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Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2022The efficiency of acrylamide production was examined with immobilized cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6) containing NHase.
AIMS
The efficiency of acrylamide production was examined with immobilized cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6) containing NHase.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Different entrapment matrices such as agar, alginate and polyacrylamide were used. Various immobilization parameters like agar concentration, cell concentration and reaction conditions affecting the bioconversion process using suitable matrices were determined. The cells immobilized with agar matrix were found to be most effective for acrylonitrile conversion. The bioconversion was more efficient in beads prepared with 2% agar and 5% (v/v) cell concentration. The entire conversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide with agar entrapped cells was achieved in 120 min at 15°C. The agar entrapped R. rhodochrous (RS-6) cells exhibited 8% (w/v) tolerance to acrylonitrile and 35% tolerance to acrylamide. The immobilized cells also retained 50% of its conversion ability up to seven cycles. The laboratory-scale (1 L) production resulted in 466 g L accumulation of acrylamide in 16 h.
CONCLUSIONS
The cells immobilized in agar showed better stability and biocatalytic properties and increased reusability potential.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The agar-immobilized Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6) cells showed enhanced tolerance for both the substrate and product and is economical for the large-scale production of acrylamide.
Topics: Acrylamide; Acrylonitrile; Agar; Cells, Immobilized; Rhodococcus
PubMed: 34564923
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15303 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Oct 2022An iodine-mediated radical cyclization of 1,6-enynones with sulphonyl hydrazides using -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant has been developed for the synthesis of...
An iodine-mediated radical cyclization of 1,6-enynones with sulphonyl hydrazides using -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant has been developed for the synthesis of iodo-sulphonylated-succinimide derivatives. The notable advantages of the developed method are metal-free conditions, broad functional group tolerance, column chromatography-free purification, high stereoselectivity ( isomer), shorter reaction times, and the cascade construction of three new bonds (C-S, C-I, and C-C). The synthetic application of the iodo-functionality has been extended to the Heck coupling reaction with acrylonitrile and to the Suzuki coupling reaction with benzene boronic acid.
Topics: tert-Butylhydroperoxide; Succinimides; Acrylonitrile; Benzene; Molecular Structure; Iodine; Metals; Oxidants; Boronic Acids
PubMed: 36178240
DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01277d -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) enables the preparation of both short and long polymers from acrylic and vinyl ester monomers with low dispersity. Here we...
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) enables the preparation of both short and long polymers from acrylic and vinyl ester monomers with low dispersity. Here we describe the synthesis, purification, and characterization of polymeric mimics of ice-binding proteins based on the water-soluble polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) by CMRP. Block copolymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) were prepared from the precursor copolymers poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(acrylonitrile) upon hydrolysis. Copolymers comprising up to hundreds of monomers and dispersities M/M < 1.3 were produced by this method.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Ice; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Polymers; Acrylonitrile; Cobalt
PubMed: 37943460
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_14 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Sep 2022The coacervates of the Poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile) / β-Galactosidase complex are characterized using several techniques... (Review)
Review
Evaluation of properties and structural transitions of Poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile) / β-Galactosidase complex coacervates: effects of pH and aging.
The coacervates of the Poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile) / β-Galactosidase complex are characterized using several techniques (Turbidimetry, dynamic and static light scattering (DLS / SLS), optical microscopy, image dynamic light scattering (IDLS), and ultra-small angles light scattering (USALS)). Turbidity and SLS were used to accurately determine the critical pHs of complex formation (pH, pH, pH and pH), DLS was used to probe the microscopic structure of coacervate droplets rich in proteins and polyelectrolytes in liquid-liquid phase separation, and IDLS and USALS have been introduced to better understand, during aging, the topology of the network formed of materials based on fractals in the dense phase. Observations of the architecture, the spatial inhomogeneity, and the size distributions of liquid complex coacervate droplets and fractal solid precipitates, were performed by optical microscopy. The pair-distance distribution function, P(r), presented in this review, is a new methodology of calculus for determining with precision the radius of gyration R of droplets coacervates. These techniques show that aging improves the stability of swollen condensates, the growth of the coacervate droplets is due to the attractive electrostatic interactions within the complex and does not undergo Ostwald ripening, except for the case of pH and having fractal dimensions D generated by diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA).
Topics: Acrylamides; Acrylic Resins; Acrylonitrile; Alkanesulfonates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 35724598
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112627 -
Analytical Chemistry Oct 2022This manuscript details the first report of a complete additively manufactured rotating disk electrode setup, highlighting how high-performing equipment can be designed...
