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African Journal of AIDS Research : AJAR Jul 2022
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; COVID-19; HIV Infections; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35901306
DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2022.2106064 -
Journal of Epidemiology and Global... Sep 2023In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and partners launched the 90-90-90 targets. These were further updated to correspond to 95-95-95 by the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and partners launched the 90-90-90 targets. These were further updated to correspond to 95-95-95 by the year 2025. We present an overview of the progress made by Gulf Cooperated Council (GCC) countries towards meeting the global targets.
METHODS
We extracted data from Global AIDS Monitoring (GAM), UNAIDS AIDS Info, HIV case reporting database, and the WHO global policy uptake for six countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab of Emirates (UAE) to assess the HIV/AIDS burden in the six GCC countries, and the progress towards achieving the 95-95-95 goal.
RESULTS
By the end of 2021, an estimated 42,015 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were residing in the GCC countries with prevalence levels below 0.01%. Data from four GCC countries, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and UAE, indicated that by 2021, 94%, 80%, 66%, and 85% of HIV-positive population knew their status, respectively. 68%, 93% (2020 data), 65%, 58% and 85% of PLHIV in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and UAE who knew their status were on anti-retroviral therapy (ART), respectively, and 55%, 92%, 58% and 90% (2020 data) among those who were on ART had viral suppression in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and KSA, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The GCC countries have made great strides toward fulfilling the 95-95-95 targets, but the interim 2025 overall UNAIDS targets remain unmet. The GCC countries must strive diligently to accomplish the targets by emphasising early identification of the cases by enhanced screening and testing, as well as prompt commencement of ART therapy with viral load suppression.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Oman; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Bahrain
PubMed: 37079171
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00097-1 -
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene... 2023AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a nervous system disorder that harms the neurons in different parts of the brain. Various features are involved in altering the normal...
AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a nervous system disorder that harms the neurons in different parts of the brain. Various features are involved in altering the normal activities of neurons. Neurotoxicity is induced due to HIV viral proteins such as gp120, SDF, Tat, etc. These proteins target macrophages, glial cells, astrocytes, and release neurotoxins. These neurotoxins proved harmful for the neurons, caused apoptotic cell death by raising calcium, glutamate level and by producing various free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO·). Lipid peroxidation and lipids rafts also play a vital role in producing toxicity and apoptotic cell death. Membrane associated oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and high level of HNE (4-hydroxynonenal); all are involved in ADC pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; AIDS Dementia Complex; Neurotoxins; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Brain; Apoptosis
PubMed: 37606160
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2023049004 -
Medicine Oct 2023Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 1994, Chang and Moore...
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 1994, Chang and Moore discovered Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus for the first time in KS lesions in AIDS patients. KS is a low-grade mesenchymal neoplasm of blood and lymphatic vessels that primarily affects the skin, although the disease may become disseminated to the lymphatic system, lungs, airways, or abdominal viscera. In this research, clinical characteristics and treatment of patients of Kaposi sarcoma were retrospectively analyzed in Hotan District, Xinjiang China. We look into the clinical traits, prognosis, and therapy of Kaposi sarcoma. From May 2017 to August 2022, 32 patients were treated in the People's Hospital of Hotan District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Twenty-two of these were classic Kaposi sarcomas (cKS), and 10 of these were Kaposi sarcomas linked to AIDS (AIDS-KS). The majority of KS patients were Uyghur. In terms of age at onset, AIDS-KS patients were younger than cKS patients. cKS and AIDS-KS are most frequently manifested in the feet and lower limbs. Ten patients with AIDS-KS have treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (combination antiretroviral therapy) combination chemotherapy, 5 of 10 patients had a complete response, 2 patients achieved partial response, the overall effective rate was 70%, and CD4 + T cells were greater than before. For cKS and AIDS-KS, the median overall survival was 56 and 50.8 months, respectively (P > .05). As a result, antiviral combination chemotherapy can also improve the prognosis of AIDS-KS patients.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Retrospective Studies; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Skin Neoplasms; Herpesvirus 8, Human
PubMed: 37832074
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035552 -
American Journal of Public Health Jul 2021
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Epidemics; Humans; New York City; Safe Sex; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 34110912
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306291 -
