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Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Nov 2022The COVID-19 pandemic is having substantial impacts on the health status of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). AUD... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic is having substantial impacts on the health status of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). AUD and ALD have both been impacted throughout the pandemic, with increases in alcohol use during the early stages of the pandemic, reduced access to treatment during the mid-pandemic, and challenges in managing the downstream effects in the post-COVID era. This review will focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted AUD and ALD epidemiology and access to treatment, and will discuss to address this rising AUD and ALD disease burden.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Alcoholism; Alcohol Drinking
PubMed: 35933291
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.07.007 -
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews 2022This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as... (Review)
Review
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Shah's presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
Topics: United States; Humans; Alcoholism; Alcohol Drinking; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.); Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Alcohol-Related Disorders
PubMed: 36420303
DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.13 -
Cirugia Espanola Nov 2021Bariatric surgery is a relatively safe surgical procedure with a high success rate. However, recent reports indicate a higher prevalence of alcohol or substance abuse... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Bariatric surgery is a relatively safe surgical procedure with a high success rate. However, recent reports indicate a higher prevalence of alcohol or substance abuse disorder in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to review the related evidence to serve as a reference for multidisciplinary teams who treat these patients.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed and CENTRAL databases. The odds ratios were extracted from the different articles, comparing the prevalence of the abuse of alcohol or other substances in the postoperative period versus preoperative levels. We also compared the prevalence of alcohol use disorder after different types of bariatric surgery.
RESULTS
A total of 49 121 bariatric patients (80.8% female) were evaluated for alcohol use disorder. In general, bariatric surgery was found to be associated with an increase in the prevalence of alcohol abuse (4.58 ± 5.3 vs. 1.58 ± 10.7% in the preoperative period). We also found that the population of patients who underwent RYGB procedures had a higher prevalence of alcohol use disorder than patients who underwent another type of surgery (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.51-2.21). The prevalence of substance abuse disorder (other than alcohol) after this procedure is less studied, although there appears to be an increased risk of abuse of certain substances.
CONCLUSIONS
Bariatric surgery is the best treatment for obesity and its complications. The evidence reviewed suggests that it correlates with a modest but consistent increase in the prevalence of abuse of alcohol and other substances. Medical teams who treat bariatric patients must be informed about this eventuality for its timely prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Alcoholism; Bariatric Surgery; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34690075
DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2021.10.004 -
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Oct 2020Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-related susceptibility to acute lung injury are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to chronic alcohol... (Review)
Review
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-related susceptibility to acute lung injury are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to chronic alcohol abuse. Most commonly, alcohol-induced injury to both organs are evaluated independently, although they share many parallel mechanisms of injury. Moreover, recent studies indicate that there is a potential liver lung axis that may contribute to organ pathology. This mini-review explores established and potential mechanisms of organ-organ crosstalk in ALD and alcohol-related lung injury.
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Lung
PubMed: 33053938
DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0174 -
International Review of Neurobiology 2021Alcohol use disorder is a chronic debilitated condition adversely affecting the lives of millions of individuals throughout the modern world. Individuals suffering from...
Alcohol use disorder is a chronic debilitated condition adversely affecting the lives of millions of individuals throughout the modern world. Individuals suffering from an alcohol use disorder diagnosis frequently have serious cooccurring conditions, which often further exacerbates problematic drinking behavior. Comprehending the biochemical processes underlying the progression and perpetuation of disease is essential for mitigating maladaptive behavior in order to restore both physiological and psychological health. The range of cellular and biological systems contributing to, and affected by, alcohol use disorder and other comorbid disorders necessitates a fundamental grasp of intricate functional relationships that govern molecular biology. Epigenetic factors are recognized as essential mediators of cellular behavior, orchestrating a symphony of gene expression changes within multicellular environments that are ultimately responsible for directing human behavior. Understanding the epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of disease is important for improving available pharmacotherapies and reducing the incidence of alcohol abuse and cooccurring conditions.
