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Chinese Medical Journal Oct 2023Although the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has undergone advancements during the past several years, the response rate and long-term effects with...
BACKGROUND
Although the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has undergone advancements during the past several years, the response rate and long-term effects with respect to patients with PTCL remain unsatisfactory-particularly for relapsed or refractory (R/R) patients. This phase II trial was designed to explore the efficacy and safety of an all-oral regimen of chidamide plus prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and thalidomide (CPCT) for R/R PTCL patients who could not tolerate the standard chemotherapy for a variety of reasons.
METHODS
We conducted a multicenter phase II clinical trial in which we combined chidamide (30 mg twice weekly) with prednisone (20 mg daily after breakfast), cyclophosphamide (50 mg daily after lunch), and thalidomide (100 mg daily at bedtime) (the CPCT regimen) for a total of fewer than 12 cycles as an induction-combined treatment period, and then applied chidamide as single-drug maintenance. Forty-five patients were ultimately enrolled from August 2016 to April 2021 with respect to Chinese patients at nine centers. Our primary objective was to assess the overall response rate (ORR) after the treatment with CPCT.
RESULTS
Of the 45 enrolled patients, the optimal ORR and complete response (CR)/CR unconfirmed (CRu) were 71.1% (32/45) and 28.9% (13/45), respectively, and after a median follow-up period of 56 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.5 months and 17.2 months, respectively. The five-year PFS and OS rates were 21.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9-34.5 %) and 43.8% (95% CI, 28.3-59.3 %), respectively. The most common adverse event was neutropenia (20/45, 44.4%), but we observed no treatment-related death.
CONCLUSION
The all-oral CPCT regimen was an effective and safety regimen for R/R PTCL patients who could not tolerate standard chemotherapy for various reasons.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02879526.
PubMed: 37839894
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002836 -
Nature Communications Nov 2022How people wake up and regain alertness in the hours after sleep is related to how they are sleeping, eating, and exercising. Here, in a prospective longitudinal study...
How people wake up and regain alertness in the hours after sleep is related to how they are sleeping, eating, and exercising. Here, in a prospective longitudinal study of 833 twins and genetically unrelated adults, we demonstrate that how effectively an individual awakens in the hours following sleep is not associated with their genetics, but instead, four independent factors: sleep quantity/quality the night before, physical activity the day prior, a breakfast rich in carbohydrate, and a lower blood glucose response following breakfast. Furthermore, an individual's set-point of daily alertness is related to the quality of their sleep, their positive emotional state, and their age. Together, these findings reveal a set of non-genetic (i.e., not fixed) factors associated with daily alertness that are modifiable.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Prospective Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Sleep; Exercise; Eating
PubMed: 36402781
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2 -
International Journal of Food Science 2022There is a gradual change in the eating trend of Ghanaians. People now prefer convenient semiprocessed foods as breakfast meals to raw ones. These breakfast meals make...
There is a gradual change in the eating trend of Ghanaians. People now prefer convenient semiprocessed foods as breakfast meals to raw ones. These breakfast meals make use of cereals and grains, which often suffer postharvest losses. Thus, this study was aimed at adding value to these food crops by producing a nutritious convenient breakfast meal in the form of flakes using yellow maize and coconut as main food components. Five different formulations of percentages, maize against coconut (80/20, 77.5/22.5, 75/25, 72.5/27.5, and 70/30), were developed using the Design-Expert's D-optimal design to produce the breakfast meals through drum drying and the products assessed for acceptability by consumer panel. Panellists rated the produced cereal high in overall acceptability during the sensory evaluation. The overall acceptability decreased with decreasing coconut percentage in the cereal product. The 70/30 formulation was most preferred by panellist. The protein, fat, ash, fibre, carbohydrate, and energy contents in all five formulations increased significantly after processing. Coliform count and Bacillus cereus counts were <10 cfu/g.
PubMed: 35990772
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4566482 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Mar 2024Depression is a significant, pervasive, global public health problem, associated with many factors, such as diet, social factors, and lifestyle habits. We aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Depression is a significant, pervasive, global public health problem, associated with many factors, such as diet, social factors, and lifestyle habits. We aimed to evaluate the association between eating breakfast, dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression, and to verify the mediating role of DII on the effect of eating breakfast on depression.
METHODS
21,865 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 were included in this study. Binary logistic regression and mediated effect analysis were conducted to analyze the associations between eating breakfast, DII and depression. Dietary inflammation was divided into pro-inflammatory diet and anti-inflammatory diet according to the DII.
RESULTS
Both pro-inflammatory diet and skipping breakfast were risk factors for depression. After adjusting for covariables, compared with participants reporting breakfast in both recalls, reporting breakfast in one recall had a higher OR 95%CI (1.54(1.20, 1.98)) of depression. These associations in stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes were robust. DII mediated the association between eating breakfast and depression, the proportion of participants who reported breakfast in one recall and no recall was 26.15 % and 26.67 %, respectively.
