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Avian Diseases Sep 2021The control of poultry diseases has relied heavily on the use of many live and inactivated vaccines. However, over the last 30 yr, recombinant DNA technology has been... (Review)
Review
The control of poultry diseases has relied heavily on the use of many live and inactivated vaccines. However, over the last 30 yr, recombinant DNA technology has been used to generate many novel poultry vaccines. Fowlpox virus and turkey herpesvirus are the two main vectors currently used to construct recombinant vaccines for poultry. With the use of these two vectors, more than 15 recombinant viral vector vaccines against Newcastle disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bursal disease, avian influenza, and have been developed and are commercially available. This review focuses on current knowledge about the safety and efficacy of recombinant viral vectored vaccines and the mechanisms by which they facilitate the control of multiple diseases. Additionally, the development of new recombinant vaccines with novel vectors will be briefly discussed.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Newcastle Disease; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Vaccines, Synthetic; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 34699141
DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-65.3.438 -
Lancet (London, England) Apr 2022
Review
Topics: Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Humans
PubMed: 35461560
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00331-2 -
Journal of Parkinson's Disease 2023The Parkinson's disease (PD) research field has seen the advent of several promising biomarkers and a deeper understanding of the clinical features of the disease from... (Review)
Review
The Parkinson's disease (PD) research field has seen the advent of several promising biomarkers and a deeper understanding of the clinical features of the disease from the earliest stages of pathology to manifest disease. Despite progress, a biologically based PD staging system does not exist. Such staging would be a useful framework within which to model the disease, develop and validate biomarkers, guide therapeutic development, and inform clinical trials design. We propose that the presence of aggregated neuronal α-synuclein, dopaminergic neuron dysfunction/degeneration, and clinical signs and symptoms identifies a group of individuals that have Lewy body pathology, which in early stages manifests with what is now referred to as prodromal non-motor features and later stages with the manifestations of PD and related Lewy body diseases as defined by clinical diagnostic criteria. Based on the state of the field, we herein propose a definition and staging of PD based on biology. We present the biologic basis for such a staging system and review key assumptions and evidence that support the proposed approach. We identify gaps in knowledge and delineate crucial research priorities that will inform the ultimate integrated biologic staging system for PD.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; alpha-Synuclein; Lewy Body Disease; Lewy Bodies; Nerve Degeneration; Biomarkers; Prodromal Symptoms; Biological Products
PubMed: 37066922
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-225111 -
OncoTargets and Therapy 2022Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a curable disease with a 60-70% chance of cure with current R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy. However, 30-40% of patients are... (Review)
Review
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a curable disease with a 60-70% chance of cure with current R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy. However, 30-40% of patients are refractory or relapsing. Many attempts failed to improve the outcome of DLBCL patients, including the intensification of R-CHOP regimen, consolidation, or maintenance therapy since the introduction of R-CHOP in 2000. Better understanding of both molecular biology of lymphoma cells and the tumor microenvironment raised the hope for future improvement of DLBCL patients' survival. Novel molecular findings have initiated clinical trials exploring targeted therapy based on driver genetic alterations with an intent to improve survival of high-risk subsets of patients. But the preliminary results remain ambiguous. The approach "agnostic" to specific molecular alterations of lymphoma cell includes antibody-drug conjugates (especially polatuzumab vedotin), immunotherapy comprising different antibodies with immunomodulatory effect (tafasitamab, lenalidomide), and T-cell engaging therapy (bispecific antibodies, early use of CAR T-cell). This approach could increase the cure rates and change the current therapeutic paradigm. However, better prognostic stratification, smarter designs of clinical trials, modification of endpoints including the use of ctDNA are needed. This review covers the complexity of DLBCL management.
PubMed: 36510607
DOI: 10.2147/OTT.S326632 -
Genes Oct 2019The poultry industry currently accounts for the production of around 118 million metric tons of meat and around 74 million metric tons of eggs annually. As the global...
