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Biomolecules Jan 2021The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology...
The discovery and development of actinomycete secondary metabolites (ASMs) have played pivotal roles in the fields of human medicine and its related biotechnology sectors over the past several decades [...].
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Biotechnology; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Drug Discovery; Humans; Multigene Family; Streptomyces
PubMed: 33494267
DOI: 10.3390/biom11020134 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
Practical Neurology Oct 2021Lemierre's syndrome is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that follows an oropharyngeal infection, typically from and usually affects healthy adolescents...
Lemierre's syndrome is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that follows an oropharyngeal infection, typically from and usually affects healthy adolescents or young adults. The characteristic features are septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and septic embolism leading to multiorgan involvement, commonly the brain, lungs and bones. We report a man with presenting symptoms suggesting hemicrania continua, whose initial imaging showed no features of dural venous sinus or jugular thrombosis. Two weeks later, he had fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy and grew from peripheral blood cultures. Further imaging identified thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and cerebral venous sinuses, with multifocal cavitating lung lesions. Following antibiotics and anticoagulation, he recovered without residual deficits. Lemierre's syndrome when recognised and treated early has a good prognosis but delayed treatment may result in significant morbidity or mortality.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adolescent; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Male; Thrombophlebitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 33963085
DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-002928 -
Precision Clinical Medicine Jun 2023Observational studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms and a causal relationship have not been...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms and a causal relationship have not been established. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the possible causal association between gut microbiota and sarcopenia-related traits, including low hand-grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM), to shed light on the gut-muscle axis.
METHODS
To investigate the potential impact of gut microbiota on low hand-grip strength and ALM, we utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota, low hand-grip strength, and ALM. The primary MR analysis employed the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To assess the robustness, we conducted sensitivity analyses using the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test to detect and correct for horizontal pleiotropy, as well as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out analysis.
RESULTS
, and were positively associated with the risk of low hand-grip strength (-values < 0.05). were negatively associated with low hand-grip strength (-values < 0.05). Eight bacterial taxa (, and were associated with a higher risk of ALM (-values < 0.05). group was negatively associated with ALM (-values < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We found several gut microbiota components causally associated with sarcopenia-related traits. Our findings provided insights into novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia through the regulation of the gut microbiota, contributing to a better understanding of the gut-muscle axis.
PubMed: 37324750
DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad010 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Oct 2019Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection, caused by the genus Actinomyces, commensal of the digestive and genital tract. The most common presentation of the disease affects the cervicofacial region, but other anatomical sites in the abdomen, thorax and central nervous system may be involved. Differential diagnosis includes neoplasia. Prolonged culture of deep samples in an anaerobic environment is the gold standard of the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is intravenous penicillin G followed by oral amoxicillin for a total duration of 6 to 12 months. However, depending on the location and response to antibiotics, shorter therapy may be considered.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Neoplasms; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 31599519
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Jun 2021Natural product derived pesticides have increased in popularity worldwide because of their high efficacy, eco-friendly nature and favorable safety profile. The... (Review)
Review
Natural product derived pesticides have increased in popularity worldwide because of their high efficacy, eco-friendly nature and favorable safety profile. The development of polyketide pesticides from actinomycetes reflects this increase in popularity in the past decades. These pesticides, which include avermectins, spinosyns, polynactins, tetramycin and their analogues, have been successfully applied in crop protection. Moreover, the advance of biotechnology has led to continuous improvement in the discovery and production processes. In this review, we summarize these polyketide pesticides, their activities and provide insight into their development. We also discuss engineering strategies and the current status of industrial production for these pesticides. Given that actinomycetes are known to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, the description of pesticide development and high yield strain improvement presented herein will facilitate further development of these valuable polyketide pesticides from actinomycetes.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Pesticides; Polyketides
PubMed: 34102376
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.05.006 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2021
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Abdominal Pain; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Female; Fever; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Uterus
PubMed: 34469649
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2102632 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Dec 2020
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Aged; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Inflammation; Lung; Male
PubMed: 32501649
DOI: 10.1002/dc.24512 -
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Sep 2022Actinomycosis is a rare, indolent and invasive infection caused by Actinomyces species. Actinomycosis develops when there is disruption of the mucosal barrier, and... (Review)
Review
Actinomycosis is a rare, indolent and invasive infection caused by Actinomyces species. Actinomycosis develops when there is disruption of the mucosal barrier, and invasion and systemic spread of the organism, which can lead to endogenous infection affecting numerous organs. It is known to spread in tissue through fascial planes and most often involves the cervicofacial (55%), abdominopelvic (20%) and thoracic (15%) soft tissue. Pulmonary actinomycosis is rare in patients under the age of five years, with the median reported age in the fifth decade. Clinical findings include chest wall mass (49%), cough (40%), pain (back, chest, shoulders) (36%), weight loss (19%), fever (19%), Draining sinuses (15%) and hemoptysis (9%). Chest x-ray findings in pulmonary actinomycosis are mostly nonspecific and can overlap with pulmonary tuberculosis, foreign body aspiration and malignancy. Endobronchial tissue aggregates may show sulphur granules, with yellow to white conglomerate areas of gram positive Actinomyces. Removal or biopsy of these large endobronchial masses must be done with care, because of the risk of bleeding and large airway obstruction. The cytology on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may show Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive stain, ZN negative and Gram-positive filamentous bacilli which is morphologically suggestive of Actinomycosis. Actinomyces spp is highly susceptible to beta lactam antibiotics, penicillin G, and amoxicillin. A minimum of 3-6 months is needed but up to 20 months of treatment may be needed. Early diagnosis and correct treatment can lead to a good prognosis with a low mortality.
Topics: Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Periodic Acid; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Penicillin G; Amoxicillin; Sulfur
PubMed: 34610895
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.09.001 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Feb 2022Rare actinomycetes are a source of numerous diverse, biologically active secondary metabolites, including macrolides, which have been shown to display several antibiotic... (Review)
Review
Rare actinomycetes are a source of numerous diverse, biologically active secondary metabolites, including macrolides, which have been shown to display several antibiotic activities. The bioactivities and representative structures of 26 groups of macrolides from rare actinomycetes are presented in this review. The most interesting groups, with a wide range of biological activities, are ammocidins, bafilomycins, neomaclafungins, rosaramicins, spinosyns, and tiacumicins. Most macrolides are from the genus, Micromonospora, with smaller contributions from genera such as Saccharothrix, Amycolatopsis, Nocardiopsis and Catenulispora. These macrolides display unique cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-trypanosomal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial and anti-herpetic activity. Considering their bioactivities and diverse structures, macrolides from rare actinomycetes warrant further investigation for future applications in medicine. This work highlights the bioactivities and structures of important classes of macrolides from rare actinomycetes that are already marketed or could be used in medicine in the future.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Macrolides
PubMed: 35041941
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106523