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Nutrition and Cancer 2022Emerging researches has evaluated whether fruit and vegetable consumption reduce the risk of prostate cancer. However, the conclusions of published articles remained... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Emerging researches has evaluated whether fruit and vegetable consumption reduce the risk of prostate cancer. However, the conclusions of published articles remained confusing. Thus, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm the relationship of fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of prostate cancer.
METHOD
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to September 1, 2020. We finally included 17 cohort studies related to fruit or vegetable intake after rigid quality assessment and checking references of the retrieved articles and relevant reviews. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was adopted to assess the quality of studies and random effect model with RR and 95% CI were used to assess the risk.
RESULTS
No significant relationship was found between fruit consumption (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.94-1.05) and vegetable consumption (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94-1.02) and the risk of prostate cancer. No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was identified.
CONCLUSION
Our updated meta-analysis demonstrated that fruit and vegetable consumption can barely reduce the risk of prostate cancer with several limitations. Further clinical and basic researches are eagerly awaited to confirm our results and clarify the potential biological mechanisms.
Topics: Diet; Feeding Behavior; Fruit; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Vegetables
PubMed: 34286657
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952445 -
Toxicology and Industrial Health Nov 2022Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most common hormone-sensitive neoplasm among men and the fifth cause of death due to malignancy in developed countries. Moreover,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most common hormone-sensitive neoplasm among men and the fifth cause of death due to malignancy in developed countries. Moreover, studies have shown the links between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hormone-related cancers such as prostate cancer. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the potential relationship between the PCBs and developing PCa. In this meta-analysis study, the relevant databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were studied for English research. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to evaluate the quality of the selected publications. The GRADE method was used to assess the risk of bias studies. After reviewing the relevant studies, a cohort and seven case-control studies entered the meta-analysis. These articles were published during 2003-2021 with 2989 participants and 1212 PCa cases. The heterogeneity among the studies was significant ( = 0.001, I = 70.61). Using a random-effects model, the association between the serum and plasma levels of PCBs and the risk of PCa was not shown to be significant (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.90-1.39). The results of Egger's test showed no trace of publication bias in the studies (P of bias = 0.573). This systematic review and meta-analysis was presented based on relatively strong evidence and has confirmed negatively significant associations between PCa risk and some PCBs congeners (PCB 44, 52, and 101). This study does not provide strong evidence that total PCB exposure is a risk factor for PCa development in humans.
Topics: Male; Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Risk Factors; Cohort Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Hormones
PubMed: 36167526
DOI: 10.1177/07482337221129162 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Jul 2022The purpose of this systematic review and synthesis of studies reporting qualitative data was to understand the gendered experiences of female partners of prostate... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this systematic review and synthesis of studies reporting qualitative data was to understand the gendered experiences of female partners of prostate cancer survivors to inform psychosocial support for women. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Sociological Abstracts for articles on 15 and 16 April 2019, and again on 30 November 2020. English language articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included if they reported solely on findings describing the perspectives of the female partners. Extracted data were analysed using line-by-line coding, organisation of codes into descriptive themes, and development of analytical themes. A theoretical framework was then selected to organise the relationships between issues that were found to be central to the experiences of female partners. Of 4839 articles screened, 14 met inclusion criteria, reporting 13 studies with a total sample of 359 female partners. Ussher and Sandoval's theory to describe the gendered positionings of cancer caregivers accommodated the thematic findings. The overarching theme reflected the substantive psychosocial impact of prostate cancer on female partners. Women's experiences were influenced by self-positioning (as part of a couple; provider of support to their male partner; resilient; and guided by faith and spirituality), being positioned by their partners' response (manager of male partner's psychological distress or strengthened by male partner's positive response) and by their broader contexts (family members and social networks; clinicians and the health system; and cultural values and customs). Findings highlight the need to avoid reductionist approaches to gender. Greater consideration of 'contextualised femininities', or conceptualising the influence of gender roles, relations, and identities within the wider life course contexts of female partners is required in the design and delivery of psychosocial support services.
