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International Journal of Pediatric... Jul 2021Arcanobacterium haemolyticum causes pharyngotonsillitis in children and young adults. It is rarely isolated in pharyngeal swabs as testing for it is not routine. Data on... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum causes pharyngotonsillitis in children and young adults. It is rarely isolated in pharyngeal swabs as testing for it is not routine. Data on complications, management, and antibiotic susceptibility testing is limited. We sought to review the available literature on the presentation and management of A. haemolyticum pharyngotonsillitis in this age group.
METHODS
A systematic review of eligible studies reporting pharyngotonsillitis and related complications in children and young adults caused by A. haemolyticum was conducted. Literature from case reports, case series, and available cohorts was compiled. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
The initial database search yielded 63 articles, after applying exclusion criteria 17 studies were included. 191 patients were identified with a median age of 16.5 years. The most common presentation was throat pain reported in 93.7% of patients. Tonsillar exudates, fever at presentation and rash were present in more than half of the reviewed cases. The diagnosis was established by a positive culture on a pharyngeal swab in 98.8% of swabs collected. Complications described included peritonsillar abscesses, Lemierre's syndrome, pneumonia, and sepsis. Penicillin was the first line antibiotic in 81% of patients followed by macrolides in 19 patients (18%).
CONCLUSIONS
A. haemolyticum occurs in children and young adults and may result in complications. Our review supports its susceptibility to penicillin. We suggest a diagnostic and management algorithm to guide clinicians in targeted testing and aid with decision making regarding timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy, in an effort to reduce the burden of its complications.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adolescent; Algorithms; Arcanobacterium; Child; Humans; Pharyngitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 34038812
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110759 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Dec 2020We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The...
We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The patient's blood pressure was low, with good blood perfusion and no jaundice, and her abdomen was soft and tender in the right hypochondriac and lateral region, with no guarding. Laboratory tests showed: blood glucose level of 201 mg/dl, 362 U/l AST, 237 U/l ALT, 2.5 mg/dl bilirubin, 237 U/l alkaline phosphatase and leukocytosis associated with a left shift. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed a collection of echogenic material and a shadow suggestive of air in hepatic segment 3. Meropenem and metronidazole treatment was started after taking blood cultures, which were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a liver abscess in segment 3, containing a high-density linear image.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcanobacterium; Female; Humans; Liver Abscess; Metronidazole; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33054279
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.7029/2020 -
Environmental Technology Apr 2023Actinomycetes are versatile about their metabolism, displaying high capacity to produce bioactive metabolites. Enzymes from actinomycetes represent new opportunities for...
Actinomycetes are versatile about their metabolism, displaying high capacity to produce bioactive metabolites. Enzymes from actinomycetes represent new opportunities for industrial applications. However, proteases from actinomycetes are poorly described by literature. Thereby, to verify proteolytic potential of actinomycetes, the present study aimed the investigation of bacterial isolates from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest rhizosphere. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide libraries were adopted for the evaluations, since they are faster and more qualitative methods, if compared with others described by most reports. A total of 52 microorganisms were inoculated in different culture media (PMB, potato dextrose agar, brain heart infusion agar, Starch Casein Agar and Reasoner's 2A agar), temperatures (12, 20, 30, 37, 45 and 60°C), and saline conditions (0-4 M NaCl), during 7 days. The actinomycetes named as AC 01, 02 and 52 were selected and showed enzymatic abilities under the peptide probes Abz-KLSSKQ-EDDnp and Abz-KLSSKQ-EDDnp, achieving enhanced performance at 30 °C. Biochemical parameters were established, showing a predominance of alkaline proteases with activity under saline conditions. Secreted proteases hydrolysed preferentially polar uncharged residues (Y and N) and positively charged groups (R). Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibited the proteins, a characteristic of serine (AC 01 e 02) and metalloproteases (AC 52). All selected strains belonged to genera. In summary, actinomycete strains with halophilic proteolytic abilities were selected, which improve possibilities for their use in detergent formulations, food processing, waste management and industrial bioconversion. It is important to highlight that this is the first report using FRET libraries for proteolytic screening from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest actinobacteria.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Peptide Hydrolases; Actinomyces; Agar; Soil; Culture Media
PubMed: 34783646
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2008015 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2020Recently, it was suggested that the nitrite (NO) produced from NO by oral bacteria might contribute to oral and general health. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the...
