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Cancer Research Communications Dec 2022The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the...
The human oral microbiome is associated with chronic diseases including cancer. However, our understanding of its relationship with diet is limited. We assessed the associations between carbohydrate and glycemic index (GI) with oral microbiome composition in 834 non-diabetic subjects from the NCI-PLCO and ACS-CPSII cohorts. The oral microbiome was characterized using 16Sv3-4 rRNA-sequencing from oral mouthwash samples. Daily carbohydrate and GI were assessed from food frequency questionnaires. We used linear regression, permutational MANOVA, and negative binomial Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to test associations of diet with α- and β-diversity and taxon abundance (adjusting for age, sex, cohort, BMI, smoking, caloric intake, and alcohol). A q-value (FDR-adjusted P-value) of <0.05 was considered significant. Oral bacterial α-diversity trended higher in participants in the highest quintiles of carbohydrate intake, with marginally increased richness and Shannon diversity (p-trend=0.06 and 0.07). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with greater abundance of class Fusobacteriia (q=0.02) and genus (q=0.01) and with lesser abundance of an Actinomyces OTU (q=4.7E-04). Higher GI was significantly related to greater abundance of genus Gemella (q=0.001). This large, nationwide study provides evidence that diets high in carbohydrates and GI may influence the oral microbiome.
Topics: Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycemic Index; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mouth; Cohort Studies; United States; Glycemic Load; Leptotrichia; Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; Surveys and Questionnaires; Actinomyces; Gemella; Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 36567732
DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0323 -
Odontology Oct 2021The purpose is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (Nanografi, METU Teknokent, Ankara, Turkey) mixed with calcium hydroxide...
The purpose is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (Nanografi, METU Teknokent, Ankara, Turkey) mixed with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) (Ultracal XS, Ultradent, St Louis, US) or chlorhexidine gel (CHX) (Gluco-Chex, Cerkamed, Stalowa Wola, Poland) against a multispecies biofilm, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and culture-based analysis. Dentine blocks were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces naeslundii for 1 week. Infected dentine blocks were randomly divided into groups according to medication; saline solution (SS), Ca(OH), Ca(OH) + AgNP, 2%CHX gel and 2%CHX gel + AgNP and time of application: 1 and 7 days (all groups, n = 5). Bacterial samples were collected before and after medication to quantify the bacterial load. Biofilm elimination was quantitatively analyzed by Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability staining and CLSM. The addition of AgNPs to Ca(OH) increased the effectiveness of medicament in terms of bacterial reduction in both application times (1 and 7 days) (p < 0.05: ANOVA, Tukey's test) according to culture-based analysis. The CLSM images revealed that mixture of AgNP with CHX killed significantly more bacteria when compared with all other medicaments at 1- and 7-day application times (p < 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively: Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn post hoc tests). The efficacy of Ca(OH) mixed with AgNPs was superior to Ca(OH) used alone in both application times (p < 0.05) according to CLSM analysis. The present study put forth the potential use of AgNPs mixed with Ca(OH) or CHX on multispecies (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces naeslundii) biofilm in 1 and 7day application periods.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dentin; Metal Nanoparticles; Root Canal Irrigants; Silver
PubMed: 34047872
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00601-8 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2020Actinomyces oris is an early colonizer and has two types of fimbriae on its cell surface, type 1 fimbriae (FimP and FimQ) and type 2 fimbriae (FimA and FimB), which...
Short chain fatty acids induced the type 1 and type 2 fimbrillin-dependent and fimbrillin-independent initial attachment and colonization of Actinomyces oris monoculture but not coculture with streptococci.