Topics: Cancer Survivors; Family; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 34761456
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13644 -
Minerva Urologica E Nefrologica = the... Oct 2020The aim of this review was to summarize the available evidence on the role of metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) and/or prostate-targeted therapy (PTT) in the setting of...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this review was to summarize the available evidence on the role of metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) and/or prostate-targeted therapy (PTT) in the setting of oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa).
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We searched PubMed, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. The following keywords were used: ("prostate cancer" OR "prostate carcinoma" OR "prostate neoplasm" OR "prostate tumor") AND ("oligometastatic" OR "oligometastasis" OR "PSMA") AND ("surgery" OR "prostatectomy" OR "radical prostatectomy" OR "cytoreductive" OR "local treatment" OR "radiotherapy" OR "stereotactic" OR "stereotaxic") AND ("survival" OR "mortality").
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
After evaluating the selection criteria, 81 studies were evaluated for our endpoints. We included 22 studies for PTT of synchronous mPCa. There have been no randomized studies on cytoreductive prostatectomy (cRP). Four prospective studies showed that cRP was feasible but did not contribute to a positive effect on overall survival (OS). Regarding PTT-radiotherapy, two randomized controlled phase 3 trials showed that OS was improved in men with a low metastatic burden. Regarding MDT of metachronous lymph node recurrence, we included 29 retrospective studies. For MDT of oligometastases, we included 30 studies. One randomized phase 2 trial showed that androgen deprivation therapy-free survival improved with stereotactic body radiation therapy compared to that with surveillance; however, benefits on OS remain unclear.
CONCLUSIONS
We performed a comprehensive overview of the current literature on MDT and PTT. The feasibility of MDT and PTT is supported by several retrospective studies. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of high-quality trials to prove its survival benefits. Results from ongoing prospective trials data are awaited.
Topics: Humans; Male; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32550632
DOI: 10.23736/S0393-2249.20.03779-0 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death for men worldwide. The development of resistance, toxicity, and side effects of conventional therapies have made... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death for men worldwide. The development of resistance, toxicity, and side effects of conventional therapies have made prostate cancer treatment become more intensive and aggressive. Many phytochemicals isolated from plants have shown to be tumor cytotoxic. In vitro laboratory studies have revealed that natural compounds can affect cancer cell proliferation by modulating many crucial cellular signaling pathways frequently dysregulated in prostate cancer. A multitude of natural compounds have been found to induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, and suppress angiogenesis. In addition, combinatorial use of natural compounds with hormone and/or chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect in a less toxic manner, as suggested by pre-clinical studies. In this context, we systematically reviewed the currently available literature of naturally occurring compounds isolated from vegetables, fruits, teas, and herbs, with their relevant mechanisms of action in prostate cancer. As there is increasing data on how phytochemicals interfere with diverse molecular pathways in prostate cancer, this review discusses and emphasizes the implicated molecular pathways of cell proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and autophagy as important processes that control tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In conclusion, the elucidation of the natural compounds' chemical structure-based anti-cancer mechanisms will facilitate drug development and the optimization of drug combinations. Phytochemicals, as anti-cancer agents in the treatment of prostate cancer, can have significant health benefits for humans.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Hormones; Humans; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Phytochemicals; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 36139145
DOI: 10.3390/biom12091306 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2023Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a highly expressed protein in prostate cancer (PCa) and has become an increasingly popular target for molecular imaging in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Histopathologically Validated Diagnostic Accuracy of PSMA-PET/CT in the Primary and Secondary Staging of Prostate Cancer and the Impact of PSMA-PET/CT on Clinical Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a highly expressed protein in prostate cancer (PCa) and has become an increasingly popular target for molecular imaging in recent years. PSMA based positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a well characterised hybrid imaging modality that combines the high sensitivity of PET with the high spatial resolution of CT imaging. The combination of these two imaging modalities provides an accurate tool for detecting and managing PCa. Several diagnostic accuracy and clinical management studies investigating the role of PSMA PET/CT in PCa have been published recently. This study aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PSMA PET/CT in localised, lymph node metastatic (LNM) and recurrent PCa patients and assess its impact on the clinical management of primary and recurrent PCa. Using Medline, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of PSMA PET/CT were analysed based on the PRISMA guidelines. Statistical analyses were conducted using random-effects models, and meta-regression explored observed heterogeneity. Results indicate that the sensitivity and specificity of PSMA PET/CT for localised PCa were 71.