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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Oct 2022Total hip arthroplasties (THA) are cost-effective interventions for patients with osteoarthritis refractory to physical therapy or medical management. Most individuals...
BACKGROUND
Total hip arthroplasties (THA) are cost-effective interventions for patients with osteoarthritis refractory to physical therapy or medical management. Most individuals report positive surgical outcomes with reduction in pain and improved joint function. Multiple recent studies demonstrated the influence of patient mental health on surgical success. We sought to determine the relationship between patient preoperative psychological factors and postoperative THA outcomes, specifically pain and function.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Reviews databases were queried using terms "(mental OR psychological OR psychiatric) AND (function OR trait OR state OR predictor OR health) AND (outcome OR success OR recovery OR response) AND total joint arthroplasty)." A total of 21 of 1,286 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All studies were analyzed using GRADE and Risk of Bias criteria.
RESULTS
Overall, compared to cohorts with a normal psychological status, patients with higher objective measures of preoperative depression and anxiety reported increased postoperative pain, decreased functionality and greater complications following THA. Additionally, participants with lower self-efficacy or somatization were found to have worse functional outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative depression, anxiety and somatization may negatively impact patient reported postoperative pain, functionality and complications following THA. Surgeons should consider preoperative psychological status when counseling patients regarding expected surgical outcomes.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Pain, Postoperative; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36253795
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03355-3 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Sep 2022Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the muscles of mastication, the temporomandibular joint, and associated structures. They are generally classified as muscular... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the muscles of mastication, the temporomandibular joint, and associated structures. They are generally classified as muscular or articular and are the main cause of pain in the orofacial region, eventually causing psychological problems. However, the real burden of psychological disorders is unknown.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of psychological disorders in patients with TMDs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was conducted through a bibliographic search carried out without initial limit until July 2021 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Clinical observational studies investigating depression and somatization in patients with TMD diagnosed by the Diagnostic Research for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) criteria in muscular, articular, and disc disorders were included. A descriptive analysis of the included studies and a meta-analysis for the prevalence data were performed for the synthesis of evidence.
RESULTS
A total of 2320 studies were found, of which 48 complete articles were assessed for eligibility and 22 were included in the analysis. The general prevalence of depression and moderate and severe somatization in patients diagnosed with TMD was estimated at 43.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 36.0% to 50.0%) and 60.0% (95% CI 52.0 - 67, 0%). The average overall score for depression was estimated at 0.92 (95% CI, 0.69-1.15), being classified as moderate depression. The average overall score for somatization was estimated at 1.09 (95% CI, 0.81-1.36), being classified as severe somatization. All analyses showed high heterogeneity (I>90%). Based on the quality assessment, 80.9% of studies included in the review had low to moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with TMDs who seek clinical care show a high prevalence of depression and somatization.
PubMed: 36114016
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.002 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Feb 2022The association between a low socioeconomic status and poor health, also known as social inequalities in health, has been shown in numerous studies. This also applies to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The association between a low socioeconomic status and poor health, also known as social inequalities in health, has been shown in numerous studies. This also applies to most mental illnesses, such as somatization or anxiety disorders. It is unclear, however, whether social inequalities are evident in health anxiety as well. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis systematically examines social inequalities in health anxiety.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted covering all studies published until August 2021. The databases PubMED, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX were screened to identify quantitative studies using validated tools to measure health anxiety and examining the association with socioeconomic status. Meta-analytic methods were applied by using random-effect models. The study quality was assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool.