The poultry industry currently accounts for the production of around 118 million metric tons of meat and around 74 million metric tons of eggs annually. As the global population continues to increase, so does our reliance on poultry as a food source. It is therefore of vital importance that we safeguard this valuable resource and make the industry as economically competitive as possible. Avian viral infections, however, continue to cost the poultry industry billions of dollars annually. This can be in terms of vaccination costs, loss of birds and decreased production. With a view to improving the health and welfare of commercial birds and to minimizing associated economic losses, it is therefore of great importance that we try to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying host susceptibility and resilience to some of the major viral pathogens that threaten the poultry species. Some avian viruses, through their zoonotic potential, also pose a risk to human health. This Special Issue will present papers that describe our current knowledge on host responses to various viral pathogens, the genetics underlying those responses and how genomics can begin to provide a solution for resolving the threat posed by these infections.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomics; Influenza in Birds; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Vaccination
PubMed: 31618995
DOI: 10.3390/genes10100814 -
Cell Calcium Sep 2020Calsequestrin is the major Ca binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), serves as the main Ca storage and buffering protein and is an important regulator of Ca... (Review)
Review
Calsequestrin is the major Ca binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), serves as the main Ca storage and buffering protein and is an important regulator of Ca release channels in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is anchored at the junctional SR membrane through interactions with membrane proteins and undergoes reversible polymerization with increasing Ca concentration. Calsequestrin provides high local Ca at the junctional SR and communicates changes in luminal Ca concentration to Ca release channels, thus it is an essential component of excitation-contraction coupling. Recent studies reveal new insights on calsequestrin trafficking, Ca binding, protein evolution, protein-protein interactions, stress responses and the molecular basis of related human muscle disease, including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Here we provide a comprehensive overview of calsequestrin, with recent advances in structure, diverse functions, phylogenetic analysis, and its role in muscle physiology, stress responses and human pathology.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Calsequestrin; Humans; Ions; Models, Biological; Phylogeny; Protein Isoforms; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
PubMed: 32574906
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102242 -
Viruses Jul 2020Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) govern diverse cellular processes and cell fate decisions. The hallmark of the leucine zipper domain is the... (Review)
Review
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) govern diverse cellular processes and cell fate decisions. The hallmark of the leucine zipper domain is the heptad repeat, with leucine residues at every seventh position in the domain. These leucine residues enable homo- and heterodimerization between ZIP domain α-helices, generating coiled-coil structures that stabilize interactions between adjacent DNA-binding domains and target DNA substrates. Several cancer-causing viruses encode viral bZIP TFs, including human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the herpesviruses Marek's disease virus (MDV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these viral bZIP TFs and their impact on viral replication, host cell responses and cell fate.
Topics: Animals; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Deltaretrovirus; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Mardivirus; Oncogenic Viruses; Phylogeny; Tumor Virus Infections; Unfolded Protein Response
PubMed: 32674309
DOI: 10.3390/v12070757 -
Klinicka Mikrobiologie a Infekcni... Jun 2021Vaccination is essential to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination significantly protects against severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death; it also protects against...
Vaccination is essential to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination significantly protects against severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death; it also protects against symptomatic infection and reduces the risk of transmission to other people. Protection against the new SARS-CoV-2 variants may be lower, but protection against severe course and death remains high. Two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and two vector vaccines (AZD1222 and Ad26.COV2.S) are currently available in the Czech Republic. Vaccination of persons over 60 years of age and immunocompromised persons, who are demonstrably at the highest risk of a serious course of the disease, is of the utmost importance. In order to achieve adequate vaccination coverage, it is necessary to motivate other groups of people to be vaccinated, including children over 12 years of age and young adults. Vaccination is also recommended in pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and in breastfeeding women. For selected groups of vaccines, a third dose of vaccination is recommended (additional third dose 4 weeks after the second dose or a booster dose 8 to 12 months after the second dose). The side effects are usually mild, with serious complications (including anaphylaxis, thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome, myocarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and capillary leak syndrome) being rare.
Topics: Aged; BNT162 Vaccine; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Child; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 34648642
DOI: No ID Found -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2021GDF-15 (Growth differentiation factor 15) is a protein synthesised in some tissues including liver, kidney, heart, or lung. GDF-15 a stress-responsive cytokine. GDF-15...
GDF-15 (Growth differentiation factor 15) is a protein synthesised in some tissues including liver, kidney, heart, or lung. GDF-15 a stress-responsive cytokine. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk and disease burden. GDF-15 is linked to the incidence and prognosis of heart failure. In acute coronary syndromes GDF-15 identifies risk of complications including bleeding, reinfarction, development of heart failure or mortality. In patients with atrial fibrillation, GDF-15 is a potent marker of bleeding adverse events in anticoagulated patients and a predictor of overall mortality. Role of GDF-15 in cardiology is not definitively constituted.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Biomarkers; Cardiology; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Heart Failure; Humans; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34171946
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Topics in Developmental Biology 2022The molecular complexes underlying planar cell polarity (PCP) were first identified in Drosophila through analysis of mutant phenotypes in the adult cuticle and the... (Review)
Review
The molecular complexes underlying planar cell polarity (PCP) were first identified in Drosophila through analysis of mutant phenotypes in the adult cuticle and the orientation of associated polarized protrusions such as wing hairs and sensory bristles. The same molecules are conserved in vertebrates and are required for the localization of polarized protrusions such as primary or sensory cilia and the orientation of hair follicles. Not only is PCP signaling required to align cellular structures across a tissue, it is also required to coordinate movement during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. PCP signaling allows cells to interpret positional cues within a tissue to move in the appropriate direction and to coordinate this movement with their neighbors. In this review we outline the molecular basis of the core Wnt-Frizzled/PCP pathway, and describe how this signaling orchestrates collective motility in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we cover the paradigms of ommatidial rotation and border cell migration in Drosophila, and convergent extension in vertebrates. The downstream cell biological processes that underlie polarized motility include cytoskeletal reorganization, and adherens junctional and extracellular matrix remodeling. We discuss the contributions of these processes in the respective cell motility contexts. Finally, we address examples of individual cell motility guided by PCP factors during nervous system development and in cancer disease contexts.
Topics: Animals; Cell Movement; Cell Polarity; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Vertebrates; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 35817505
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.006