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 58.0, 81.0) and 92.0% (95% CI: 86.0, 96.0), respectively (N = 10; n = 404 patients). Sensitivity and specificity in LNM were 57.0% (95% CI: 49.0, 64.0) and 96.0% (95% CI: 95.0, 97.0) (N = 36; n = 3,659 patients). For patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR), sensitivity was 84.0% (95% CI: 74.0, 90.0), and specificity was 97.0% (95% CI: 88.0, 99.0) (N = 9; n = 818 patients). The pooled proportion of management changes in primary (N = 16; n = 1,099 patients) and recurrent (N = 40; n = 5,398 patients) PCa was 28.0% (95% CI: 23.0, 34.0) and 54.0% (95% CI: 50.0, 58.0), respectively. In conclusion, PSMA PET/CT shows moderate sensitivity and high specificity in localised and LNM disease, while the accuracy in BCR patients was high. PSMA PET/CT also had a large impact on the clinical management of PCa patients. This is the most extensive and first systematic review to include three subgroups of PCa with histologically verified diagnostic accuracy and clinical management change reported separately in primary and recurrent disease settings.
Topics: Male; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Gallium Radioisotopes; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 37005145
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.006 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Dec 2023The current clinical recommendations posit the deployment of specific approved radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-ligand positron emission tomography (PSMA... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The diagnostic accuracy of radiolabeled PSMA-ligand PET for tumour staging in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients compared to histopathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
The current clinical recommendations posit the deployment of specific approved radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-ligand positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) for detecting metastatic prostate cancer during primary staging. Nevertheless, the precise efficacy of such ligands in localizing intraprostatic tumours (index tumour) and T-staging is not well established. Consequently, the objective of this inquiry is to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of PSMA-PET in the tumour staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer by means of a meta-analysis that integrates studies utilizing histological confirmation as the reference standard.
METHODS
In this study, we conducted a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases using a predefined collection of search terms. These terms included 'PSMA PET', 'primary staging', and 'prostate cancer'. Subsequently, two independent reviewers evaluated all the studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria, extracted pertinent data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Any disparities were resolved by a third reviewer. A random effects Sidik-Jonkman model was applied to conduct a meta-analysis and estimate the diagnostic accuracy on a per-patient basis, along with 95% confidence intervals. Moreover, an appraisal regarding the likelihood of publication bias and the impact of small-study effects was performed utilizing both Egger's test and a graphical examination of the funnel plot.
RESULTS
The present analysis comprised a total of twenty-three scientific papers encompassing 969 patients and involved their analysis by both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results of this study demonstrated that the estimated diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT and PSMA PET/MRI, for the detection of intraprostatic tumours, regardless of the type of PSMA-ligand, was 86% (95% CI: 76-96%) and 97% (95% CI: 94-100%), respectively. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of extraprostatic extension (EPE) was 73% (95% CI: 64-82%) and 77% (95% CI: 69-85%), while the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of seminal vesicle involvement (SVI) was 87% (95% CI: 80-93) and 90% (95% CI: 82-99%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The present investigation has demonstrated that PSMA PET/MRI surpasses currently recommended multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in terms of diagnostic accuracy as inferred from a notable data trajectory, whereas PSMA-PET/CT exhibited comparable diagnostic accuracy for intraprostatic tumour detection and T-staging compared to mpMRI. Nevertheless, the analysis has identified certain potential limitations, such as small-study effects and a potential for publication bias, which may impact the overall conclusions drawn from this study.
