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Carbohydrate Polymers Mar 2022Acetylated acid-ethanol hydrolyzed (AHS) and acetylated debranched starch (ADS) were investigated as prospective nanocarriers. Both acid-ethanol hydrolysis and...
Acetylated acid-ethanol hydrolyzed (AHS) and acetylated debranched starch (ADS) were investigated as prospective nanocarriers. Both acid-ethanol hydrolysis and debranching decreased the molecular weight and viscosity of starch. Acid-ethanol hydrolyzed starch remained the original microstructure, which was confirmed by results of scanning electron microscopy. New absorption peaks in FTIR spectra of starch confirmed the occurrence of acetylation. The substitution degree (DS) of ADS could reach up to 1.18, while that of AHS could be improved by increasing the ethanol concentration. The developed nanoparticles showed uniform spherical structure and the size of that approximated 180-260 nm. The critical micelle concentration was 0.049 mg/mL, and the shift in fluorescence spectra confirmed the interaction between starch and curcumin. These results indicate show that high DS of AHS and ADS could be used as a potential carrier for curcumin delivery.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acetylation; Curcumin; Drug Carriers; Ethanol; Hydrolysis; Micelles; Nanoparticles; Starch
PubMed: 34980359
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119019 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2022A paper by Araújo et al. (2018) claims that a variety of compounds present in pyroligneous acid (guaiacol, phenols and furfural) are responsible for the observed...
AIMS
A paper by Araújo et al. (2018) claims that a variety of compounds present in pyroligneous acid (guaiacol, phenols and furfural) are responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity. We show, on the other hand, that the low pH due to acetic acid present in pyroligneous acid is the real cause of the activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Pyroligneous acid (PA) was synthesized according to a previous method (Medeiros et al. 2019) with its inhibition activity tested on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via the agar diffusion method. The activity of acetic acid at different concentrations was also evaluated for comparison. As expected, crude PA (pH 3.0) and acetic acid produced inhibition halos whose diameters varied according to their employed concentration. However, any PA inhibitory activity completely vanished upon neutralization (pH 7.0), a behaviour also observed for neutralized acetic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
The claim that guaiacol, phenols and furfural are responsible for any inhibitory activity is unsubstantiated. The authors should have neutralized the pyroligneous acid if any activity was to be discovered.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY
To increase awareness that interfering species may play a detrimental role on the interpretation of results. In this case, the action of acetic acid is vastly more important for the inhibitory activity than any other compound present in PA.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcus aureus; Terpenes
PubMed: 34472173
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15281 -
Microbiological Research Dec 2023Acetic acid tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important trait in sourdough fermentation processes, where the accumulation of acid by the growth of lactic acid...
Acetic acid tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important trait in sourdough fermentation processes, where the accumulation of acid by the growth of lactic acid bacteria reduces the yeast metabolic activity. In this work, we have carried out adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments in two sourdough isolates of S. cerevisiae exposed to acetic acid, or alternatively to acetic acid and myriocin, an inhibitor of sphingolipid biosynthesis that sped-up the evolutionary adaptation. Evolution approaches resulted in acetic tolerance, and surprisingly, increased lactic susceptibility. Four evolved clones, one from each parental strain and evolutionary scheme, were selected on the basis of their potential for CO production in sourdough conditions. Among them, two showed phenotypic instability characterized by strong lactic sensitivity after several rounds of growth under unstressed conditions, while two others, displayed increased constitutive acetic tolerance with no loss of growth in lactic medium. Genome sequencing and ploidy level analysis of all strains revealed aneuploidies, which could account for phenotypic heterogeneity. In addition, copy number variations (CNVs), affecting specially to genes involved in ion transport or flocculation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Mutations in several genes, ARG82, KEX1, CTK1, SPT20, IRA2, ASG1 or GIS4, were confirmed as involved in acetic and/or lactic tolerance, and new determinants of these phenotypes, MSN5 and PSP2, identified.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Acetic Acid; DNA Copy Number Variations; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Fermentation; Phenotype; Karyopherins
PubMed: 37713908
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127487 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) is modified by ethylenediamine to obtain rhodamine with amine functional groups (Rh6G-NH). Rh6G-NH as an initial core is used to bond coumarin...
Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) is modified by ethylenediamine to obtain rhodamine with amine functional groups (Rh6G-NH). Rh6G-NH as an initial core is used to bond coumarin derivatives. Synthesized fluorescent colorants are specified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR and C NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to analyze the structure of the fluorescent pigments. Fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometer, and UV-visible-NIR reflectance spectra are used to demonstrate the optical properties. UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectra showed that synthesized colorants were transparent in NIR region. Also, photophysical properties of 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid (MOHCYAA), Rh6G-NH, and hybrid 2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy) acetic acid/rhodamine 6G (HMR) were investigated. Type of solvent had a strong effect on quantum yield. Rh6G-NH (ϕ = 0.66) and HMR (ϕ = 0.72) displayed the maximum quantum yield in ethanol due to good interaction with ethanol and the formation of ring-opened amide form of rhodamine group. Finally, Rh6G-NH and HMR displayed the maximum quantum yield in ethanol due to good interaction of structure with ethanol and the formation of ring-opened amide form of rhodamine group in compound.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Amides; Ethanol; Rhodamines; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 35414061
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10001-9 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020The yeast undergoes a mitochondrial-dependent regulated cell death (RCD) exhibiting typical markers of mammalian apoptosis. We have previously shown that ceramide...
The yeast undergoes a mitochondrial-dependent regulated cell death (RCD) exhibiting typical markers of mammalian apoptosis. We have previously shown that ceramide production contributes to RCD induced by acetic acid and is involved in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and cytochrome release, especially through hydrolysis of complex sphingolipids catalyzed by Isc1p. Recently, we also showed that Sch9p regulates the translocation of Isc1p from the endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria, perturbing sphingolipid balance and determining cell fate. In this study, we addressed the role of other signaling proteins in acetic acid-induced RCD. We found that single deletion of or , as shown for and , leads to an increase in cell survival in response to acetic acid and that Pkh1/2p-dependent phosphorylation of Ypk1p and Sch9p increases under these conditions. These results indicate that Pkh1p regulates acetic acid-induced RCD through Ypk1p and Sch9p. In addition, our results suggest that Pkh1p-Ypk1p is necessary for resistance to acetic acid-induced RCD. Moreover, double deletion of and has a drastic effect on cell survival associated with increased ROS accumulation and release of cytochrome , which is counteracted by overexpression of the PKA pathway negative regulator . Overall, our results suggest that Pkh1p-Ypk1p and Pkh1p-Sch9p pathways contribute to RCD induced by acetic acid.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Cell Death; Mitochondria; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
PubMed: 32318242
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7095078 -
Analytical Biochemistry Aug 2024We describe a microwave-assisted, methanol and acetic acid-free, inexpensive method for rapid staining of SDS-PAGE proteins. Only citric acid, benzoic acid, and...
We describe a microwave-assisted, methanol and acetic acid-free, inexpensive method for rapid staining of SDS-PAGE proteins. Only citric acid, benzoic acid, and Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (CBG) were used. Microwave irradiation reduced the detection duration, and proteins in a clear background were visualized within 30 min of destaining, after 2 min of fixing and 12 min of staining. By using this protocol, comparable band intensities were obtained to the conventional methanol/acetic acid method.
Topics: Microwaves; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Methanol; Proteins; Acetic Acid; Staining and Labeling; Rosaniline Dyes
PubMed: 38697592
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115553 -
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Acetic Acid; Multiple Organ Failure; Eating
PubMed: 36444903
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2150633 -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Jun 2023The current approach to gluconic acid production is acetification at 30°C, a temperature that can be difficult to maintain in tropical countries. This study...