Recently, it was suggested that the nitrite (NO) produced from NO by oral bacteria might contribute to oral and general health. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the detailed information about the bacterial NO-production in the oral biofilm. Dental plaque and tongue-coating samples were collected, then the NO-producing activity was measured. Furthermore, the composition of the NO-producing bacterial population were identified using the Griess reagent-containing agar overlay method and molecular biological method. NO-producing activity per mg wet weight varied among individuals but was higher in dental plaque. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria exhibited higher numbers of NO-producing bacteria, except in the adults' dental plaque. The proportion of NO-producing bacteria also varied among individuals, but a positive correlation was found between NO-producing activity and the number of NO-producing bacteria, especially in dental plaque. Overall, the major NO-producing bacteria were identified as Actinomyces, Schaalia, Veillonella and Neisseria. Furthermore, Rothia was specifically detected in the tongue coatings of children. These results suggest that dental plaque has higher NO-producing activity and that this activity depends not on the presence of specific bacteria or the bacterial compositions, but on the number of NO-producing bacteria, although interindividual differences were detected.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetaceae; Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Mouth; Neisseria; Nitrites; Veillonella; Young Adult
PubMed: 33024169
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73479-1 -
Cancer Research Communications Dec 2022The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the...
The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the associations between carbohydrate and glycemic index (GI) with oral microbiome composition in 834 non-diabetic subjects from the NCI-PLCO and ACS-CPSII cohorts. The oral microbiome was characterized using 16Sv3-4 rRNA-sequencing from oral mouthwash samples. Daily carbohydrate and GI were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. We used linear regression, permutational MANOVA, and negative binomial Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to test associations of diet with α- and β-diversity and taxon abundance (adjusting for age, sex, cohort, BMI, smoking, caloric intake, and alcohol). A q-value (FDR-adjusted P-value) of <0.05 was considered significant. Oral bacterial α-diversity trended higher in participants in the highest quintiles of carbohydrate intake, with marginally increased richness and Shannon diversity (p-trend=0.06 and 0.07). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with greater abundance of class Fusobacteriia (q=0.02) and genus (q=0.01) and with lesser abundance of an Actinomyces OTU (q=4.7E-04). Higher GI was significantly related to greater abundance of genus Gemella (q=0.001). This large, nationwide study provides evidence that diets high in carbohydrates and GI may influence the oral microbiome.
Topics: Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycemic Index; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mouth; Cohort Studies; United States; Glycemic Load; Leptotrichia; Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; Surveys and Questionnaires; Actinomyces; Gemella; Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 36567732
DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0323 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the gut microbiota characteristics among different types of obese patients, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide novel insights for obesity treatment.
METHODS
Two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess causal relationships between gut microbiota and various obesity subtypes. Gut microbiota data were obtained from the international consortium MiBioGen, and data on obese individuals were sourced from the Finnish National Biobank FinnGen. Eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Various analytical methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, MR-RAPS, and Lasso regression, were applied. Sensitivity analyses for quality control included MR-Egger intercept tests, Cochran's Q tests, and leave-one-out analyses and others.