This manuscript details the first report of a complete additively manufactured rotating disk electrode setup, highlighting how high-performing equipment can be designed and produced rapidly using additive manufacturing without compromising on performance. The additively manufactured rotating disk electrode system was printed using a predominantly acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) based filament and used widely available, low-cost electronics, and simplified machined parts to create. The additively manufactured rotating disk electrode system costs less than 2% of a comparable commercial solution (£84.47 ($102.26) total). The rotating disk electrode is also additively manufactured using a carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) equivalent, developing a completely additively manufactured rotating disk electrode system. The electrochemical characterization of the additively manufactured rotating disk electrode setup was performed using hexaamineruthenium(III) chloride and compared favorably with a commercial glassy carbon electrode. Finally, this work shows how the additively manufactured rotating disk electrode experimental system and additive manufactured electrodes can be utilized for the electroanalytical determination of levodopa, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, producing a limit of detection of 0.23 ± 0.03 μM. This work represents a step-change in how additive manufacturing can be used in research, allowing the production of high-end equipment for hugely reduced costs, without compromising on performance. Utilizing additive manufacturing in this way could greatly enhance the research possibilities for less well-funded research groups.
Topics: Acrylonitrile; Butadienes; Carbon; Chlorides; Electrodes; Levodopa; Polyesters; Soot; Styrenes
PubMed: 36129134
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02884 -
Bioresource Technology Apr 2022This study attempted to remove acrylonitrile and acetophenone from simulated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) based wastewater while recovering nitrogen and...
Biomass production of carbohydrate-rich filamentous microalgae coupled with treatment and nutrients recovery from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene based wastewater: Synergistic enhancement with low carbon dioxide supply strategy.
This study attempted to remove acrylonitrile and acetophenone from simulated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) based wastewater while recovering nitrogen and phosphorus using the carbohydrate-rich filamentous microalgae Tribonema sp.. Results showed that typical acetophenone and acrylonitrile presented significant inhibitory effect on Tribonema sp. growth and co-metabolism of CO improved the tolerance of Tribonema sp. to toxic pollutants. The microalgae biomass increased by 34.47% (3.16 g/L) and 58.17% (3.97 g/L) via supplementing 2% CO in the 100 mg/L acrylonitrile and acetophenone groups, respectively. The filamentous microalga was rich in carbohydrates and its productivity was further enhanced by 32.52% and 70.34%, respectively, in 100 mg/L acrylonitrile and acetophenone groups with 2% CO supplement. The synergistic CO supply strategy effectively enhanced the biomass production of filamentous microalgae, and moreover, improved the treatment efficiency of ABS based wastewater simulated by acetophenone or acrylonitrile addition, while at same time enhanced the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.
Topics: Acrylonitrile; Biomass; Butadienes; Carbohydrates; Carbon Dioxide; Microalgae; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Styrene; Wastewater
PubMed: 35143984
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126829 -
Membranes Jul 2023Cellulose and copolymers of acrylonitrile (PAN) are characterized by their chemical resistance to several conventional solvents. Therefore, these polymers are often used...
Cellulose and copolymers of acrylonitrile (PAN) are characterized by their chemical resistance to several conventional solvents. Therefore, these polymers are often used to obtain membranes for the recovery of such solvents. In this work, for the first time, composite membranes formed from highly concentrated mixed solutions based on cellulose and PAN are considered (the total content of polymers is 18 wt.%). For mixed solutions, the morphology and rheological behavior were evaluated. It is shown that the resulting solutions are two-phase, and their morphology depends on the components' ratio and the system's history. The non-monotonous change in the viscosity with the PAN content indicates a specific interaction of cellulose and PAN in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solutions. The rheological behavior of mixed solutions allows for their processing in conditions identical to those of cellulose solutions. The introduction of PAN into the cellulose matrix promotes a decrease in the structural order in the system, affecting the membranes' transport properties. For composite membranes, it was found that with an increase in the content of the PAN phase, the retention of Remazol and Orange decreases, while the observed values are several times higher than those for cellulose membranes. The permeability of ethanol increases with increasing terpolymer content.
