no significant effects in HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerides.
CONCLUSIONS
PG extract may induce an improvement in blood lipid profile mainly by a reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol levels.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Humans; Lipids; Panax; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31315027
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112090 -
Journal of Sports Sciences Nov 2022This review sought to assess the dose-response, i.e., low (<300 mg/day) and high (>300 mg/day), and temporal effects of ginseng, i.e., immediate, short-term (up to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This review sought to assess the dose-response, i.e., low (<300 mg/day) and high (>300 mg/day), and temporal effects of ginseng, i.e., immediate, short-term (up to 4 weeks) and long-term (>4 weeks) in comparison to placebo on physical performance [visual analogue scale (VAS) level, vertical jump(VJ), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), peak power output (PPO)] and physiological measures [VO max, creatine kinase(CK), heart rate(HR)], in athletes and active participants. Search in four databases with English language constraints yielded 492 studies. Fourteen studies were shortlisted through PEDro scale by methodological quality evaluation. Ginseng exhibited significant short-term effect at high dosage for VJ improvement (SMD: -8.17, 95% CI: -16.28 to -0.06, p= 0.05). Ginseng had no effect on VAS (SMD: -0.65, 95% CI: -1.35 to 0.06, p= 0.07), RPE (SMD: -1.11, 95% CI: -2.57 to 0.35, p= 0.14), PPO (SMD: -0.70, 95% CI: -1.78 to 0.38, p= 0.20), HR (SMD: -0.54, 95% CI: -2.05 to 0.96, p= 0.48), CK (SMD: 0.33, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.84, p= 0.21) and VO max (SMD: 0.08, 95% CI: -0.69 to 0.85, p= 0.08).The ginseng supplementation was found to have significant short-term effect at high dose only for VJ in athletic and active participants. Methodologically strong research is warranted to further consolidate these findings.
Topics: Humans; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Panax; Sports; Athletes; Creatine Kinase; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36604650
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2162753 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2023Evidence regarding the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on treating elderly stroke patients is scare and inconsistent. This study investigated the efficacy and...
Evaluation on the Efficacy and Safety of Panax Notoginseng Saponins in the Treatment of Stroke among Elderly People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 206 Randomized Controlled Trials.
BACKGROUND
Evidence regarding the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on treating elderly stroke patients is scare and inconsistent. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of PNS by means of meta-analysis so as to provide an evidence-based reference for the treatment of elderly patients with stroke.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and China Biomedical Database to identify the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning using PNS to treat elderly people with stroke from their inception to first, May 2022. Meta-analysis was used for pool analysis of the included studies, whose quality was assessed via Cochrane Collaboration's RCT risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
Altogether 206 studies published between 1999 and 2022 with a low risk of bias were included, covering 21,759 participants. The results showed that the improved neurological status shown in the intervention group with PNS alone was statistically significant (SMD = -0.826, 95% CI: -0.946 to -0.707) in contrast to the control group. The total clinical efficacy (Relative risk (RR) = 1.197, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.165 to 1.229) and daily living activities (SMD = 1.675, 95% C: 1.218 to 2.133) of elderly stroke patients were significantly improved as well. In addition, the invention group using PNS combined with WM/TAU displayed significant improvement in neurological status (SMD = -1.142, 95% CI: -1.295 to -0.990) and the total clinical efficacy (RR = 1.191, 95% CI: 1.165 to 1.217) compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION
Single PNS intervention or PNS combined with WM/TAU significantly improves the neurological status, the overall clinical efficacy and daily living activities of elderly stroke patients. However, more multicenter RCT research with high quality is required in the future to verify the results in this study. The trial registration number: Inplasy protocol 202330042. doi:10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0042.
PubMed: 37181679
DOI: 10.1155/2023/4312489