Topics: Alcoholism; Behavior, Addictive; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans
PubMed: 33461665
DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.006 -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Feb 2022As the number of older adults worldwide continues to grow, we observe a proportional growth of substance use. Despite the myriad of complications alcohol use disorder... (Review)
Review
As the number of older adults worldwide continues to grow, we observe a proportional growth of substance use. Despite the myriad of complications alcohol use disorder (AUD) has on the body with regards to organ systems and mental health, the topic has been underresearched in the older adult population. Thus, it is important to create awareness about the growing problem of AUD among older adults. In this way, we can mitigate the long-term complications and side effects observed with alcohol abuse in this vulnerable population.
Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Humans; Mental Health; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34794695
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.07.006 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Sep 2020While the majority of the regular consumers of alcohol controls their consumption well over life span and even takes instrumentalization benefits from it, a minority,... (Review)
Review
While the majority of the regular consumers of alcohol controls their consumption well over life span and even takes instrumentalization benefits from it, a minority, but yet high total number of users develops an alcohol addiction. It has long been known that particular personality types are more addiction prone than others. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of neurobiological pathways that determine personality and facilitate drug abuse. Novel approaches to characterize personality traits leading to addiction proneness in social settings in mice are discussed. A common genetic and neurobiological base for the behavioural traits of sensation seeking or a depressed phenotype and escalating alcohol consumption are reviewed. Furthermore, recent progress on how social and cognitive factors, including impulsivity and decision making, act at brain level to make an individual more vulnerable to alcohol abuse, are discussed. Altogether, this review provides an update on brain mechanisms underlying a broad spectrum of personality traits that make an individual more prone to alcohol and drug abuse and addiction.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Animals; Impulsive Behavior; Mice; Personality; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 32565173
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.023 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Jan 2022Alcohol-related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human...
Alcohol-related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human brain is lipid rich and a major target of damage from chronic alcohol abuse; yet, there is sparse information on how these lipids are affected. Here, we used untargeted lipidomics as a discovery tool to describe these changes in the prefrontal, middle temporal, and visual cortices of human subjects with alcohol use disorder and controls. Significant changes to the lipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, and differences between the white and grey matter of each brain region were identified. These effects include broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased sphingadiene backbones, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. Our findings show that chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, which likely reflects both the directs effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcoholism; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; Humans; Lipidomics; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34699608
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15530 -
Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) Aug 2019Asialo-human transferrin (asialo-hTf) is a glycoform of the human serum protein transferrin characterized by the lack of the sialic acid (SA) terminal unit. It is known... (Review)
Review
Asialo-human transferrin (asialo-hTf) is a glycoform of the human serum protein transferrin characterized by the lack of the sialic acid (SA) terminal unit. It is known that glycosylation micro-heterogeneity and the presence of SA are strongly involved in protein functioning and pathophysiological activities. Some hTf glycoforms are valuable biomarkers for the detection of both genetic defects of glycosylation and/or sialoform distribution changes. The detection of the carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) glycoforms is currently a widely employed method for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse. The physiological significance of asialo-hTf is still unclear, despite its important biological implications. The current knowledge suggests that asialo-hTf may be involved in regulation of iron transport and release at the hepatic level, which, consequently, could strongly be affected by alcohol consumption. For these reasons, a deeper understanding of asialo-hTf structure and its physiological role is required, and an improved method of its analysis would favor the detection of both chronic abuse and other habits of alcohol intake and/or misuse. Thus, suitable analytical methods possessing higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison with the currently available techniques are certainly recommended. The present review summarizes the studies on asialo-hTf structure, roles, and detection techniques mainly in relation to its possible use as a potentially additional useful biomarker of alcohol abuse, and underlines its prospective value as a forensic and diagnostic tool.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Asialoglycoproteins; Biochemical Phenomena; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Liver; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Sensitivity and Specificity; Transferrin
PubMed: 30890358
DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.002 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Jan 2020
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 31965552
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00833-6