The current approach to gluconic acid production is acetification at 30°C, a temperature that can be difficult to maintain in tropical countries. This study investigated the production of gluconic acid during acetification by Acetobacter aceti WK at high temperatures. An acid-tolerant and thermotolerant species, A. aceti WK, was used for acetification at three different temperatures, namely, 30°C (normal temperature), 37°C, and 40°C (high temperature). Acetification was performed in a 100 L bioreactor with 0.15% CaCl for protection of the cells against high temperatures. The production of the organic acids, that is, acetic acid, gluconic acid, 2-keto gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, and formic acid, was analyzed. Under acetification in the target total concentration of 80 g/L, the highest acetic acid content (39.3 g/L) was obtained at 37°C with an acetification rate of 0.3013 g/L/h, while the acetic acid content and acetification rate achieved at 30°C were 31 g/L and 0.3089 g/L/h, respectively. Additionally, gluconic acid presented at the highest concentration of 2.17 g/L. The rate of production of gluconic acid was 0.0169 g/L/h at 37°C. This acetification process at 37°C will be valuable as an alternative source for gluconic acid production for commercial applications.
Topics: Temperature; Fermentation; Acetobacter; Acetic Acid
PubMed: 36385710
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2414 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Mar 2023The choice of silage additives is an important factor for the storage of silage. One standard ensiling method and two enhanced ensiling methods (using natural silage,...
The choice of silage additives is an important factor for the storage of silage. One standard ensiling method and two enhanced ensiling methods (using natural silage, silage with mixed lactic acid bacteria, and silage with acetic acid, respectively) were carried out on Miscanthus sinensis. To determine the effects of these different methods, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) was determined. The results revealed that ensiling with acetic acid was the best method among the three ensiling methods. Acetic acid could quickly reduce the pH of the system to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. The rate of loss of dry matter was 0.92% when acetic acid was added, and the cumulative methane production was 149.6 mL·g volatile solids. From an analysis of correlations between the properties and BMP of silage, the contents of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids were significantly correlated with the BMP. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the BMP of M. sinensis and achieving better effects of silage.
Topics: Silage; Fermentation; Methane; Poaceae; Acetic Acid
PubMed: 36515874
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24518-z -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Jan 2021Acetaldehyde and acetic acid/acetate, the active metabolites of alcohol (ethanol, EtOH), generate actions of their own ranging from behavioral, physiological, to...
Alcohol metabolite acetic acid activates BK channels in a pH-dependent manner and decreases calcium oscillations and exocytosis of secretory granules in rat pituitary GH3 cells.
Acetaldehyde and acetic acid/acetate, the active metabolites of alcohol (ethanol, EtOH), generate actions of their own ranging from behavioral, physiological, to pathological/cancerogenic effects. EtOH and acetaldehyde have been studied to some depth, whereas the effects of acetic acid have been less well explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of acetic acid on big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels present in GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells in more detail. In whole cell voltage clamp recordings, extracellular application of acetic acid increased total outward currents in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was prevented after the application of the specific BK channel blocker paxilline. Acetic acid action was pH-dependent-in whole cell current and single BK channel recordings, open probability (Po) was significantly increased by extracellular pH reduction and decreased by neutral or base pH. Acetic acid hyperpolarized the membrane potential, whereas acidic physiological solution had a depolarizing effect. Moreover, acetic acid reduced calcium (Ca) oscillations and exocytosis of growth hormone contained secretory granules from GH3 cells. These effects were partially prevented by BK inhibitors-tetraethylammonium or paxillin. In conclusion, our experiments indicate that acetic acid activates BK channels in GH3 cells which eventually contribute to acetic acid-induced membrane hyperpolarization, cessation of Ca oscillations, and decrease of growth hormone release.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exocytosis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indoles; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; Pituitary Gland; Potassium; Rats; Sodium Acetate
PubMed: 33113008
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02484-0