LIMITATIONS
This was a cross-sectional study that couldn't argue for the cause-effect relationship. Moreover, the confounding factor regarding medication use was not accounted for due to limited data.
CONCLUSIONS
Skipping breakfast may increase the risk of depression by raising DII. And our study supported the essential role of regular breakfast and the anti-inflammatory diet in reducing the risk of depression.
Topics: Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Depression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Breakfast; Diet; Inflammation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38070746
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.015 -
Nutrients Apr 2021Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions....
Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio-economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS ( = -0.51, = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORj = 0.30, = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: = -0.66, < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 0.22, = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: = 0.49, < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: = 0.43, < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Child; Diet Surveys; Diet, Healthy; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Services; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors; School Health Services; Schools; Social Class; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33919560
DOI: 10.3390/nu13041351 -
Appetite May 2023Project SWEET examined the barriers and facilitators to the use of non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (hereafter "S&SE") alongside potential risks/benefits... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Impact of acute consumption of beverages containing plant-based or alternative sweetener blends on postprandial appetite, food intake, metabolism, and gastro-intestinal symptoms: Results of the SWEET beverages trial.
Project SWEET examined the barriers and facilitators to the use of non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (hereafter "S&SE") alongside potential risks/benefits for health and sustainability. The Beverages trial was a double-blind multi-centre, randomised crossover trial within SWEET evaluating the acute impact of three S&SE blends (plant-based and alternatives) vs. a sucrose control on glycaemic response, food intake, appetite sensations and safety after a carbohydrate-rich breakfast meal. The blends were: mogroside V and stevia RebM; stevia RebA and thaumatin; and sucralose and acesulfame-potassium (ace-K). At each 4 h visit, 60 healthy volunteers (53% male; all with overweight/obesity) consumed a 330 mL beverage with either an S&SE blend (0 kJ) or 8% sucrose (26 g, 442 kJ), shortly followed by a standardised breakfast (∼2600 or 1800 kJ with 77 or 51 g carbohydrates, depending on sex). All blends reduced the 2-h incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) for blood insulin (p < 0.001 in mixed-effects models), while the stevia RebA and sucralose blends reduced the glucose iAUC (p < 0.05) compared with sucrose. Post-prandial levels of triglycerides plus hepatic transaminases did not differ across conditions (p > 0.05 for all). Compared with sucrose, there was a 3% increase in LDL-cholesterol after stevia RebA-thaumatin (p < 0.001 in adjusted models); and a 2% decrease in HDL-cholesterol after sucralose-ace-K (p < 0.01). There was an impact of blend on fullness and desire to eat ratings (both p < 0.05) and sucralose-acesulfame K induced higher prospective intake vs sucrose (p < 0.001 in adjusted models), but changes were of a small magnitude and did not translate into energy intake differences over the next 24 h. Gastro-intestinal symptoms for all beverages were mostly mild. In general, responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal following consumption of S&SE blends with stevia or sucralose were similar to sucrose.
Topics: Humans; Appetite; Beverages; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cross-Over Studies; Eating; Prospective Studies; Stevia; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36849009
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106515 -
Chronobiology International Sep 2023Ageing is associated with a decline in circadian clock systems, which correlates with the development of ageing-associated diseases. Chrononutrition is a field of...
Ageing is associated with a decline in circadian clock systems, which correlates with the development of ageing-associated diseases. Chrononutrition is a field of chronobiology that examines the relationship between the timing of meal/nutrition and circadian clock systems. Although there is growing evidence regarding the role of chrononutrition in the prevention of lifestyle and ageing-related diseases, the optimal timing of meal intake to regulate the circadian clock in humans remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clock gene expression and meal timing in young and older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 51 healthy young men and 35 healthy older men (age, mean±standard deviation: 24 ± 4 and 70 ± 4 y, respectively). Under daily living conditions, beard follicle cells were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period to evaluate clock gene expression. Participants were asked to record the timing of habitual sleep and wake-up, breakfast, lunch, and dinner. From these data, we calculated "From bedtime to breakfast time," "From wake up to first meal time," and "From dinner to bed time." and expressions in older adults at 06:00 h were significantly higher than those in young adults ( = 0.001). There were significant differences in the peak time for ( = 0.003) and ( = 0.049) expression between young and older adults. "From bedtime to breakfast time" was significantly longer in older adults than in young adults. In contrast, "From dinner to bed time" was significantly shorter in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, higher rhythmicity of correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" ( = -0.470, = 0.002) and shorter "From wake up to first meal time" in young adults ( = 0.302, = 0.032). Higher rhythmicity of correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" in older adults ( = -0.342, = 0.045). These results suggest that the peak time of clock gene expression in older adults may be phase-advanced compared to that in young adults. In addition, a longer fasting duration from bedtime to breakfast in both young and older adults and earlier intake of meals after waking up in young adults may correlate with robust clock gene expression rhythms.
