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Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023With the development of animal husbandry in China, the production of a large amount of livestock and poultry manure has become one of the main agricultural pollution...
With the development of animal husbandry in China, the production of a large amount of livestock and poultry manure has become one of the main agricultural pollution sources. High-temperature aerobic composting stands out as one of the most crucial methods for the safe and resourceful utilization of livestock and poultry manure, serving as an essential link between crop cultivation, animal breeding, and sustainable agricultural development. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the addition of exogenous multifunctional bacterial agents to compost reduces not only harmful emissions but also sequesters or increases essential nutrients. However, these efficacies depend on the specific functions of the bacteriophage itself, the harmonization and complementarity within the colony, and its ability to adapt to the environment. In recent years, relatively few studies have been conducted on actinomycetes. This experiment provides excellent actinomycete resources for the production of high-efficiency and high-quality compost compound microbial agents of manure and straw.
Topics: Animals; Composting; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Manure; Animal Husbandry; Poultry; Livestock; Soil
PubMed: 37905797
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02053-23 -
Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence,... Apr 2023Actinomycosis, is a slowly progressive infection that may mimic malignancy due to the invasiveness of tissues and the ability to form sinus tracts. Infective...
Actinomycosis, is a slowly progressive infection that may mimic malignancy due to the invasiveness of tissues and the ability to form sinus tracts. Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, even though there are scarce data of IE by spp. in the literature, a review adequately summarizing all available evidence on the topic in a systematic way is lacking. The aim of this study was to systematically review all cases of IE by spp. in the literature and describe the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of this infection. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane library (through 19 August 2021) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of IE by spp. was performed. A total of 31 studies providing data for 31 patients were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 12.9%, while the most common microorganism was . Aortic valve was the most commonly infected intracardiac site, followed by the mitral valve. Diagnosis was most commonly performed with transesophageal echocardiography, while the diagnosis was made at autopsy in 16.1%. Penicillin, cephalosporins and aminopenicillins were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Clinical cure was noted in 80.6%, while mortality was 19.4%. Development of heart failure was associated with mortality by IE. This systematic review thoroughly describes IE by and provides information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Mitral Valve; Actinomycosis
PubMed: 35383546
DOI: 10.1080/1120009X.2022.2061182 -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2022An obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterial strain; designated as CtC72 was isolated from the rumen of cattle. The...
An obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterial strain; designated as CtC72 was isolated from the rumen of cattle. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 98.65% revealed the strain as a member of the genus Actinomyces, nearest to but distinct from Actinomyces qiguomingii DSM 106201, Actinomyces ruminicola DSM 27982, Actinomyces procaprae JCM 33484, Actinomyces succiniciruminis TISTR 2317, Actinomyces glycerinitolerans TISTR 2318. The low values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization (< 70%) and average nucleotide identity (< 95%) further highlighted the distinctive nature of strain CtC72 from its closest relatives. The strain CtC72 could grow at temperatures between 30 and 50 °C (optimum 40 °C), pH between 6.0 and 9.0 (optimum 7.5-8.0), and NaCl between 0 and 1.5% (optimum 0%). The strain hydrolysed cellulose and xylan and utilised a range of mono-, di-, and oligo-saccharides as a source of carbon and energy. Glucose fermentation resulted in acetic acid and formic acid as major metabolic products, while propionic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol as minor products along with CO production. The DNA G + C content of strain CtC72 was 68.40 (mol%, T) and 68.05 (%, digital). Major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C, C ω9c and C ω9c DMA. Based on these data, we propose that strain CtC72 be classified as a novel species, Actinomyces ruminis sp. nov., under the genus Actinomyces. The type strain is CtC72 (= KCTC 15726 = JCM 32641 = MCC 3500).
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Rumen; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anaerobiosis; Base Composition; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Actinomyces
PubMed: 36459234
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03339-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Observational studies and animal experiments suggested potential relevance between gut microbiota (GM) and cervical cancer (CC), but the relevance of this association...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies and animal experiments suggested potential relevance between gut microbiota (GM) and cervical cancer (CC), but the relevance of this association remains to be clarified.
METHODS
We performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore whether there was a causal correlation between GM and CC, and the direction of causality.
RESULTS
In primary outcomes, we found that a higher abundance of and predicted higher risk of CC, and a higher abundance of and predicted lower risk of CC. During verifiable outcomes, we found that a higher abundance of and predicted a higher risk of CC, and a higher abundance of and predicted a lower risk of CC, and vice versa.
CONCLUSION
Our study implied a mutual causality between GM and CC, which provided a novel concept for the occurrence and development of CC, and might promote future functional or clinical analysis.
PubMed: 38419642
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336101 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2023Biofilm-associated infections are a global threat to our economy and human health; as such, development of antibiofilm compounds is an urgent need. Our previous study...