BACKGROUND
Actinomyces oris is an early colonizer and has two types of fimbriae on its cell surface, type 1 fimbriae (FimP and FimQ) and type 2 fimbriae (FimA and FimB), which contribute to the attachment and coaggregation with other bacteria and the formation of biofilm on the tooth surface, respectively. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic products of oral bacteria including A. oris and regulate pH in dental plaques. To clarify the relationship between SCFAs and fimbrillins, effects of SCFAs on the initial attachment and colonization (INAC) assay using A. oris wild type and fimbriae mutants was investigated. INAC assays using A. oris MG1 strain cells were performed with SCFAs (acetic, butyric, propionic, valeric and lactic acids) or a mixture of them on human saliva-coated 6-well plates incubated in TSB with 0.25% sucrose for 1 h. The INAC was assessed by staining live and dead cells that were visualized with a confocal microscope.
RESULTS
Among the SCFAs, acetic, butyric and propionic acids and a mixture of acetic, butyric and propionic acids induced the type 1 and type 2 fimbriae-dependent and independent INAC by live A. oris, but these cells did not interact with streptococci. The main effects might be dependent on the levels of the non-ionized acid forms of the SCFAs in acidic stress conditions. GroEL was also found to be a contributor to the FimA-independent INAC by live A. oris cells stimulated with non-ionized acid.
CONCLUSION
SCFAs affect the INAC-associated activities of the A. oris fimbrillins and non-fimbrillins during ionized and non-ionized acid formations in the form of co-culturing with other bacteria in the dental plaque but not impact the interaction of A. oris with streptococci.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fimbriae Proteins; Gene Deletion; Microbial Interactions; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33129273
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01976-4 -
BMC Oral Health May 2021Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent...
BACKGROUND
Subgingival microbiome in disease-associated subgingival sites is known to be dysbiotic and significantly altered. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the extent of dysbiosis in disease- and health-associated subgingival sites is not clear.
METHODS
8 RA and 10 non-RA subjects were recruited for this pilot study. All subjects received full oral examination and underwent collection of subgingival plaque samples from both shallow (periodontal health-associated, probing depth ≤ 3mm) and deep subgingival sites (periodontal disease-associated, probing depth ≥ 4 mm). RA subjects also had rheumatological evaluation. Plaque community profiles were analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The phylogenetic diversity of microbial communities in both RA and non-RA controls was significantly higher in deep subgingival sites compared to shallow sites (p = 0.022), and the overall subgingival microbiome clustered primarily according to probing depth (i.e. shallow versus deep sites), and not separated by RA status. While a large number of differentially abundant taxa and gene functions was observed between deep and shallow sites as expected in non-RA controls, we found very few differentially abundant taxa and gene functions between deep and shallow sites in RA subjects. In addition, compared to non-RA controls, the UniFrac distances between deep and shallow sites in RA subjects were smaller, suggesting increased similarity between deep and shallow subgingival microbiome in RA. Streptococcus parasanguinis and Actinomyces meyeri were overabundant in RA subjects, while Gemella morbillorum, Kingella denitrificans, Prevotella melaninogenica and Leptotrichia spp. were more abundant in non-RA subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
The aggregate subgingival microbiome was not significantly different between individuals with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Although the differences in the overall subgingival microbiome was driven primarily by probing depth, in contrast to the substantial microbiome differences typically seen between deep and shallow sites in non-RA patients, the microbiome of deep and shallow sites in RA patients were more similar to each other. These results suggest that factors associated with RA may modulate the ecology of subgingival microbiome and its relationship to periodontal disease, the basis of which remains unknown but warrants further investigation.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gemella; Humans; Kingella; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Pilot Projects; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33964928
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01597-x -
International Urogynecology Journal Nov 2021There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding the clinical impact and treatment of histologically positive actinomycosis explanted vaginal mesh. We aimed...
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding the clinical impact and treatment of histologically positive actinomycosis explanted vaginal mesh. We aimed to report the prevalence and independent predicators of Actinomyces presence in explanted meshes on histology and to compare the clinical course in those with and without Actinomyces. Our hypothesis is that Actinomyces may act as a commensal rather than a pathogen when identified in extracted transvaginal meshes.
