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JNCI Cancer Spectrum Jan 2024Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death globally. Recent clinical trials suggest an emerging role for HER2 as a potential clinically... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death globally. Recent clinical trials suggest an emerging role for HER2 as a potential clinically relevant biomarker in CRC. Testing for HER2 in CRC is not standard practice; consequently, the prevalence of HER2 positivity (HER2+) in patients with CRC remains uncertain.
METHODS
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to generate estimates of proportions of patients with CRC with HER2 overexpression or HER2 amplification and HER2+ (either overexpression or amplification), overall and in patients with rat sarcoma virus (RAS) wild-type cancer. HER2+ was defined as 1) immunohistochemistry with a score of 3+, 2) immunohistochemistry with a score of 2+ and in situ hybridization+, or 3) next-generation sequencing positive.
RESULTS
Of 224 studies identified with information on HER2 in CRC, 52 studies used a US Food and Drug Administration-approved assay and were selected for further analysis. Estimated HER2+ rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.4% to 5.0%) overall (n = 17 589). HER2+ rates were statistically higher in RAS wild-type (6.1%, 95% CI = 5.4% to 6.9%) vs RAS mutant CRC (1.1%, 95% CI = 0.3% to 4.4%; P < .0001). Despite limited clinical information, we confirmed enrichment of HER2+ CRC in patients with microsatellite stable and left-sided CRC.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis provides an estimate of HER2+ CRC and confirms enrichment of HER2 in microsatellite stable, left-sided, RAS wild-type CRC tumors. Our work is important given the recently described clinical efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies in HER2+ CRC and informs strategies for incorporation of HER2 testing into standard of care.
Topics: United States; Humans; Receptor, ErbB-2; Biomarkers, Tumor; Treatment Outcome; Immunohistochemistry; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37815820
DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad082 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023This study aimed to systematically review research findings regarding the relationship between adult friendship and wellbeing. A multidimensional scope for wellbeing and...
This study aimed to systematically review research findings regarding the relationship between adult friendship and wellbeing. A multidimensional scope for wellbeing and its components with the use of the PERMA theory was adopted. A total of 38 research articles published between 2000 and 2019 were reviewed. In general, adult friendship was found to predict or at least be positively correlated with wellbeing and its components. In particular, the results showed that friendship quality and socializing with friends predict wellbeing levels. In addition, number of friends, their reactions to their friend's attempts of capitalizing positive events, support of friend's autonomy, and efforts to maintain friendship are positively correlated with wellbeing. Efforts to maintain the friendship, friendship quality, personal sense of uniqueness, perceived mattering, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and subjective vitality mediated this relationship. However, research findings highlighted several gaps and limitations of the existing literature on the relationship between adult friendship and wellbeing components. For example, for particular wellbeing components, findings were non-existent, sparse, contradictory, fragmentary, or for specific populations only. Implications of this review for planning and implementing positive friendship interventions in several contexts, such as school, work, counseling, and society, are discussed.
PubMed: 36760434
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059057 -
Cancers May 2023The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. Many guidelines recommend initiating screening at 45 years. This study investigated the detection... (Review)
Review
Performance of the Fecal Immunochemical Test in Detecting Advanced Colorectal Neoplasms and Colorectal Cancers in People Aged 40-49 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND
The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing. Many guidelines recommend initiating screening at 45 years. This study investigated the detection rate of advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACRN) by using fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) in individuals aged 40-49 years.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to May 2022. The primary outcomes were the detection rates and positive predictive values of FITs for ACRN and CRC in people aged 40-49 (younger age group) and ≥50 years (average risk group).
RESULTS
Ten studies with 664,159 FITs were included. The FIT positivity rate was 4.9% and 7.3% for the younger age and average risk groups, respectively. Younger individuals with positive FIT results had significantly higher risks of ACRN (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-3.73) or CRC (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.59-5.13) than did individuals in the average-risk group, regardless of FIT results. Individuals aged 45-49 years with positive FIT results had a similar risk of ACRN (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.49-1.29) to that of people aged 50-59 years with positive FIT results, although significant heterogeneity was observed. The positive predictive values of the FIT were 10-28.1% for ACRN and 2.7-6.8% for CRC in the younger age group.
CONCLUSION
The detection rate of ACRN and CRC based on FITs in individuals aged 40-49 years is acceptable, and the yield of ACRN might be similar between individuals aged 45-49 and 50-59 years. Further prospective cohort and cost-effective analysis are warranted.