BACKGROUND
Biofilm-associated infections are a global threat to our economy and human health; as such, development of antibiofilm compounds is an urgent need. Our previous study identified eleven environmental isolates of endophyte bacteria, actinomycetes, and two strains of Vibrio cholerae as having strong antibiofilm activity, but only tested crude extracts from liquid culture. Here we grew the same bacteria in solid culture to induce the formation of colony biofilms and the expression of genes that may ultimately produce antibiofilm compounds. This research aimed to compare antibiofilm inhibition and destruction activities between liquid and solid cultures of these eleven environmental isolates against the biofilms of representative pathogenic bacteria.
RESULTS
We measured antibiofilm activity using the static antibiofilm assay and crystal violet staining. The majority of our isolates exhibited higher inhibitory antibiofilm activity in liquid media, including all endophyte bacteria, V. cholerae V15a, and actinomycetes strains (CW01, SW03, CW17). However, for V. cholerae strain B32 and two actinomycetes bacteria (TB12 and SW12), the solid crude extracts showed higher inhibitory activity. Regarding destructive antibiofilm activity, many endophyte isolates and V. cholerae strains showed no significant difference between culture methods; the exceptions were endophyte bacteria isolate JerF4 and V. cholerae B32. The liquid extract of isolate JerF4 showed higher destructive activity relative to the corresponding solid culture extract, while for V. cholerae strain B32 the solid extract showed higher activity against some biofilms of pathogenic bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Culture conditions, namely solid or liquid culture, can influence the activity of culture extracts against biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. We compared the antibiofilm activity and presented the data that majority of isolates showed a higher antibiofilm activity in liquid culture. Interestingly, solid extracts from three isolates (B32, TB12, and SW12) have a better inhibition or/and destruction antibiofilm activity compared to their liquid culture. Further research is needed to characterize the activities of specific metabolites in solid and liquid culture extracts and to determine the mechanisms of their antibiofilm actions.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio cholerae; Endophytes; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biofilms; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36991312
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02829-6 -
Environmental Technology Apr 2023Actinomycetes are versatile about their metabolism, displaying high capacity to produce bioactive metabolites. Enzymes from actinomycetes represent new opportunities for...
Actinomycetes are versatile about their metabolism, displaying high capacity to produce bioactive metabolites. Enzymes from actinomycetes represent new opportunities for industrial applications. However, proteases from actinomycetes are poorly described by literature. Thereby, to verify proteolytic potential of actinomycetes, the present study aimed the investigation of bacterial isolates from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest rhizosphere. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide libraries were adopted for the evaluations, since they are faster and more qualitative methods, if compared with others described by most reports. A total of 52 microorganisms were inoculated in different culture media (PMB, potato dextrose agar, brain heart infusion agar, Starch Casein Agar and Reasoner's 2A agar), temperatures (12, 20, 30, 37, 45 and 60°C), and saline conditions (0-4 M NaCl), during 7 days. The actinomycetes named as AC 01, 02 and 52 were selected and showed enzymatic abilities under the peptide probes Abz-KLSSKQ-EDDnp and Abz-KLSSKQ-EDDnp, achieving enhanced performance at 30 °C. Biochemical parameters were established, showing a predominance of alkaline proteases with activity under saline conditions. Secreted proteases hydrolysed preferentially polar uncharged residues (Y and N) and positively charged groups (R). Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibited the proteins, a characteristic of serine (AC 01 e 02) and metalloproteases (AC 52). All selected strains belonged to genera. In summary, actinomycete strains with halophilic proteolytic abilities were selected, which improve possibilities for their use in detergent formulations, food processing, waste management and industrial bioconversion. It is important to highlight that this is the first report using FRET libraries for proteolytic screening from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest actinobacteria.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Peptide Hydrolases; Actinomyces; Agar; Soil; Culture Media
PubMed: 34783646
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2008015 -
Oncology 2022Pathophysiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is still unclear, and disease development is associated with adverse reaction of bisphosphonates...
OBJECTIVES
Pathophysiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is still unclear, and disease development is associated with adverse reaction of bisphosphonates and denosumab, and Actinomyces spp. as well. In this study, we evaluated the abundance of Actinomyces spp. in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy compared to healthy controls.
METHODS
Oropharyngeal samples were collected from treatment-naive early-stage breast cancer patients, who were scheduled for standard of care therapy (eight samples throughout chemotherapy, one prior to radiotherapy and one after a year of start), as well as from healthy controls at matched timepoints. We quantified Actinomyces spp. in the samples with a highly sensitive and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Twenty-one patients and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled. Forty-eight percent of patients suffered from estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive or -negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative disease, 38% were HER2-positive, and 14% were triple-negative. Comparison of Actinomyces spp. loads in cancer patients and healthy controls did not reveal significant difference. Fluctuations on bacterial quantity were observed in both groups over time. Tumor receptor status or different chemotherapy schemes of patients were not correlated with a particular pattern on abundance of Actinomyces spp.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that Actinomyces spp. are not the initiative factors in MRONJ development. These bacteria are not altered in abundance during chemotherapy, but they behave opportunistic when there is a bone disruption in the oropharynx in the first place caused by antiresorptive drugs or dental trauma and proliferate in their new niche. Thus, Actinomyces spp. plays a latter role in MRONJ development, rather than a primary causative one.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans
PubMed: 35051923
DOI: 10.1159/000522070 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2023Two novel Gram-positive bacteria designated as strains STR2 and STR3 were isolated from the rhizosphere of a sample collected from Goyang-si, Republic of Korea. Strains...