PubMed: 37505033
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070667 -
Chemosphere Feb 2020Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) released from plastics into water, soil and air are significant environmental and health problem. Continuous exposure of humans to... (Review)
Review
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) released from plastics into water, soil and air are significant environmental and health problem. Continuous exposure of humans to these substances results not only from the slow biodegradation of plastics but also from their ubiquitous use as industrial materials and everyday products. Exposure to POPs may lead to neurodegenerative disorders, induce inflammation, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, insulin resistance, allergies, metabolic diseases, and carcinogenesis. This has spurred an increasing intense search for natural compounds with protective effects against the harmful components of plastics. In this paper, we discuss the current state of knowledge concerning the protective functions of polyphenols against the toxic effects of POPs: acrylonitrile, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, phthalates and bisphenol A. We review in detail papers from the last two decades, analyzing POPs in terms of their sources of exposure and demonstrate how polyphenols may be used to counteract the harmful environmental effects of POPs. The protective effect of polyphenols results from their impact on the level and activity of the components of the antioxidant system, enzymes involved in the elimination of xenobiotics, and as a consequence - on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyphenols present in daily diet may play a protective role against the harmful effects of POPs derived from plastics, and this interaction is related, among others, to the antioxidant properties of these compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive review of in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the molecular mechanisms of interactions between selected environmental toxins and polyphenols.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Dioxins; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Phenols; Plastics; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polyphenols; Soil
PubMed: 31563713
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124901 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021Cutaneous melanoma represents one of the deadliest types of skin cancer. The prognosis strongly depends on the disease stage, thus early detection is crucial. New... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous melanoma represents one of the deadliest types of skin cancer. The prognosis strongly depends on the disease stage, thus early detection is crucial. New therapies, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immunotherapies, have significantly improved the survival of patients in the last decade. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance is still a challenge. In this review, we discuss two major aspects that contribute to the aggressiveness of melanoma, namely, the embryonic origin of melanocytes and melanoma cells and cellular plasticity. First, we summarize the physiological function of epidermal melanocytes and their development from precursor cells that originate from the neural crest (NC). Next, we discuss the concepts of intratumoral heterogeneity, cellular plasticity, and phenotype switching that enable melanoma to adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment and promote disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we further dissect the connection of these two aspects by focusing on the transcriptional regulators MSX1, MITF, SOX10, PAX3, and FOXD3. These factors play a key role in NC initiation, NC cell migration, and melanocyte formation, and we discuss how they contribute to cellular plasticity and drug resistance in melanoma.
Topics: Acrylonitrile; Aniline Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cell Plasticity; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; MSX1 Transcription Factor; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Neural Crest; PAX3 Transcription Factor; Phenotype; Pyrimidinones; SOXE Transcription Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34071193
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115761 -
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics :... Aug 2023Acrylonitrile (CHCHCN) is ubiquitous in space (molecular clouds, solar-type star forming regions, and circumstellar envelopes) and is also abundant in the upper...
A combined crossed molecular beam and theorerical study of the O(P,D) + acrylonitrile (CHCHCN) reactions and implications for combustion and extraterrestrial environments.
Acrylonitrile (CHCHCN) is ubiquitous in space (molecular clouds, solar-type star forming regions, and circumstellar envelopes) and is also abundant in the upper atmosphere of Titan. The reaction O(P) + CHCHCN can be of relevance in the chemistry of the interstellar medium because of the abundance of atomic oxygen. The oxidation of acrylonitrile is also important in combustion as the thermal decomposition of pyrrolic and pyridinic structures present in fuel-bound nitrogen generates many nitrogen-bearing compounds, including acrylonitrile. Despite its relevance, limited information exists on this reaction. We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the reactions of acrylonitrile with both ground P and excited D atomic oxygen. From product angular and time-of-flight distributions in crossed molecular beam experiments with mass spectrometric detection at a collision energy, , of 31.4 kJ mol, we have identified the primary reaction products and determined their branching fractions (BFs). Theoretical calculations of the relevant triplet and singlet potential energy surfaces (PESs) were performed to interpret the experimental results and elucidate the reaction mechanism. Adiabatic statistical calculations of product BFs for the decomposition of the main triplet and singlet intermediates have been carried out. Combining the experimental and theoretical results, we conclude that the O(P) reaction leads to two main product channels: (i) CHCNH (ketenimine) + CO (dominant with a BF of 0.87 ± 0.05), formed efficient intersystem crossing from the entrance triplet PES to the underlying singlet PES, and (ii) HCOCHCN + H (minor, with a BF of 0.13 ± 0.05), occurring adiabatically on the triplet PES. Our study suggests the inclusion of this reaction as a possible destruction pathway of CHCHCN and a possible formation route of CHCNH in the interstellar medium. The O(D) + CHCHCN reaction mainly leads to the formation of CHCNH + CO adiabatically on the singlet PES. This result can improve models related to the chemistry of interstellar ice and cometary comas, where O(D) reactions can play a role. Overall, our results are expected to be useful for improving the models of combustion and extraterrestrial environments.
PubMed: 37469256
DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01558k