METHODS
A single-center retrospective review of explanted vaginal mesh removed between 2013 and 2018 was undertaken and compared Actinomyces-positive and -negative cohorts on histology. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated possible risk factors for positive Actinomyces including patient demographics, smoking, diabetes, hormone replacement therapy (vaginal/systemic), hysterectomy in primary surgery, rate and indication for prior mesh removal. The rate of symptom resolution or need for subsequent mesh excisions is compared between the two cohorts.
RESULTS
Actinomycosis was identified in 11% (31/278) of explanted mesh. After multivariant analysis, only voiding dysfunction as an indication for mesh removal was statistically significantly associated with Actinomyces-negative histology (14 vs 0%, p < 0.001). At median review of 17 months, symptom resolution (87% vs 83% p = 0.68) and need for subsequent mesh removal (13% vs 19%, p = 0.37) following index mesh excision were similar between the groups.
CONCLUSION
Actinomyces in explanted transvaginal mesh frequently acts as a commensal in those who are infection free. In this cohort, individualized care including conservative surveillance without antibiotics or full explantation is reasonable.
Topics: Actinomyces; Device Removal; Female; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Mesh; Vagina
PubMed: 33416964
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04610-z -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Nov 2023In the search for novel therapeutics to combat the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis, scientists are turning to underexplored environments. Defensive mutualisms...
In the search for novel therapeutics to combat the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis, scientists are turning to underexplored environments. Defensive mutualisms between hymenopteran insects and actinomycetes represent important reservoirs for bioactive compounds. In this study, we examined the association between actinomycetes and ant-plants spanning three different ant and plant species combinations (, and ). Eight plants were sampled including four containing three containing and a single plant containing . A total of 47 actinomycetes were obtained from the sampled material, with 5, 16, and 26 isolates originating from cuticle, tissue, and nest samples, respectively. Cross-streaking tests showed that 12 out of 47 isolates inhibited bacterial pathogens. The most frequently inhibited pathogens in the cross-streaking tests were and while was the least inhibited. Among the three primary screening media used, ISP2 agar was the most suitable for secondary metabolism as more isolates exhibited antibacterial activity when grown on the medium. TFS2010 and TFS2003, which matched to (>99% similarity), were the most bioactive isolates in cross-streaking tests. TFS2010 displayed the strong antibacterial on Nutrient agar, Mueller Hinton agar, and ISP2 agar while TFS2003 only exhibited strong antibacterial activity on Nutrient agar. Furthermore, a difference in potency of extracts based on batch culture medium was noted in TFS2010 DNA was extracted from 19 isolates and followed by 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of sequence data revealed the presence of six genera, including , , , , , and , with the latter being the most abundant taxon. Among these, three isolates (PNS3002, PNS3005, and TFS3001) are likely to represent new species while one (TFS2015) is likely to be a member of a novel genus. Our work represents the first attempt to study actinomycetes from -ant mutualisms.
Topics: Animals; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Ants; Agar; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37938888
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001410 -
Journal of Periodontology Jun 2024This study determined the prevalence of aggressive (molar-incisor pattern) (Ag/MI) periodontitis and assessed the associated subgingival bacterial-herpesvirus microbiota...
BACKGROUND
This study determined the prevalence of aggressive (molar-incisor pattern) (Ag/MI) periodontitis and assessed the associated subgingival bacterial-herpesvirus microbiota in Pueblo Indian adolescents in the southwestern United States.
METHODS
The study included 240 Pueblo Indian adolescents, aged 13-20 years old, residing in three Rio Grande River villages in New Mexico and the Hopi Pueblo reservation in Arizona. Adolescents with Ag/MI periodontitis or periodontal health provided subgingival samples for culture of bacterial pathogens and for polymerase chain reaction detection of periodontal herpesviruses.