Topics: Male; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Neoplasm Staging; Ligands; Gallium Radioisotopes; Prostatic Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37597010
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06392-0 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2023Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 14 treatments including a total of 10 dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. Material and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 14 treatments including a total of 10 dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. Material and methods: we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of these 10 antioxidants on the risk of getting prostate cancer. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Data extraction: studies were appraised by two investigators and data were extracted. Using a surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probability, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relative ranking of agents. Results: from the earliest accessible date through August 2022, RCTs were gathered. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included with a total sample size of 73,365 males. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that green tea catechins (GTCs) significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer (SUCRA, 88.6 %) followed by vitamin D (SUCRA, 55.1 %), vitamin B6 (54.1 %), and folic acid was the lowest (22.0 %). Conclusion: based on the Ranking Plot of the Network, we can state that GTCs might have an impact on the prevention of prostate cancer compared to other dietary antioxidants, but we still need quality literature to further prove it.
Topics: Male; Humans; Antioxidants; Network Meta-Analysis; Vitamins; Folic Acid; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37154035
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04558 -
European Urology Oncology Dec 2023It is unclear whether a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted transperineal (TP) biopsy can improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Is There an Impact of Transperineal Versus Transrectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging-targeted Biopsy in Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Detection Rate? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
CONTEXT
It is unclear whether a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted transperineal (TP) biopsy can improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the MRI-targeted TP and transrectal (TR) approaches for csPCa detection.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
A literature search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify reports published until February 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed to identify eligible studies. The primary outcome was the detection of csPCa (Gleason grade group ≥2). Sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate csPCa detection rates according to tumor location, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score, and type of fusion (cognitive or software based).
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria, and data from 3522 and 5140 patients who underwent, respectively, TR and TP MRI-targeted biopsies were reviewed. No statistically significant difference in the detection of csPCa was observed between the TR and TP approaches (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.25; p = 0.1). When stratifying patients according to lesion location, the TP approach was associated with higher csPCa detection in case of anterior (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.46-3.22; p < 0.001) and apical (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.14-3.03; p = 0.01) lesions. In the subgroup analysis based on PI-RADS score, the TP approach was associated with higher csPCa detection (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.07-2.29; p = 0.02) in PI-RADS 4 lesions. Conversely, no difference was found in PI-RADS 3 and 5 lesions (p > 0.05). The main limitation was the retrospective design of most included studies.
CONCLUSIONS
No significant association was found between the prostate biopsy approach and csPCa detection rate when we considered all biopsy indications. The TP approach provides a detection advantage in anterior and apical tumors, arguing for a preferred use of the TP approach in these lesion locations.
PATIENT SUMMARY
The transperineal magnetic resonance imaging-targeted prostate biopsy approach appears to be more effective only for selected lesions. No clear benefit was seen for the transperineal approach in the overall population.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostate; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Retrospective Studies; Biopsy
PubMed: 37634971
DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.08.001 -
BJU International May 2023To investigate the prevalence of prostate cancer in men attending evaluation for haematuria, as this could help healthcare providers to determine whether men with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of prostate cancer in men attending evaluation for haematuria, as this could help healthcare providers to determine whether men with haematuria should have prostate examinations performed.
METHODS
The study was performed according to a pre-specified protocol uploaded to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022299383). A systematic search of MEDLINE, Ovid and Google Scholar was performed in December 2021. Two independent researchers evaluated all titles, available abstracts, and full texts. We included studies on adult men (aged ≥18 years) describing haematuria and prostate cancer.
RESULTS
We screened 4252 titles and abstracts when available and assessed 350 studies in full text. In total, 65 studies were included and 42 was summarised in a meta-analysis. In total, 18 752 men with haematuria were included, and the pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of prostate cancer was 3.0% (2.0-4.1%). In men with macroscopic haematuria, the pooled prevalence (95% CI) of prostate cancer was 5.9% (2.9-9.9%; n = 265/5373). In men with microscopic haematuria, the pooled prevalence (95% CI) of prostate cancer was 1.4% (0.8-2.2%; n = 71/6642).
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that the prevalence of prostate cancer is considerable in men attending evaluation for haematuria. Therefore, digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen measurement should become a standard procedure for all men with haematuria, especially for men with macroscopic haematuria.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Hematuria; Prevalence; Prostatic Neoplasms; Digital Rectal Examination
PubMed: 36522728
DOI: 10.1111/bju.15950