RESULTS
Mendelian randomization studies revealed distinct gut microbiota profiles among European populations with different obesity subtypes. Following multivariable MR analysis, we found that [: 0.842, : 0.766-0.926, Adjusted value: 0.028] independently reduced the risk of obesity induced by excessive calorie intake, while [: 4.252, : 2.177-8.307, Adjusted value: 0.002] independently increased the risk of medication-induced obesity. For localized adiposity, [: 0.213, : 0.115-0.395, Adjusted value: <0.001] acted as a protective factor. In the case of extreme obesity with alveolar hypoventilation, [: 0.724, : 0.609-0.860, Adjusted value: 0.035] reduced the risk of its occurrence. Additionally, six gut microbiota may have potential roles in the onset of different types of obesity. Specifically, the torques group may increase the risk of its occurrence. and may serve as protective factors in the onset of Drug-induced obesity. , , and , on the other hand, could potentially increase the risk of Drug-induced obesity. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among SNPs was found in the above studies (all values for Q test and MR-Egger intercept > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiota abundance is causally related to obesity, with distinct gut microbiota profiles observed among different obesity subtypes. Four bacterial species, including , , and independently influence the development of various types of obesity. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation may represent a novel approach in future obesity management.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Obesity; Actinomycetaceae; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiales; Lactobacillus; Nonoxynol; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38375360
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352109 -
Medicina 2023
Topics: Humans; Actinomycetaceae; Carcinoma
PubMed: 37094213
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Environmental Management Dec 2022Rhodococcus is a genus of actinomycetes that has been explored by the scientific community for different purposes, especially for bioremediation uses. However, the... (Review)
Review
Rhodococcus is a genus of actinomycetes that has been explored by the scientific community for different purposes, especially for bioremediation uses. However, the mechanisms governing Rhodococcus-mediated bioremediation processes are far from being fully elucidated. In this sense, this work aimed to compile the recent advances in the use of Rhodococcus for the bioremediation of organic and inorganic contaminants present in different environmental compartments. We reviewed the bioremediation capacity and mechanisms of Rhodococcus spp. in the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic substances, emerging contaminants, heavy metals, and dyes given their human health risks and environmental concern. Different bioremediation techniques were discussed, including experimental conditions, treatment efficiencies, mechanisms, and degradation pathways. The use of Rhodococcus strains in the bioremediation of several compounds is a promising approach due to their features, primarily the presence of appropriate enzyme systems, which result in high decontamination efficiencies; but that vary according to experimental conditions. Besides, the genus Rhodococcus contains a small number of opportunistic species and pathogens, representing an advantage from the point of view of safety. Advances in analytical detection techniques and Molecular Biology have been collaborating to improve the understanding of the mechanisms and pathways involved in bioremediation processes. In the context of using Rhodococcus spp. as bioremediation agents, there is a need for more studies that 1) evaluate the role of these actinomycetes on a pilot and field scale; 2) use genetic engineering tools and consortia with other microorganisms to improve the bioremediation efficiency; and 3) isolate new Rhodococcus strains from environments with extreme and/or contaminated conditions aiming to explore their adaptive capabilities for bioremediation purposes.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Humans; Metals, Heavy; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Rhodococcus
PubMed: 36116255
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116220 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2021Two rod-shaped and Gram-stain-positive bacteria (strains C64 and C62) were isolated in 2020 from faeces of greater white-fronted geese () from Poyang Lake, PR China....
Two rod-shaped and Gram-stain-positive bacteria (strains C64 and C62) were isolated in 2020 from faeces of greater white-fronted geese () from Poyang Lake, PR China. Their optimal growth conditions were at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The two isolates showed a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to DSM 19116 (92.1 %). Phylogenetic/phylogenomic analyses indicated that strains C64 and C62 clustered independently in the vicinity of the genera , and within the family , but could not be classified clearly as members of any of these known genera. The average amino acid identity values between our isolates and available genomes of members of the family were around the genus threshold value (45-65 %). The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were Cω and C. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and cardiolipin. The amino acid composition of peptidoglycan contained alanine, glutamic acid and glycine. The major respiratory menaquinones were MK-8(H) and MK-9(H). The whole cell sugars included galactose, arabinose and glucose. On the basis of the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequences comparison, whole-genome phylogenomic analysis, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strains C64 and C62 represent a novel species belonging to a novel genus within the family , for which the name gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C64 (=CGMCC 1.18410=GDMCC 1.1969=KCTC 49511=KACC 22143).
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Geese; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 34431769
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004978 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2021is a highly prevalent human-specific pathogen that causes various gastric diseases. In the present study, ZJ316, which could survive well in simulated gastrointestinal...
is a highly prevalent human-specific pathogen that causes various gastric diseases. In the present study, ZJ316, which could survive well in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, was found to have significant anti- ability. Animal assays revealed that ZJ316 had preventive and therapeutic effects on -induced gastritis. ZJ316 significantly decreased interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, increased the IL-10 level, and repaired mucosal damage. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of could be significantly reduced by ZJ316 administration. Members of the families Dehalobacteriaceae and Geodermatophilaceae were more prevalent in the prevention group, while Lactobacillaceae and Actinomycetaceae were more prevalent in the treatment group. These results indicate that ZJ316 serves as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of -induced gastritis by regulating the gastric microbiota and reducing mucosal inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Lactobacillus plantarum; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34096709
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01070