RESULTS
Ag/MI periodontitis was detected in 22 (9.2%) Pueblo Indian adolescents, with 21 exhibiting a localized molar-incisor breakdown pattern. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and other red/orange complex bacterial pathogens predominated in Ag/MI periodontitis, whereas periodontal health yielded mainly viridans streptococci and Actinomyces species. Periodontal herpesviruses demonstrated a 3.5 odds ratio relationship with Ag/MI periodontitis. The only adolescent with generalized Ag/MI periodontitis harbored viral co-infection by cytomegalovirus plus Epstein-Barr virus Type 1, in addition to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and several other periodontopathic bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Pueblo Indian adolescents showed an unusually high prevalence of early-age Ag/MI periodontitis predominated by periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses suspected to be major etiologic agents of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Male; Female; Aggressive Periodontitis; Indians, North American; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Arizona; New Mexico; Cytomegalovirus; Actinomyces; Viridans Streptococci; Prevalence; Coinfection; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Herpesviridae
PubMed: 37910464
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.23-0410 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Enteric dysbacteriosis is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying causal relationship remains unknown. Thus, the...
INTRODUCTION
Enteric dysbacteriosis is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying causal relationship remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD using Mendelian randomization (MR) and analyze the target genes potentially regulated by specific microbiota.
METHODS
Bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW) supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Data were pooled from gut microbiota and NAFLD association studies. The least absolute shrinkage, selection operator regression, and the Support Vector Machine algorithm were used to identify genes regulated by these intestinal flora in NAFLD. The liver expression of these genes was verified in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice.
RESULTS
IVW results confirmed a causal relationship between eight specific gut microbes and NAFLD. Notably, the order Actinomycetales, NB1n, the family Actinomycetaceae, Oxalobacteraceae and the genus were positively correlated, whereas Lactobacillaceae, the , and were negatively correlated with NAFLD onset. In NAFLD, these eight bacteria regulated four genes: colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor β, fucosyltransferase 2, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 14, and microtubule affinity regulatory kinase 3 (). All genes, except , were differentially expressed in the liver tissues of MCD diet-fed mice.
DISCUSSION
The abundance of eight gut microbiota species and NAFLD progression displayed a causal relationship based on the expression of the four target genes. Our findings contributed to the advancement of intestinal microecology-based diagnostic technologies and targeted therapies for NAFLD.
PubMed: 38260910
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320279 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2019is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using...
is a gram-positive amorphous bacillus and was discovered in the Russian space station 'Mir' in 1997. It shows phylogenetic similarity to , and as determined using 16 s ribosomal RNA gene analysis is classified as a bacteria of the genus It was found to colonise in the human oral cavity, and there are some infectious reports but none specifies gynaecological infection. A 57-year-old woman, who had been continuously using intrauterine contraceptive device, presented with fever and lower abdominal pain. She was suspected tube-ovarian abscess caused by , but the uterine cavity culture revealed infection. Considering surgical treatment, conservative treatment by intravenous benzylpenicillin and subsequently oral ampicillin for 6 months improved the abscess, and she has no recurrence for over 1 year.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Abscess; Actinomyces; Administration, Intravenous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Fever; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Ovarian Diseases; Penicillin G; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31466967
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-229017 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2022Ribosomal engineering is a technique that can improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the antibiotics-resistant mutants by attacking the bacterial RNA... (Review)
Review
Ribosomal engineering is a technique that can improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the antibiotics-resistant mutants by attacking the bacterial RNA polymerase or ribosome units using the corresponding antibiotics. Ribosomal engineering can be used to discover and increase the production of valuable bioactive secondary metabolites from almost all actinomycetes strains regardless of their genetic accessibility. As a consequence, ribosomal engineering has been widely applied to genome mining and production optimization of secondary metabolites in actinomycetes. To date, more than a dozen of new molecules were discovered and production of approximately 30 secondary metabolites were enhanced using actinomycetes mutant strains generated by ribosomal engineering. This review summarized the mechanism, development, and protocol of ribosomal engineering, highlighting the application of ribosomal engineering in actinomycetes, with the aim to facilitate future development of ribosomal engineering and discovery of actinomycetes secondary metabolites.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Multigene Family; Ribosomes
PubMed: 35234381
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210150