RESULTS
Overall, 37 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Effect sizes of 27 studies using screening scales and 10 studies using diagnostic interviews to measure health anxiety were calculated separately. Meta-analyses revealed a significant association between socioeconomic status and health anxiety (r - 0.14, 95%-CI -0.18 to -0.09 (screening scales) and OR 0.63, 95%-CI 0.43 to 0.92 (diagnostic interviews)), indicating a lower risk for health anxiety in people with higher socioeconomic status.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that the health-related disadvantage of socially deprived people is also evident regarding health anxiety. This should be considered in programs to reduce social inequalities in health. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021237550.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 34954602
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110706 -
Annals of Medicine 2023Somatic symptoms related to mental health in medical students are under-researched, with nothing on the topic being published in the United States in over three decades.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Somatic symptoms related to mental health in medical students are under-researched, with nothing on the topic being published in the United States in over three decades. This scoping review is the first of its kind to explore the prevalence, type and severity of somatic symptoms induced by stress, anxiety, depression and burnout amongst medical students, with the objective of describing the significance and breadth of this issue.
METHODS
PRISMA-ScR guidelines were used to guide this review. A comprehensive search was performed of 22 databases, followed by bibliographic and hand searching. Inclusion criteria were published, peer-reviewed articles with a sample of medical students and at least one measure of somatic symptoms related to mental health, in English or with an English-language translation. Excluded were review, companion and editorial articles. Coding was done by an experienced coder trained in systematic review techniques. Two authors reviewed each article.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine articles met inclusion criteria, representing 16 countries, 31 schools/teaching hospitals and 9,887 medical students. The prevalence of somatic symptoms ranged from 5.7 to 80.1%, and somatic symptoms were overwhelmingly found to be significantly correlated with mental ill-health. Somatic symptoms included back pain, neck pain, headaches, sleep disturbances and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Eleven different outcome measures were used, with varying degrees of validity and reliability, which were compared and assessed.
CONCLUSIONS
Somatic symptoms appear strongly correlated with mental ill-health in medical students, and are likely highly prevalent. This review highlights the need for further research on somatic symptoms of mental ill-health in medical students, particularly in the United States, and the addition of larger, multi-institutional cohorts to expand our understanding of prevalence, incidence and inciting factors of somatic symptoms. Longitudinal studies tracking somatic symptoms' effect on career trajectory and professional burnout levels are also needed. Finally, future research should explore interventions for reducing physical symptom burden in medical students.
Topics: Humans; United States; Mental Health; Students, Medical; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Medically Unexplained Symptoms
PubMed: 37552776
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2242781 -
Pediatrics Sep 2021A growing body of research has examined the role of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on child behavior problems. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
A growing body of research has examined the role of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on child behavior problems.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the literature examining the association between maternal ACEs and child behavior problems via a systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
Electronic searches were conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase (1998-June 2020). Reference lists were reviewed. In total, 3048 records were screened.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if an association between maternal ACEs and child externalizing (eg, aggression) and/or internalizing (eg, anxiety) problems was reported. In total, 139 full-text articles were reviewed for inclusion.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data from 16 studies met full inclusion criteria. Studies were synthesized by child externalizing and internalizing outcomes.
RESULTS
Maternal ACEs were significantly associated with child externalizing problems across all studies (number of studies synthesized per outcome [] = 11). Significant associations were also found for inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity ( = 4), and aggression ( = 2). For internalizing problems ( = 11), significant associations were identified across 8 studies and nonsignificant associations were reported for 3 studies. Maternal ACEs were consistently associated with child anxiety and depression ( = 5). However, inconsistent findings were reported for somatization ( = 2).
LIMITATIONS
Results are limited to mother-child dyads and questionnaire measures of behavior problems in primarily North American countries.
CONCLUSIONS
Mothers' ACEs demonstrated largely consistent associations with children's behavior problems. Future research is needed to determine if specific types of maternal ACEs (eg, household dysfunction) are more strongly associated with child behavior problems.
Topics: Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Aggression; Anxiety; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Mothers; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 34413250
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-044131 -
Journal of Pediatric Psychology Mar 2020Pain and other physical symptoms commonly co-occur in childhood. There is debate about the relevance of somatization in understanding pain. The present review critically...
OBJECTIVES
Pain and other physical symptoms commonly co-occur in childhood. There is debate about the relevance of somatization in understanding pain. The present review critically appraised and synthesized the extant literature on the relationship between pediatric pain and somatization.