PubMed: 37296969
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113006 -
Cureus Mar 2022During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, India accounted for 10-50% of cases reported across the world. Perinatal care from a developing country during this period has its own... (Review)
Review
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, India accounted for 10-50% of cases reported across the world. Perinatal care from a developing country during this period has its own importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the health outcome of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers in India from the published literature by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles reporting neonates born from SARS-CoV-2 confirmed mothers in India, published in PubMed, Scopus®, and Embase® databases, were analyzed. After registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), the study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcomes were the mode of delivery, perinatal asphyxia, preterm birth, breastfeeding, neonatal mortality, SARS-CoV-2 infectivity among neonates of SARS-CoV-2 mothers. The pooled rate was expressed with a 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity and study level effect size were assessed using I² statistics and DerSimonian and Laird random effect method of meta-analysis. Data analysis was made by Stata 15.1 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA). Total 3,551 neonates born from 3,542 SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were included from 14 studies (four prospective and 10 retrospective studies). The pooled rates of premature birth, Caesarean delivery, breastfeeding, and neonatal mortality were 18.89%, 55.89%, 67.79%, respectively, with 12.64/1000 live births. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 5.28%; 11.76% were symptomatic, and five (1.7%) died from 281 SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates. There was an increase in the number of Caesarean delivery, premature birth, and lower mortality among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers compared to the Indian neonatal database. Around five percent of neonates delivered to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were infected, and the majority of them had good clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 35411267
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22958 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Apr 2022The majority of sleep research has focused on deleterious health outcomes, with little attention to positive sequels. A systematic review of the literature regarding... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The majority of sleep research has focused on deleterious health outcomes, with little attention to positive sequels. A systematic review of the literature regarding sleep duration and/or sleep quality in relation to mental toughness and resilience amongst non-clinical, healthy populations was completed. Eight databases and selected sources for grey literature were searched from their inception to April 2021. A total of 1925 unique records (1898 from the database search and 27 from grey sources) were identified and screened against the pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 68 studies were eligible and 63 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated a weak, positive correlation between sleep duration and resilience (r = 0.11, p < 0.001), and sleep quality (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). The pooled correlation was slightly attenuated for prospective studies pertaining to sleep quality and resilience (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). We found evidence of high publication bias for studies that explored the relationship between sleep quality and resilience. Sleep and resilience are positively correlated but additional research is needed to verify the direct relationship through carefully designed, prospective studies that capture both subjective and objective sleep estimates. For a more comprehensive understanding, complementary reviews that explore the sleep-resilience association are needed for clinical populations, and those who have suffered extreme hardship.
Topics: Health Status; Humans; Prospective Studies; Sleep; Sleep Quality; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 35462348
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101593 -
Neurosurgical Review Jul 2023While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current standard imaging method for diagnosing and localizing corticotropinomas in Cushing disease, it can fail to detect... (Review)
Review
While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current standard imaging method for diagnosing and localizing corticotropinomas in Cushing disease, it can fail to detect adenomas in up to 40% of cases. Recently, positron emission tomography (PET) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool to detect pituitary adenomas in Cushing disease. We perform a scoping review to characterize the uses of PET in diagnosing Cushing disease, with a focus on describing the types of PET investigated and defining PET-positive disease. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Thirty-one studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria, consisting of 10 prospective studies, 8 retrospective studies, 11 case reports, and 2 illustrative cases with a total of 262 patients identified. The most commonly utilized PET modalities in prospective/retrospective studies were FDG PET (n = 5), MET PET (n = 5), 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET (n = 2), 13N-ammonia PET (n = 2), and 68 Ga-DOTA-CRH PET (n = 2). MRI positivity ranged from 13 to 100%, while PET positivity ranged from 36 to 100%. In MRI-negative disease, PET positivity ranged from 0 to 100%. Five studies reported the sensitivity and specificity of PET, which ranged from 36 to 100% and 50 to 100%, respectively. PET shows promise in detecting corticotropinomas in Cushing disease, including MRI-negative disease. MET PET has been highly investigated and has demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity. However, preliminary studies with FET PET and 68 Ga-DOTA-CRH PET show promise for achieving high sensitivity and specificity and warrant further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion; Nitrogen Radioisotopes; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37393399
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02077-2 -
Critical Care (London, England) May 2021Mortality and other clinical outcomes between culture-negative and culture-positive septic patients have been documented inconsistently and are very controversial. A... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Mortality and other clinical outcomes between culture-negative and culture-positive septic patients have been documented inconsistently and are very controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of culture-negative and culture-positive sepsis or septic shock.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for studies from inception to the 1st of January 2021. We included studies involving patients with sepsis or septic shock. All authors reported our primary outcome of all-cause mortality and clearly compared culture-negative versus culture-positive patients with clinically relevant secondary outcomes (ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, mechanical ventilation requirements, mechanical ventilation duration and renal replacement requirements). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Seven studies including 22,655 patients were included. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the all-cause mortality between two groups (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.01; P = 0.12; Chi- = 30.71; I = 80%). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in the ICU length of stay (MD = - 0.19;95% CI, - 0.42 to 0.04; P = 0.10;Chi- = 5.73; I = 48%), mechanical ventilation requirements (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.11; P = 0.61; Chi = 6.32; I = 53%) and renal replacement requirements (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.01; P = 0.06; Chi- = 1.21; I = 0%) between two groups. The hospital length of stay of culture-positive group was longer than that of the culture-negative group (MD = - 3.48;95% CI, - 4.34 to - 2.63; P < 0.00001;Chi- = 1.03; I = 0%). The mechanical ventilation duration of culture-positive group was longer than that of the culture-negative group (MD = - 0.64;95% CI, - 0.88 to - 0.4; P < 0.00001;Chi- = 4.86; I = 38%).