AIDS Research and Therapy Aug 2019Brazil is a low-and-middle income country (LMIC) that, despite having a large population and continental dimensions, has been able to successfully fight HIV/AIDS through... (Review)
Review
Brazil is a low-and-middle income country (LMIC) that, despite having a large population and continental dimensions, has been able to successfully fight HIV/AIDS through a number of governmental and societal measures. These included an early response to the epidemic, the development of a universal and free public health system, incisive discussions with pharmaceutical companies to reduce antiretroviral (ARV) drug prices, investments towards the development of generic drugs and compulsory licensing of ARVs. Through such measures, Brazil is among the leading LMIC towards achieving the 90-90-90 UNAIDS goals in the years to come. In this review, we analyze Brazil's progress throughout the HIV/AIDS epidemic to achieve state-of-the-art ARV treatment and to reduce AIDS mortality in the country. The top-quality HIV/AIDS research in Brazil towards HIV prophylactic and functional cure, the next step towards the economic sustainability of the battle against HIV, is also discussed.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Brazil; Delivery of Health Care; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Research
PubMed: 31412889
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-019-0234-2 -
BMC Public Health May 2023HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments negatively affect treatment adherence, viral load suppression, CD4 count, functionality, and the overall quality of life... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments negatively affect treatment adherence, viral load suppression, CD4 count, functionality, and the overall quality of life of people with seropositive status. However, huge variability is observed across primary studies regarding the prevalence and determinants of neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV/AIDS. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the pooled prevalence of neurocognitive impairment and identify factors contributing to variations in its estimate among people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of scientific databases (Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) was performed from inception onward. Google and Google Scholar were also searched for grey literature. Research articles available until July 15, 2022 were included. We used STATA-version 14 statistical software for analysis. A random effect model was executed to pool the reported prevalence of neurocognitive impairments. Subgroup analysis was done to show variations in the prevalence of neurocognitive impairments and factors that might contribute to these variations.
RESULTS
A literature search resulted in 8,047 articles. After the removal of duplications and thorough evaluation, a total of 49 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments was highly variable across studies, ranging from 14% to 88%, yielding the pooled prevalence of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairment to be 46.34% [95% CI (40.32, 52.36)] and I = 98.5% with a P-value of 0.001.
CONCLUSIONS
A large proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa have HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairment. This illustrates the need to establish practical approaches to early identification and effective control of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments. However, there were variabilities in the reported prevalence of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments across studies. This further demonstrates the need to have consistent measurement approaches.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO 2022, "CRD42020166572".
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Africa
PubMed: 37254121
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15935-x -
The Lancet. HIV Sep 2022
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 36055291
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00224-7 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Dec 2021
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 34816744
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00471.2021 -
Medicine Dec 2023The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is primarily affecting young people worldwide, with those between the ages of 15... (Review)
Review
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic is primarily affecting young people worldwide, with those between the ages of 15 and 24 accounting for nearly half of all new infections. This paper was written to effectively translate HIV/AIDS knowledge into actionable behavioral changes among secondary school students in Uganda by empowering them with comprehensive information, fostering a deeper understanding of preventive measures, and facilitating the development of responsible and informed decision-making skills, thereby reducing the incidence of HIV/AIDS transmission within this demographic. There is a relationship between risk perception and behavior change in HIV/AIDS prevention among high school students. This can be explained by the high proportion of secondary school students who think they are at risk of HIV infection; this perception may be related to having had early sex, being sexually active, and knowing someone has died of HIV. High school students regularly engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms and having multiple lifelong partners. Student behavior is significantly influenced by HIV and AIDS prevention initiatives such as youth-friendly services, peer education, and condom use.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; HIV; Uganda; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Sexual Behavior; Condoms
PubMed: 38065920
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036599