METHODS
A systematic review (PROSPERO registration #95956) was conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL using search terms related to pain and somatization in children and adolescents. A total of 156 articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. For studies that measured somatization using a symptom questionnaire, descriptions of "somatization" were extracted. Data regarding the relationship between pain and somatization were extracted for studies measuring somatization using a diagnostic category (e.g., Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders [SSRDs]).
RESULTS
While many studies using somatic symptom questionnaires described somatization as having a psychological component, this was not always captured in measurement tools. Pain was reported as a common symptom in patients with an SSRD diagnosis, though rates varied depending on the specific diagnosis and pain location. Rates of SSRD diagnoses among pain patients were less frequent than rates of pain amongst SSRD patients.
CONCLUSIONS
SSRDs and pain commonly co-occur, though rates differ depending on diagnosis and pain location. Understanding the relationship between pain and somatization is complicated by the discrepancy between how somatization is defined and measured in questionnaire studies. A comprehensive and measurable definition of somatization is needed so researchers can better identify the shared and unique contributions of pain and somatization in pediatric populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Somatoform Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32053181
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz102 -
International Journal of Mental Health... 2020Several reviews have found that psychological trauma affects access to health care services, including mental health care, in the general population. People from refugee... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Several reviews have found that psychological trauma affects access to health care services, including mental health care, in the general population. People from refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds are more likely to have a mental illness than the general population, and experience a broad range of barriers and facilitators to service access. However, to date there has been no comprehensive consideration of the potential effect of psychological trauma on access to primary health care within this population.
METHODS
This paper provides a mixed-methods systematic review of literature which included any consideration of the relationship between psychological trauma and access to primary health care. A systematic search of Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library was conducted. Study eligibility criteria were empirical, peer-reviewed studies that considered the relationship between psychological trauma and access to, or use of, primary healthcare in resettlement countries for refugees (including asylum seekers). Papers were required to be written in English and published between 1998 and August 2019. Quality was assessed using the Multi-Methods Appraisal Tool. The search identified a total of 14 eligible studies (11 quantitative and 3 qualitative) which had explored this relationship in refugee and asylum seeker populations.
RESULTS
Overall, synthesis of findings indicated variable results with respect to the impact of psychological trauma on service access. Specifically, the review found that while rates of psychological trauma were high. Key themes were that while general health care access was comparable or greater than the general population, rates of mental healthcare specifically were low. In addition, included papers identified a range of barriers to service access-particularly somatisation, stigma and healthcare provide knowledge about psychological trauma.
CONCLUSIONS
While there is a critical need for more research in this area, the study points to several key recommendations including training of general practitioners in relation to psychological trauma, ensuring culturally responsive services, and the use of interpreters. Finally, due to the levels of somatisation found in some studies, ensuring general practitioners understand the somatic element of psychological trauma-particularly within some groups of people from refugee backgrounds-is important.