Two novel Gram-positive bacteria designated as strains STR2 and STR3 were isolated from the rhizosphere of a sample collected from Goyang-si, Republic of Korea. Strains STR2 and STR3 were aerobic, rod shaped, non-sporulated, catalase negative, oxidase negative and non-motile bacteria. They grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-2% NaCl (optimum, 0 %, w/v). The chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics of the novel strains were consistent with those of the members of . The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that STR2 was closely related to YIM A1136 (99.3 %) and Y4 (99.1 %), and STR3 was closely related to DSM 22017 (99.0 %), G10 (98.8 %) and HFW-21 (98.7 %). The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of STR2 and STR3 with the most closely related strains that have publicly available whole genomes were 83.1-89.8 %, 80.9-89.6% and 26.2-39.1 %, respectively. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain STR2 and STR3 contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. The major fatty acids in STR2 and STR3 were iso-C and C ω8, and the predominant quinone was MK-8(H). Their polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and other polar lipids. The draft genome sequences showed that the genomic DNA G+C content of STR2 and STR3 were both 72.2 mol%. Physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence analysis clearly revealed that STR2 and STR3 could represent novel species. Their proposed names were as follows: sp. nov. for strain STR2 (=KACC 22784=TBRC 16336) and sp. nov. for strain STR3 (= KACC 22785=TBRC 16337).
Topics: Actinobacteria; Nocardioides; Actinomyces; Pinus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Amino Acids
PubMed: 37755157
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006062 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Nov 2021The non-spore forming Gram-positive actinomycetes Amycolatopsis keratiniphila subsp. keratiniphila D2 (DSM 44,409) has a high potential for keratin valorization as... (Review)
Review
The non-spore forming Gram-positive actinomycetes Amycolatopsis keratiniphila subsp. keratiniphila D2 (DSM 44,409) has a high potential for keratin valorization as demonstrated by a novel biotechnological microbial conversion process consisting of a bacterial growth phase and a keratinolytic phase, respectively. Compared to the most gifted keratinolytic Bacillus species, a very large number of 621 putative proteases are encoded by the genome of Amycolatopsis keratiniphila subsp. keratiniphila D2, as predicted by using Peptide Pattern Recognition (PPR) analysis. Proteome analysis by using LC-MS/MS on aliquots of the supernatant of A. keratiniphila subsp. keratiniphila D2 culture on slaughterhouse pig bristle meal, removed at 24, 48, 96 and 120 h of growth, identified 43 proteases. This was supplemented by proteome analysis of specific fractions after enrichment of the supernatant by anion exchange chromatography leading to identification of 50 proteases. Overall 57 different proteases were identified corresponding to 30% of the 186 proteins identified from the culture supernatant and distributed as 17 metalloproteases from 11 families, including an M36 protease, 38 serine proteases from 4 families, and 13 proteolytic enzymes from other families. Notably, M36 keratinolytic proteases are prominent in fungi, but seem not to have been discovered in bacteria previously. Two S01 family peptidases, named T- and C-like proteases, prominent in the culture supernatant, were purified and shown to possess a high azo-keratin/azo-casein hydrolytic activity ratio. The C-like protease revealed excellent thermostability, giving promise for successful applications in biorefinery processes. Notably, the bacterium seems not to secrete enzymes for cleavage of disulfides in the keratinous substrates. KEY POINTS: • A. keratiniphila subsp. keratiniphila D2 is predicted to encode 621 proteases. • This actinomycete efficiently converts bristle meal to a protein hydrolysate. • Proteome analysis identified 57 proteases in its secretome.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Amycolatopsis; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Keratins; Peptide Hydrolases; Serine Proteases; Swine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34605969
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11579-2 -
Future Microbiology Nov 2022We characterize the epidemiology of within a large Canadian region after implementation of improved identification methods. Positive cultures for from a centralized...
We characterize the epidemiology of within a large Canadian region after implementation of improved identification methods. Positive cultures for from a centralized microbiology laboratory in Canada were analyzed. Clinical data were retrieved through administrative databases and chart reviews. Primary outcome was incidence of infections; secondary outcomes included mortality, hospital admission and length of stay. 86 unique isolates were studied, 37 bloodstream infections (BSI) and 49 non-BSIs. Patients with BSIs were older with more comorbidities, with urinary tract infections implicated as the most frequent source; skin abscesses caused the most non-BSIs. Hospitalization and 90-day mortality was higher in the BSI group. is an important community-acquired pathogen with the potential to cause invasive infections.
Topics: Humans; Canada; Actinomycetaceae; Urinary Tract Infections; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Sepsis; Delivery of Health Care; Bacteremia; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36169260
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0049