PubMed: 37722714
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256855 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Oct 2021This study aimed to determine if energy intake and appetite regulation differ in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise (REx) versus aerobic exercise (AEx). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine if energy intake and appetite regulation differ in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise (REx) versus aerobic exercise (AEx).
METHODS
Physically inactive adults (n = 24, 35% ± 2% body fat, 50% female) completed three conditions: AEx (walking at 65%-70% heart rate max for 45 min), REx (1 set to failure of 12 exercises), and sedentary control (SED). Each condition was initiated in the postprandial state (35 min after breakfast). Appetite (visual analog scale for hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) and hormones (ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) were measured before and 30, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after a standardized breakfast. Area under the curve was calculated using the trapezoid method. Ad libitum energy intake was evaluated at a lunch meal after the 180-min measurements.
RESULTS
No differences in ad libitum energy intake (REx, 991 ± 68; AEx, 937 ± 65; SED, 944 ± 76 kcal; P = 0.50) or appetite ratings (all, P > 0.05) were detected. The area under the curve for ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 were all lower after REx versus AEx (ghrelin: 130,737 ± 4928 for REx; 143,708 ± 7500 for AEx (P = 0.006); PYY: 20,540 ± 1177 for REx, 23,812 ± 1592 for AEx (P = 0.001); and GLP-1: 1314 ± 93 for REx, 1615 ± 110 for AEx (P = 0.013)). Neither exercise condition significantly differed from SED.
CONCLUSIONS
Acute REx lowers both orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorectic (PYY and GLP-1) gut peptides compared with acute AEx. Ad libitum energy intake did not increase compared with SED in either exercise condition, indicating both exercise modalities have appetite and energy intake suppressing effects. Future work is needed to determine if exercise of differing modalities influences chronic appetite regulation.
Topics: Adult; Appetite Regulation; Craving; Cross-Over Studies; Energy Intake; Exercise; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hunger; Male; Peptide YY; Resistance Training
PubMed: 33831896
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002678 -
Nutrients Mar 2021It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat polar lipids on postprandial and second meal glycemic regulation, blood lipids, gastrointestinal hormones, and subjective appetite-related variables in healthy humans. In a randomized design, twenty healthy subjects ingested four liquid cereal-based test beverages (42 g of available carbohydrates) containing: i. 30 g of oat oil with a low concentration (4%) of polar lipids (PLL), ii. 30 g of oat oil containing a high concentration (40%) of polar lipids (PLH), iii. 30 g of rapeseed oil (RSO), and iv. no added lipids (NL). The products were served as breakfast meals followed by a standardized lunch. Test variables were measured at fasting and during 3 h after breakfast and two additional hours following a standardized lunch. PLH reduced glucose and insulin responses after breakfast (0-120 min) compared to RSO, and after lunch (210-330 min) compared to RSO and PLL ( < 0.05). Compared to RSO, PLH resulted in increased concentrations of the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY after the standardized lunch ( < 0.05). The results suggest that oat polar lipids have potential nutraceutical properties by modulating acute and second meal postprandial metabolic responses.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Avena; Biomarkers; Breakfast; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glycemic Index; Humans; Lipids; Lunch; Male; Postprandial Period; Single-Blind Method
PubMed: 33803802
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030988 -
Sleep Medicine Aug 2021Postprandial hyperglycemia is common in type 2 diabetes even in those with acceptable glycemic control and conveys an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and...
OBJECTIVES
Postprandial hyperglycemia is common in type 2 diabetes even in those with acceptable glycemic control and conveys an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with altered glucose metabolism, data regarding its association with postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes are limited. Thus, the current study sought to characterize the association between OSA and postprandial hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of adults with type 2 diabetes was conducted. Home sleep testing was used to assess OSA severity as determined by the oxygen desaturation index (ODI). Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was performed before and 2-h after breakfast, lunch, and dinner for three days. The association between OSA and glucose levels before and after each meal was examined using multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 195 adults with 52% being men. OSA severity, as assessed by ODI quartiles, was associated with higher postprandial glucose values after dinner but not after breakfast or lunch. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a higher post-dinner glucose level for four ODI quartiles were 1.00 (Reference), 2.16 (0.96, 4.87), 2.23 (1.03, 4.83), and 2.58 (1.18, 5.94). Stratified analyses showed that this association was present in men but not women.
CONCLUSIONS
Increasing OSA severity is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and may contribute to impaired glycemic control. Future studies examining the impact of OSA treatment on glucose metabolism should consider meal-related glycemic excursions as a potential outcome.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 34153800
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.023