PubMed: 32944067
DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00404-4 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Caring for people with COVID-19 on the front line has psychological impacts for healthcare professionals. Despite the important psychological impacts of the pandemic on... (Review)
Review
Caring for people with COVID-19 on the front line has psychological impacts for healthcare professionals. Despite the important psychological impacts of the pandemic on nurses, the qualitative evidence on this topic has not been synthesized. Our objective: To analyze and synthesize qualitative studies that investigate the perceptions of nurses about the psychological impacts of treating hospitalized people with COVID-19 on the front line. A systematic review of qualitative studies published in English or Spanish up to March 2021 was carried out in the following databases: The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), PsycINFO, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and CINHAL. The PRISMA statement and the Cochrane recommendations for qualitative evidence synthesis were followed. Results: The main psychological impacts of caring for people with COVID-19 perceived by nurses working on the front line were fear, anxiety, stress, social isolation, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, and frustration. The fear of infecting family members or being infected was the main repercussion perceived by the nurses. Other negative impacts that this review added and that nurses suffer as the COVID-19 pandemic progress were anger, obsessive thoughts, compulsivity, introversion, apprehension, impotence, alteration of space-time perception, somatization, and feeling of betrayal. Resilience was a coping tool used by nurses. Conclusions: Front line care for people with COVID-19 causes fear, anxiety, stress, social isolation, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, frustration, anger, obsessive thoughts, compulsivity, introversion, apprehension, impotence, alteration of space-time perception, somatization, and feeling of betrayal in nurses. It is necessary to provide front line nurses with the necessary support to reduce the psychological impact derived from caring for people with COVID-19, improve training programs for future pandemics, and analyze the long-term impacts.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; COVID-19; Humans; Male; Nurses; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34948584
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412975 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Feb 2021Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been proposed to be associated with several mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, diminished sexual satisfaction,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been proposed to be associated with several mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, diminished sexual satisfaction, and lowered health-related quality of life, etc. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature was conducted comparing the mental health of women with and without PCOS. Ten English and Chinese databases were searched up to 12/31/2018. Random-effects models were introduced, and subgroup analysis, sensitivity test, and meta-regression were carried out to determine the source for heterogeneity among studies. Forty-six studies, including 30,989 participants (9265 women with PCOS and 25,638 controls), were qualified for review according to the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight studies reported depression symptoms, 22 studies were on anxiety, 16 studies showed quality of life (QoL) status, 12 studies were about sexual dysfunction, five on emotional distress, four on binge eating, and four on somatization. Women with PCOS reported significantly higher depression (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI 0.50-0.78), anxiety (SMD = 0.63; 95% CI 0.50-0.77), lower QoL (SMD = - 0.55; 95% CI -0.69 to -0.40), and not significant sexual dysfunction (SMD = - 0.24; 95% CI - 0.49 to 0.01). Studies from different countries, adopting various diagnosis criteria, using diverse instruments, as well as in different years, have reported heterogenetic results. Women with PCOS in China reported a larger effect size of depression and anxiety than patients from other countries. The results of this study have indicated that women with PCOS suffer from depression, anxiety, and experience a lower quality of life, whereas their sexual function is not distinct from that of healthy women. Psychological health care interventions for women with PCOS were addressed.
Topics: Anxiety; China; Depression; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32514730
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01043-x -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Feb 2024To systematically synthesize published literature on somatoform complaints as psychological factors in vertigo/dizziness to determine the characteristics of...
To systematically synthesize published literature on somatoform complaints as psychological factors in vertigo/dizziness to determine the characteristics of comorbidities, relationships and causality. Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of PubMed, WOS, and Cochrane Library databases and manual follow-up reference searches were performed for articles published in English up to 2021. All original research studies and retrospective or prospective studies focusing on the relationship between vertigo/dizziness and somatoform complaints/somatization were systematically retrieved. Studies that did not include data on the association between somatoform complaints/somatization and vertigo/dizziness were excluded, as were reviews, comments, case reports, editorials, letters, and practice guidelines. Extracted data included research type, number of participants, assessment tools for vertigo/dizziness and somatoform complaints/somatization, statistical methods, and the main results. The quality of included studies was evaluated. Records identified through database searching = 1238. After removing duplicates and unrelated articles based on abstract and title search, 155 articles recorded as relevant. Except for the 5 articles, title and abstract of all records screened and 88 of them excluded. Critically evaluating those full texts, 28 studies included. The present study highlights the relationship between the vertigo/dizziness and somatoform complaints/somatization. It is determined that somatoform complaints of the individuals suffering from vertigo/dizziness is highly prevelant and some other factor such as personality characteristics or accompanying psychopathology have affect on the prevelance. The main results of all reviewed studies emphasize the requirement for assessment and intervention of vertigo/dizziness, in collaboration with the department of psychiatry. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42020222273.
PubMed: 38440433
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04233-y