CONCLUSIONS
Culture positivity or negativity was not associated with mortality of sepsis or septic shock patients. Furthermore, culture-positive septic patients had similar ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation requirements and renal replacement requirements as those culture-negative patients. The hospital length of stay and mechanical ventilation duration of culture-positive septic patients were both longer than that of the culture-negative patients. Further large-scale studies are still required to confirm these results.
Topics: Blood Culture; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 33964934
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03592-8 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jul 2022Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor and occurs rarely in males. This study aimed to review all the cases of AAM in men in the English literature up... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor and occurs rarely in males. This study aimed to review all the cases of AAM in men in the English literature up to September 2020 and investigate the clinical, histochemical, and radiological characteristics of AAM and discuss the best treatment choices according to available data.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases up to September 2020 was performed looking for reported cases of male patients with AAM. The search excluded articles in languages other than English, reported female cases, and superficial angiomyxoma cases.
RESULTS
Among the 97 patients, the mean age was 48.2 years with an incidence peak between 40 and 60 years. The sites commonly involved were the scrotum (42.3%). On ultrasound, the tumor was hypoechoic (85.7%) with a well-defined margin (100%), whereas on MRI, most cases were isointense on T1-weighted images (53.8%), and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (85.7%). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor tended to be positive for vimentin (100%), CD34 (63.4%), ER (50%), and PR (53.3%) while S-100 showed 91% negativity. Wide and complete surgical excision was conducted in most cases (72%), and follow-up duration ranged from 1 month to 144 months with a recurrence rate of 11.8%.
CONCLUSION
Although the occurrence of AAM is rare in men, consideration should be taken in the differential diagnosis of a mass in the genitourinary region. According to our review, the most decisive immunohistochemistry profile is the positivity of Vimentin and CD34 with the negativity of S-100. Although hormonal treatment is controversial, we suggest a novel algorithm for the management of aggressive angiomyxoma.
PubMed: 35860056
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103880 -
Oncology Letters Sep 2023Although the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor combined with chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone has...
Efficacy and safety of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric or gastro‑esophageal junction cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.
Although the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor combined with chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone has been analyzed, there have been no in-depth studies on the outcomes of patients with PD-L1 positive advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer patients (GC/GEJC). This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on comparing the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors vs. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy in PD-L1 positive advanced GC/GEJC patients, aiming to provide more precise guidance for the clinical treatment of GC/GEJC. In this meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment of the database till June 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which control patients underwent chemotherapy and experimental group patients underwent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy were included in this investigation. Investigations without complete information, studies from which information could not be extracted, duplicate articles, animal studies, review articles, and systematic reviews were excluded. The pooled results suggested that chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced GC/GEJC, while progression free-survival (PFS) with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy were all improved compared with chemotherapy alone. However, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors did not significantly increase objective response rates (ORR) in PD-L1-positive patients compared with chemotherapy, but in combination with chemotherapy, they did improve ORR. The pooled results also showed that patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had higher stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) rates compared to chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive patients. Additionally, in PD-L1-positive patients, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or combined with chemotherapy increased OS compared with chemotherapy alone. However, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors only prolonged PFS compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with a combined positive score (CPS; 100% of cells were required to be positively stained) for PD-L1, but when combined with chemotherapy, OS and PFS were prolonged in all PD-L1-positive patients compared with chemotherapy alone. Finally, the pooled results showed that the incidence of adverse events of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in PD-L1-zpositive patients was significantly lower than that in patients treated with chemotherapy alone. In conclusion, single agent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone or combined with chemotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of patients compared with chemotherapy alone, with fewer adverse effects. However, the degree of CPS may affect efficacy, thus further investigation is required.
PubMed: 37564826
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13960 -
Developmental Psychobiology Mar 2023Oxytocin (OT) plays a pivotal role in early parent-child relationship formation and bonding that is critical for the social, cognitive, and emotional development of the... (Review)
Review
Oxytocin (OT) plays a pivotal role in early parent-child relationship formation and bonding that is critical for the social, cognitive, and emotional development of the child. Therefore, this systematic review aims to consolidate all available evidence regarding the associations of parental OT concentration levels with parenting behavior and bonding within the past 20 years. A systematic search was conducted in five databases from 2002 to May 2022, and 33 studies were finalized and included. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, findings were presented narratively based on the type of OT and parenting outcomes. Current evidence strongly suggests that parental OT levels are positively related to parental touch and parental gaze and affect synchrony and observer-coded parent-infant bonding. No gender difference in OT levels was observed between fathers and mothers, but OT strengthens affectionate parenting in mothers and stimulatory parenting in fathers. Child OT levels were also positively associated with parental OT levels. Family and healthcare providers could encourage more positive touch and interactive play between parent and child to strengthen parent-child relationships.
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Parenting; Oxytocin; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Mothers
PubMed: 36811366
DOI: 10.1002/dev.22359